Notes:

Herman(n) of Salm (ca. 1035 - 28 September 1088), also known as Herman(n) of Luxembourg, was a count of Salm and German anti-king of the Holy Roman Empire who ruled from 1081 until his death. From the 10th century, the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire were elected German kings, who expected to be crowned by the Pope as Holy Roman Emperor.

Election

Hermann was a son of Count Giselbert of Luxembourg. While Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Romans, was campaigning in Northern Italy during the Great Saxon Revolt civil war, Hermann was elected as the second anti-King of Germany opposed to the emperor-elect in Ochsenfurt on 6 August 1081, by the nobility of Saxony and Swabia. Siegfried I, Archbishop of Mainz, crowned Hermann in Goslar on 26 December. Hermann's predecessor, Rudolph of Swabia, had died from wounds received in the battle of in October 1080. Because Henry believed the papacy should submit to the crown, Pope Gregory VII had excommunicated him and declared that he was unworthy of being the Holy Roman Emperor. The civil war eventually ended and Henry was crowned Emperor in 1084, leaving Hermann in a very awkward position.

Supporting the Pope

The major issue between the Pope and Henry was the appointment of bishops. It was a custom that if a bishop was to die, the emperor would appoint a new bishop based on his ecclesiastical qualifications. Henry, on the other hand, was appointing bishops for political reasons which made Gregory furious and thus prohibited the appointments of investiture by any lay person, including the emperor. This was known as the Investiture Controversy. Because of this, the church broke off from Henry and appointed Rudolph of Swabia and later Hermann of Salm. Unfortunately for Gregory, Hermann was nowhere near as strong a leader as Rudolph and this caused Henry’s power to grow. Little is known of what happened to Hermann after this other than he served as an anti-king under Gregory’s rule until 1093, which is assumed to be his year of death. Conrad of Franconia began his rule after Hermann’s death.

Military campaigning

Hermann's plan to gather an army on the banks of the Danube and march into Italy was dashed by the death of his main retainer, Otto of Nordheim. When Henry came into Saxony with an army in 1085, Hermann fled to Denmark. He returned, however, in alliance with Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, and defeated the emperor at the Battle of Bleichfeld on the River Main, taking Würzburg. Soon after his victory, however, he tired of being a pawn in the hands of the grandees and retired to his familial estates. He died near Cochem later that year of 1088, ending the Great Saxon revolt civil war.

His wife, Sophia of Formbach, left him a son, Otto, who succeeded him in Salm.

Hermann — Sophia of Formbach. [Group Sheet]

1. Otto, I of Rheineck

Notes:

Giselbert of Luxembourg (c. 1007 - 14 August 1059) was count of Salm and of Longwy, then count of Luxembourg from 1047 to 1059. He was the son of Frederick of Luxembourg, count of Moselgau, and perhaps of Ermentrude of Gleiberg.

At first count of Salm and of Longwy, on his brother Henry II's death he inherited the county of Luxembourg, as well as providing the income for the abbeys of Saint-Maximin in Trier and Saint-Willibrord in Echternach. He got into an argument with the archbishop of Trier Poppon as to the abbaye Saint-Maximin, which was arbitrated by his brother Adalbéron III, bishop of Metz.

In 1050, since the population of the town of Luxembourg had risen considerably, he expanded the city by rebuilding a new fortified wall around it.

By an unknown wife, he had :

Conrad I (1040 † 1086), count of Luxembourg
Hermann I († 1088), count of Salm, founder of the House of Salm
daughter, married Thierry of Amensleben
daughter, married at Kuno, count of Oltingen
Adalbéron († 1097 at Antioch), canon at Metz
Jutta, married Udo of Limbourg

Giselbert — Unknown. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

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Notes:

He married Ermentrude of Gleibur, daughter of Heribert of Gleibur, Count of Gleibur and Irmengarde Megingoz, before 995.

Count of Salm and Luxembourg.

Frederick of Luxembourg (965 - 6 October 1019), count of Moselgau, was a son of count Siegfried of Luxembourg and Hedwig of Nordgau.

