Notes:

Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly (1194 - 20 May 1257) was a Norman-Irish peer, soldier, and Justiciar of Ireland from 1232 to 1245. He mustered many armies against the Irish, and due to his harsh methods as Justiciar, he received criticism from King Henry III of England. He was succeeded as Lord of Offaly by his son, Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly.

Career

He was born in Ireland in 1194, the son of Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly and Eve de Bermingham (died between June 1223/December 1226). He succeeded to the title of Lord of Offaly on 15 January 1204, and was invested as a knight in July 1217, at the age of 23. Maurice was summoned to London to accompany King Henry III of England to Poitou and Gascony in October 1229. He was appointed Justiciar of Ireland in September 1232 and held the post until 1245. His reputation was marred by rumours that he had contrived the death of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke in 1234. FitzGerald met Marshal at the Battle of the Curragh on 1 April, where Marshal was wounded and died shortly after. It was rumoured that Marshal had been betrayed. In February 1235, the King criticised him for his proceedings in office, and described him as "little pleasant, nay, beyond measure harsh in executing the King's mandates". The same year, he took part in the subjugation of Connacht. In the years 1241 and 1242, and later in 1246, 1247, and 1248 he mustered armies against the Irish. In the Annals of the Four Masters, 1247, it was recorded that Melaghlin O' Donnell, the Lord of Tyrconnell was slain by Maurice FitzGerald.

In 1245, Maurice was dismissed from his post as Justiciar as a result of tardiness in sending the King assistance in the latter's military campaigns in Wales. His successor was John FitzGeoffrey. That same year he laid the foundations for Sligo Castle. In 1250, he held both the office of Member of the Council of Ireland, and Commissioner of the Treasury. He also founded the Franciscan Friary at Youghal and the Dominican Friary at Sligo; hence his nickname of an Brathair, which is Irish for The Friar. He was at the English royal court in January 1252, and received an urgent summons from King Henry in January 1254.

Marriage and issue

He married on an unknown date, Joanna de Geneville. Genealogists had previously named her as Juliana de Cogan, but this was an error since this was the name of his granddaughter through his oldest son Gerald. By Joanna, Maurice had four sons:

Gerald FitzMaurice FitzGerald (died 1243), married a woman whose name is not recorded by whom he had a son, Maurice (died July 1268), and a daughter, Juliana (died after 1309), wife of Sir John de Cogan, by whom she had issue.
Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly (1238- before 10 November 1286), married firstly, Maud de Prendergast, by whom he had two daughters; he married secondly, Emmeline Longespee.
David FitzMaurice FitzGerald, died childless
Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald (died 1271 Lough Mask), married Rohesia de St. Michael, by whom he had issue including John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare, 4th Lord of Offaly

Death

In 1257, Maurice and his Norman army engaged the forces led by Godfrey O'Donnell, King of Tyrconnell at the Battle of Credan, north of what is now County Sligo. The two men fought each other in single combat and both were gravely wounded. Maurice died of his injuries at Youghal Monastery, wearing the habit of the Franciscans, on 20 May 1257, aged 63 years. In the Annals of the Four Masters, 1257 his death is described thus: "Maurice FitzGerald for some time Lord Justice of Ireland and the destroyer of the Irish, died." (In Irish this reads as: "Muiris macGerailt lustis Ereann re h-edh diosccaoilteach Gaoidheal d'écc".)

He was succeeded as Lord of Offaly by his son, Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly, rather than the rightful successor, his grandson, Maurice, son of his eldest son, Gerald.

Maurice — Joanna de Geneville. [Group Sheet]

1. Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly was born 1238, Wexford, Ireland; died Bef 10 Nov 1286, Ross, Wexford, Ireland.

Notes:

Gerald FitzMaurice, jure uxoris 1st Lord of Offaly (c. 1150 - 15 January 1204) was a Cambro-Norman nobleman who settled in Ireland, with his father, Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, founding the notable FitzGerald dynasty who were to play important roles in Irish history. By right of his wife, the heiress Eve de Bermingham, Gerald was granted the barony of Offaly, thus becoming the first Lord. He is the ancestor of the Kildare branch of the dynasty.

Family

Gerald was born in Wales in about 1150, the second eldest son of Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan and an unknown second wife. Gerald had one sister, Nesta, who was named after their celebrated grandmother, Princess Nest of Wales, and five brothers, including his eldest, William FitzMaurice, 1st Baron of Naas.

Career

Gerald's father was the leader of the first landing of Normans who arrived in Ireland in 1169 to assist the exiled Irish King of Leinster Dermot MacMurrough regain his kingdom. Both Gerald and his father were at the Siege of Dublin in 1171. Upon the death of their father, on 1 September 1176, Gerald's elder brother William granted him half the cantred of Ophelan with centres at Maynooth and Rathmore. He was confirmed in them by Prince John in 1185. In 1197, he took part in the conquest of Limerick acquiring Croom, County Limerick.

Marriage and issue

Sometime around 1193, he married as her first husband, Eve de Bermingham (died between June 1223 and December 1226), daughter of Sir Robert de Bermingham. In marriage, he received the barony of Offaly, becoming the first FitzGerald Lord of Offaly. Together Gerald and Eve had one son:

Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly, Justiciar of Ireland (1194- 20 May 1257), married Juliana N.N., by whom he had four sons.

Following Gerald's death on 15 January 1204, Eve would go on to marry two more times. Her second husband was Geoffrey FitzRobert, and her third, whom she married sometime after 1211, was Geoffrey de Marisco, Justiciar of Ireland.

Gerald was succeeded by his only son, Maurice who became 2nd Lord of Offaly.

Gerald married Eve de Bermingham, Lady of Offaly Abt 1193. Eve (daughter of Robert de Bermingham) died Between Jun 1223 and Dec 1226, Ireland. [Group Sheet]

Other Events:

• Name:

Notes:

Eve de Bermingham, suo jure Lady of Offaly (died between June 1223/December 1226), was a Norman-Irish heiress, being the only child of Robert de Bermingham who was enfeoffed by Strongbow with part of the kingdom of Ui Failghe. This fief became the barony of Offaly which she as the suo jure heiress, passed on to her first husband, Gerald FitzMaurice, who by right of his wife was created the 1st Lord of Offaly. She had a total of three husbands.

Marriages and issue

Eve was born on an unknown date, the only daughter and suo jure heiress of Robert de Bermingham, a Norman, who arrived in Ireland with the Cambro-Norman forces of Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, known to history as "Strongbow". De Bermingham was enfeoffed by Strongbow with part of the kingdom of Ui Failghe, which became the barony of Offaly. Eve's mother's name and identity is not known.

Sometime about 1193, she married her first husband, Gerald FitzMaurice, the second eldest son of Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan and Alice de Montgomery. He became the 1st Lord of Offaly by right of marriage to her. Together they had one recorded son:

Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly (1194- 20 May 1257), Justiciar of Ireland, married Juliana N. N., by whom he had four sons.

Gerald FitzMaurice died on 15 January 1204, and was succeeded by their son and heir, Maurice.

Sometime later Eve married her second husband, Geoffrey FitzRobert, Seneschal of Leinster. When he died in 1211, she took a third husband, Geoffrey de Marisco (du Marais), who held the office of Justiciar of Ireland from 1215 to 1221. Her son Maurice would later hold the office from 1232 to 1245. By her third husband, she had at least one son:

Robert de Marisco, married Christiana de Ridelsford, by whom he had a daughter, Christiana de Marisco (1234-1312). The latter was the wife of Ebulo of Geneva, and a lady-in-waiting in the household of Eleanor of Provence, Queen consort of King Henry III of England.

It is not known whether Geoffrey's daughter, Joan du Marais, first wife of Theobald le Botiller, was Eve's daughter, or his daughter by an earlier, unrecorded marriage.

The female succession in the de Bermingham fee, as well as Eve's multiple marriages, slowed down the Anglo-Norman advance in the former kingdom of Ui Failghe.

Death

Eve de Bermingham died in Ireland between June 1223 and December 1226.

Notes:

Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Maynooth, Naas, and Llanstephan) (c. 1105 - September 1177) was a medieval Irish lord, and a major figure in the Norman invasion of Ireland.

Wars in Wales and Ireland

A Welsh Marcher Lord, Lanstephan fought under Robert FitzMartin at the Battle of Crug Mawr in Wales 1136.