By a wife whose name is unknown (certain historians give her as Ermentrude, countess of Gleiberg), he had:

Henry II († 1047), count of Luxembourg and duke of Bavaria
Frederick (1003 † 1065), Duke of Lower Lorraine
Giselbert (1007 † 1059), count of Longwy, of Salm and of Luxembourg
Adalbéron III († 1072), bishop of Metz
Thierry, father of :
Thierry († 1075)
Henry († 1095), count palatine of Lorraine
Poppon († 1103), bishop of Metz
Ogive (v. 990 † 1036), married in 1012 to Baldwin IV (980 † 1035), count of Flanders
Ermengarde (1000 † 1057), married Welf II of Altdorf, count in Lechrain († 1030)
Oda, canoness at Remiremont, then abbess of Saint-Rémy at Lunéville
Gisèle (1019 † after 1058), married to Radulfe, lord of Aalst († after 1038)

Frederick of Luxembourg (965 - 6 October 1019), count of Moselgau, was a son of count Siegfried of Luxembourg and Hedwig of Nordgau.

By a wife whose name is unknown (certain historians give her as Ermentrude, countess of Gleiberg), he had:

Henry II († 1047), count of Luxembourg and duke of Bavaria
Frederick (1003 † 1065), Duke of Lower Lorraine
Giselbert (1007 † 1059), count of Longwy, of Salm and of Luxembourg
Adalbéron III († 1072), bishop of Metz
Thierry, father of :
Thierry († 1075)
Henry († 1095), count palatine of Lorraine
Poppon († 1103), bishop of Metz
Ogive (v. 990 † 1036), married in 1012 to Baldwin IV (980 † 1035), count of Flanders
Ermengarde (1000 † 1057), married Welf II of Altdorf, count in Lechrain († 1030)
Oda, canoness at Remiremont, then abbess of Saint-Rémy at Lunéville
Gisèle (1019 † after 1058), married to Radulfe, lord of Aalst († after 1038)

Frederick married Ermentrude of Gleiburg Bef 995. [Group Sheet]

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Notes:

Siegfried (or Sigefroy) (c. 922 - 28 October 998) is considered the first count of Luxembourg. He was actually count in the Moselgau and the Ardennes. He was also the advocate of the abbeys of Saint-Maximin de Trêves and Saint-Willibrod d'Echternach. He is speculated to be the son of Wigeric of Lotharingia, Count Palatine and Cunigunda. He is the founder of the House of Luxembourg, a cadet branch of the House of Ardennes.

He had possessions from his father in Upper Lorraine. At the centre of his dominions he constructed the fortress of Luxembourg in 963. A town soon grew up around the castle. Though he used the title of count, the title "count of Luxembourg" was only applied to William some 150 years later.

Around 950, he married Hedwig of Nordgau (937-992), daughter of Eberhard IV of Nordgau. They had the following issue:

Henry I of Luxembourg
Siegfried, cited in 985
Frederick I, Count of Salm and Luxembourg, married Ermentrude of Gleiberg, daughter of Heribert I, Count of Gleiberg and Ermentrud (Imizi).
Dietrich, bishop of Metz
Adalberon, canon of Trier
Gislebert (d.1004), count in the Moselgau
Cunigunda, married Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Eve, married Gerard, Count of Metz
Ermentrude, abbess
Luitgarde, married Arnulf, Count of Holland
a daughter, married Thietmar

Siegfried married Hedwig of Nordgau Abt 950. Hedwig was born Abt 922; died 13 Dec 992. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Hedwig of Nordgau (circa 922 - after 993) was the wife of Siegfried of Luxembourg, first count of Luxembourg and founder of the country. They were married circa 950. She was of Saxon origin but her parentage is not known for sure. Some sources list her as the daughter of count Eberhard IV of Nordgau and Luitgard of Lotharingia. Others claim that she was connected to the family of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. Described as "saintly" herself, Hedwig of Nordgau was the mother of Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, the sixth of eleven children from her marriage to Siegfried.

Children

Hedwig of Nordgau's children included:

Henry, count of Luxemburg
Adalbert, archbishop of Trier
Luitgard, married Arnulf, Count of Holland
Eva, married count Gerard of Elzass
Cunigunde, married Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Dietrich, bishop of Metz
Frederik, father of the later counts Henry II and Giselbert

Notes:

Count in the Kinziggau.

Heribert — Irmengarde Megingoz. [Group Sheet]