Diarmait Mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurrough), the deposed King of Leinster, who had been exiled by the High King of Ireland, sought Cambro-Norman assistance to regain his throne. Lanstephan participated in the resulting 1169 Norman invasion of Ireland. He assisted his younger half-brother Robert Fitz-Stephen in the Siege of Wexford (1169). His nephew, Raymond, was Strongbow's second in command and had the chief share both in the capture of Waterford and in the successful assault on Dublin in 1171. Lanstephan and his son also fought in this battle.

Ancestry

FitzGerald was the second son of Gerald de Windsor, Constable of Pembroke Castle by his wife, Nest ferch Rhys, Princess of Deheubarth and a member of the Welsh royal House of Dinefwr.

Marriage and Issue

FitzGerald and his elder brother William of Carew married two sisters. They were the daughters of Arnulf de Montgomery by his wife Lavacroth, the daughter of the Irish king Muircheartach Ua Briain. FitzGerald married Alice de Montgomery, while William married Marie de Montgomery. FitzGerald's children by his wife were:

Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly (b. c. 1150, d. before 15 Jan 1204)
Alexander
William, Lord of Naas (d. c.1199)
Maurice, Lord of Kiltrany
Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald (d. c.1213)
Robert
Nest (m. Hervey de Montmorenci, Constable of England)

Through his oldest son, Sir Gerald, FitzGerald was the ancestor of the FitzGerald Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster.

The original Earldom of Desmond in the province of Munster was based on land holdings belonging to the descendants of Maurice's son Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald, Lord of O'Connelloe. Thomas's son John FitzGerald, who was killed in the Battle of Callann, became the first Baron Desmond. Of this line are also the Knights of Glin and Knights of Kerry.

Maurice — Alice de Montgomery. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Gerald de Windsor (1070 -1136), also known as Gerald FitzWalter, Constable of Pembroke Castle from 1102, was the nobleman in charge of the Norman forces in Wales in the late 11th century. Notably, he was the progenitor of the FitzGerald and de Barry dynasties of Ireland. These celebrated Hiberno-Norman or Cambro-Norman families, have been Peers of Ireland since the 14th Century at least.

Ancestry

Gerald was the son of Walter FitzOtho by his wife Beatrice. FitzOtho became Constable of Windsor Castle immediately upon its completion by William I of England. Gerald's grandfather was Otho, owner of manors in five English counties. Gerald married Nest ferch Rhys, Princess of Deheubarth, who was the daughter of Prince Rhys ap Tewdwr and Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, around 1095.

Issue

He had five children by Nest:

William FitzGerald de Carew (died 1173), father of Raymond FitzGerald and of Isabella Le Gros m William De Haya Wallenisis.
Maurice FitzGerald (born c. 1100, died 1 September 1176), founder of the FitzGerald dynasty of Ireland and
David FitzGerald, Bishop of St David's (died c. 1176),
Angharad FitzGerald, foundress of the de Barry dynasty of Ireland who married William FitzOdo de Barry
possibly Gwladys

Career

Following the death of the last king of the Britons - Rhys ap Tewdwr - a general Norman invasion of south Wales ensued around 1093. Arnulf of Montgomery participated and built a castle at Pembroke. Gerald de Windsor held the castle for him. It was described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a "slender fortress of turf and stakes". Gerald successfully withstood a siege. Geraldus Cambrensis adds that, "Without delay that Gerald, to root him and his deeper in these territories, married Nesta, sister of Grifhn, prince of South Wales, from whom, in course of time, he raised an egregious progeny of both sexes, by whom the maritime parts of South Wales were retained for the English, and, later on, the walls of Ireland were stormed" In 1094 king William II of England rewarded Arnulf with the formal lordship of Demetia, including Pembroke. The lordship was smaller than the later Pembrokeshire.

In 1100, Gerald negotiated the marriage of Arnulf with Lafracoth, daughter of the Irish king Muircheartach Ua Briain. In due time Gerald's son, Maurice, married Arnulf's daughter, Alice.

Gerald de Windsor held the office of Constable of Pembroke Castle from 1102 and was granted the manor of Moulsford in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire) by Henry I of England. The castle at Carew came with Nest as part of her dowry. Gerald demolished the wooden structure and built a motte and bailey in its place.

In 1105, Gerald built the castle of Little Cenarch.

In 1109, Nest was "abducted" by a cousin, Owain ap Cadwgan. According to the Brut y Tywysogion, Owain and his men infiltrated the couple's home (assumed by historians to be either Cilgerran Castle or Little Cenarch) and set fire to the buildings. When Gerald was woken by the noise, Nest advised him to escape by climbing out through the privy hole. Owain then seized Nest and her children and carried her off. However, some sources suggest that she went with him willingly.

Gerald's influence was such that Owain and his father soon lost much of their territory of Powys as a result of Owain's actions. Owain himself was obliged to go into exile in Ireland. When he returned, in 1116, Gerald hunted him down and killed him.

His son William had a daughter named Isabella Le Gros whom married William De Haya Wallenisis and had David Walensis and Philip Walensis. David and Philip where considered "The Welshman" and the starting of the Welsh/Walsh (Philip) Walensis/Wallace (David) going from Scotland to Ireland. Philip Walensis had a son named Howell of Welsh Walensis.

The "Annals of Cambria" record 1116 as the date of Owain's death. As Gerald de Windsor appears no later in the "Annals" or the "The Chronicles of the Princes" of Wales, the presumption is that he did not long survive his enemy, Owain ab Cadwgan, and that the "Earls of Kildare Addenda" is wrong in putting his death so late as 1135.

Gerald — Nest ferch Rhys, ap Tewdwr. Nest (daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr and Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon) was born Abt 1085; died Bef 1136. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Nesta, Princess of Deheubarth was the daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, King of South Wales and Gladys of Powys. She married Gerald fitz Walter, son of Walter fitz Otho and Gladys ap Comyn, circa 1100. She died before 1136. She was heiress of the lands of Carew, near Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire. She was also known as Nest of Wales. She gained the title of Princess Nesta of Deheubarth.

Nest ferch Rhys, born about 1085, was a legitimate daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last King of Deheubarth by his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn of Powys. In 1093, her father was killed in battle, her older illegitimate half-brothers killed, executed, or imprisoned; what happened to Nest is unknown. She came to King Henry's attention sometime after 1100, and bore him a son, Henry fitzHenry (killed in battle in 1158). Sometime thereafter, the King married Nest to Gerald de Windsor (aka Geraldus FitzWalter) a younger son of Walter FitzOther, Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Forests of Berkshire, by his wife Beatrice. Gerald had lately been in rebellion against King Henry, together with the powerful Montgomery clan, but, with Nest as his wife, was restored by Henry to his former position in South Wales. After her husband's death, Nest was married to Stephen, Constable of Cardigan. By the latter, Nest had at least one son, Robert FitzStephen, a leader of the Norman invasion of Ireland. By Gerald she had five children, from whom descend the famous Fitzgerald clan of Ireland.

Nest ferch Rhys (b. c. 1085 - d. before 1136) was the only legitimate daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last King of Deheubarth, by his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn of Powys. She is sometimes known, incorrectly, as "Nesta" or "Princess Nesta".

Nest had two younger brothers, Gruffydd ap Rhys and Hywel, and several older illegitimate half-brothers and half-sisters. After their father's death in battle in 1093, "the kingdom of the Britons fell" and was overrun by Normans. Nest's brother Gruffydd was spirited into Ireland for safety; their brother Hywel was captured by Arnulf de Montgomery. The immediate fate of Nest and her mother is unknown. In any event, after she reached puberty, she came to the attention of the youngest son of William the Conqueror, Henry I of England, by whom she bore Henry FitzHenry (c. 1103-1158), one of his numerous illegitimate children.

Ancestry

First Marriage

Some time after the rebellion of the powerful Montgomery clan of Normandy and England, King Henry married Nest to Gerald de Windsor, Arnulf de Montgomery's former constable for Pembroke Castle and one of the recent Montgomery rebels. By Gerald, Nest is the maternal progenitor of the FitzGerald dynasty, one of the most celebrated families of Ireland and Great Britain. They are referred to as Cambro-Normans or Hiberno-Normans, and have been Peers of Ireland since 1316, when Edward II created the earldom of Kildare for John FitzGerald.

Rape and Abduction

The details of this most famous episode of Nest's life are obscure and vary, depending on who is relating it. Either Nest and Gerald were present at an eisteddfod given, during a truce, by Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of Powys; or they were not present, and Nest and her husband were "visited" by Owain ap Cadwgan, one of Cadwgan's sons, or they were not visited by Owain, merely attacked by Owain and his men. The usual tale is that Owain hears at the eisteddfod that Gerald is in the neighbourhood, that Gerald's wife is very beautiful, and so he goes to visit her "as his kinswoman", but this is unlikely. The earliest account, that of Caradoc of Llancarfan, relates that "At the instigation of the Devil, he [Owain] was moved by passion and love for the woman, and with a small company with him...he made for the castle by night." The castle was called Cenarth Bychan (possibly modern Cilgerran Castle); Carew Castle is also mentioned, but is unlikely.

Tradition has it that, during Owain's firing of some of the outbuildings, Nest persuaded her husband and his men to escape via a lavatory chute, rather than face Owain, outnumbered, but this, too, is unlikely. Owain and his men burst into the castle, searched frantically for Gerald, but failed to find him. Nest allegedly told them, "He whom you seek is not here. He has escaped." An infuriated Owain then raped Nest in front of her children - either her two sons and daughter and Gerald's son by a concubine; or Gerald's two sons by a concubine and Nest's two sons; or any other variant - following which Owain abducted Nest and her children, and took them to a hunting lodge by the Eglwyseg Rocks north of the Vale of Llangollen.

The rape of Nest aroused the wrath of the Normans, as well as of the Welsh who had been victimised by Owain and his followers. The truce was broken. The Norman lords, the Justiciar of Salop, and at least one bishop, bribed Owain's Welsh enemies to attack him and his father, which they promptly did. Owain's father tried to persuade him to return Nest, but to no avail. According to Caradoc, Nest told Owain, "If you would have me stay with you and be faithful to you, then send my children home to their father." She secured the return of the children. Owain and his father were driven to seek exile in Ireland. Nest was returned to her husband.

In recent years, Nest has been given two specious children by her rapist, Llywelyn and Einion. In fact, Owain had a brother, but not a son, named Einion, and Welsh geneaologies do not name the mother of Owain's son Llywelyn. The omission of the name of a mother with the highborn status of Nest would be startling, if it were true.

In the 19th century, this "abduction", as well as the fighting which followed, earned Nest the nickname "Helen of Wales". She was depicted at having connived with Owain at her rape and abduction, given more children than she had borne, along with more lovers than she had had.

In 1112, her brother Gruffydd returned from Ireland, spending most of his time with Gerald and Nest. When he was denied his inheritance from his father, and accused to the king of conspiring against him, he allied with the prince of Gwynedd, and war broke out. Owain ap Cadwgan had, by now, been pardoned by the king, and was prince of Powys; in 1111, his father had been assassinated by Owain's cousin and former comrade in arms, Madog ap Rhiryd, whom Owain captured, castrated, and blinded. Being then on the king's good side, Owain was ordered to rendezvous with a Norman force to proceed against Gruffydd. En route, he and his force chanced to run into none other than Gerald FitzWalter. Despite Owain being a royal ally, Gerald chose to avenge his wife's rape, and slew Owain.

Some historians have recently cast doubts on the account, suggesting it may have been revised or rewritten at a later date, by an author who had a motive to both demean Gerald and enhance the reputation of Owain. Thus,"we should hesitate to take it at full face value."

Issue by first marriage

Nest bore five children to Gerald. The two eldest sons married two daughters of Arnulf of Montgomery.

William FitzGerald, Lord of Carew and Emlyn (d. c.1173). By his wife Marie de Montgomery, William was the father of

Odo de Carew
Raymond FitzGerald le Gros
Griffin
Richard
Ralph
William, Justice of Eyre
Robert
Isabella, who m. William Hay (Gulielmus de Haia Wallenisis).

(Note: William Hay is frequently, and incorrectly, noted as an illegitimate son of Nest; the speculation is based on Nest's grandson, Gerald of Wales, naming William as one of the Geraldines, which he was, if only by marriage. William's father is usually given one "Hayt", a Flemish sheriff of Pembroke in 1130.)

Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan, Naas and Maynooth, (died 1 September 1177). By his wife Alice de Montgomery, the sister of Marie, Maurice was the father of
Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly
Alexander
William (1st Baron Naas)
Maurice of Kiltrany
Thomas
Robert
Nest

David FitzGerald, Archdeacon of Cardigan and Bishop of St David's who was the father of:
Milo FitzBishop of Iverk

Angharad, who married (2) William FitzOdo de Barry (William de Barry), by whom she was the mother of
Philip de Barry, founder of Ballybeg Abbey at Buttevant in Ireland
Robert de Barry
Edmond de Barry
Gerald of Wales

Gwladys, mother of
Milo de Cogan

Second Marriage and Issue

After Gerald's death, Nest's sons married her to Stephen, her husband's constable of Cardigan, by whom she had another son, possibly two; the eldest was Robert Fitz-Stephen (d. 1182), one of the Norman conquerors of Ireland; the second son, if such there were, may have been named Hywel. Some sources say that Robert was a bastard. This is unlikely to be the case as Robert's heirs were the de Carew family - the representatives of his eldest half-brother, William de Carew. According to Rev. Barry, they "...should not have gone to them, but to the Crown, if Robert FitzStephen were illegitimate".[6] With Nest's son Maurice FitzGerald, his half-brother, Robert laid siege to the town of Wexford in 1169. With Maurice, he was granted joint custody of the town.

Notes:

Arnulf of Montgomery (c. 1068-1118/1122) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, who played a role in the history of England, Wales, and Ireland.

Lineage

He was the youngest son of Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel de Bellême.

Early career

Around 1093 he was part of the invasion of South Wales following the death in battle of Rhys ap Tewdwr. the last king of South Wales. Arnulf built a castle at Pembroke in West Wales, described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a "slender fortress of turf and stakes" under the command of one of his young officers, Gerald FitzWalter (aka Gerald de Windsor), who held it for Arnulf in the face of the great Welsh uprising of 1093. In 1094 king William II of England rewarded Arnulf with the formal lordship of Pembroke; some historians say that he was in fact created Earl of Pembroke. In any case the lordship was smaller than the later Pembrokeshire.

Arnulf's holdings were greatly expanded in 1096 when Rufus gave him the lordship of Holderness, which in addition to that part of Yorkshire included land in Lincolnshire.

Rebellion & Banishment

It is likely that Arnulf had been designated heir of his brother Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, but after Hugh's death in 1098 Arnulf was outmaneouvered by their eldest brother, Robert of Belleme, 3rd earl of Shrewsbury. This caused some rift between the brothers; nevertheless Arnulf participated in their 1101 rebellion against Henry I of England. As a result, they lost their English and Welsh lands, and were exiled from England.

Ireland

Arnulf turned his attention to Ireland, where, prior to the Montgomery rebellion, he had sent Gerald de Windsor to secure for him the hand in marriage of Lafracoth, daughter of the Irish king Muircheartach Ua Briain; by 1102, Arnulf was mentioned by Muirchertach as his son-in-law in a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury Anselm of Bec. Muirchertach provided support for the Montgomerys' rebellion; as a result King Henry I of England placed a trade embargo on Ireland.

Orderic Vitalis states that Arnulf went to Ireland after the rebellion failed and served for Muirchertach Ua Briain, although the Irish Annals make no mention of this. He further relates that Arnulf was used by Muirchertach to defeat Magnus Barelegs. Then, "when the Irish had tasted blood by killing King Magnus and his companions they grew more unruly and suddently turned to kill the Normans. Their king took his daughter away from Arnulf and gave the wanton girl in unlawful marriage to one of his cousins. He resolved to murder Arnulf himself as a reward for his alliance, but the latter, learning of the execrable plots of this barbarous race, fled to his own people and lived for twenty years afterwards with no fixed abode."

Later life

In later years Arnulf was in the entourage of count Fulk V of Anjou.

A tombstone in Tulsk, Ireland bears the name Arnoulf and the date 1122.

Arnulf died sometime between 1118 and 1122. Some sources list him as having died without issue[1], although other sources list him as having left two daughters.

Arnulf married Lafracota Bef 1103. [Group Sheet]