Notes
Matches 1,351 to 1,400 of 1,662
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| 1351 | She married Cenwealh, King of Wessex, son of Cynegils, King of Wessex. | Unknown (I413)
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| 1352 | She married Crinan, Mormaer of Atholl, son of Duncan, Mormaer of Atholl, circa 1000 in a Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland marriage. She was also known as Beatrix of Scotland. She gained the title of Heiress of Scone. As a result of her marriage, Bethoc of Scotland was styled as Lady of Atholl. Bethóc ingen MaÃl Coluim meic Cináeda was the eldest daughter of King Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, who had no known sons. The strongest hereditary claim of succession to the Scottish throne therefore passed through Bethóc. Princess Bethóc married CrÃnán, Abbot of Dunkeld. The first son of this marriage was Donnchad I, who ascended to the throne of Scotland in 1034. Early writers have asserted that Máel Coluim also designated Donnchad as his successor under the rules of tanistry because there were other possible claimants to the throne. | of Scotland, Bethoc (I184)
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| 1353 | She married David of Scotland, 9th Earl of Huntingdon, son of Henry of Huntingdon, Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne, on 26 August 1190. She was also known as Maud. | of Chester, Matilda (I3790)
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| 1354 | She married Donnell More, King of Thomond. | Urlachan (I4278)
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| 1355 | She married Ealdfrið, King of Northumbria, son of Oswiu, King of Northumbria and FÃn. She and Ealdfrið, King of Northumbria were separated. | Cuthburh (I917)
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| 1356 | She married Eberhard, Count of Norgau. | Edgiva (I1499)
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| 1357 | She married Ecgfrið, King of Northumbria, son of Oswiu, King of Northumbria and Eanflæd, circa 667. | Æthelthryth (I4532)
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| 1358 | She married Edwin, King of Northumbria, son of Ælle, King of Deira, in 625. | Æthelberg (I3172)
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| 1359 | She married Ethelred, Earl of Mercia in 886. | Elfleda (I2260)
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| 1360 | She married Florent III, Comte de Hollande, son of Dirk VI, Comte de Hollande, circa 1162. Ada of Huntingdon (circa 1146 - after 1206) was a Scottish noblewoman and Countess of Holland by marriage. Ada was born in Scotland, the daughter of Henry of Huntingdon (1114-1152) and Ada de Warenne (died circa 1178). Henry was the son of King David I of Scotland and Maud, Countess of Huntingdon, and Ada's siblings include the Scottish kings Malcolm IV and William the Lion. In 1162 she was asked for her hand in marriage to Floris III, Count of Holland (circa 1132-1190) by the Abbot of Egmond, Holland. Together, the Abbot and Ada traveled back to Holland, where the wedding ceremony occurred, probably in Egmond, on 28 August 1162. Ada received the County of Ross in the Scottish Highlands as a wedding gift. Ada was not actively involved in the governance of the County of Holland but was occasionally mentioned in documents. Floris, her husband was a loyal ally of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, and often went with him into battle. Dutch chronicler Melis Stoke states that she supported her son in the war with William of Cleves during the War of Succession. In addition, Ada is known to have read Latin. Ada died after 1206 and was probably buried in the Abbey of Middelburg, to which she had already made donations of £64. Ada and Floris had 8 or 10 children, of whom some died young, including the following issue: Ada (died after 1205), married 1176 Margrave Otto I of Brandenburg Margaret (died after 1203), married 1182 Count Dietrich IV of Cleves Dirk VII, Count of Holland William I, Count of Holland Floris (died 1210), bishop of Glasgow Baldwin (died 1204) Robert Beatrix Elisabeth Hedwig Agnes (died 1228), Abbess at Rijnsburg | of Huntingdon, Ada (I623)
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| 1361 | She married Frederic I, Duc de Lorraine, son of Wigeric, Duc de Haute-Lorraine and Kunigunde, in 955. | Capet, Beatrice (I2099)
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| 1362 | She married Galfridus, son of Johannes. | Unknown (I3092)
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| 1363 | She married Guillaume VIII, Duc d'Aquitaine, son of Guillaume V, Duc d'Aquitaine and Agnes de Bourgogne, circa 1068. | of Burgundy, Hildegarde (I2146)
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| 1364 | She married Henri d'Estouteville, Seigneur d'Estouteville et Cleuville, son of Robert III d'Estouteville, Seigneur d'Estouteville et Valmont and Leonelle de Remmes. | Hastings, Matilda (I1282)
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| 1365 | She married Henry of Huntingdon, Earl of Huntingdon, son of David I 'the Saint', King of Scotland and Maud of Northumberland, circa 1139. She was also known as Adama de Warenne. She was also known as Adeline de Warenne. Ada de Warenne (or Adeline de Varenne) (c. 1120-1178) was the Anglo-Norman wife of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Northumbria and Earl of Huntingdon. She was the daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey by Elizabeth of Vermandois, and a great-granddaughter of Henry I of France. She became mother to two Kings of Scots, Malcolm the Maiden and William the Lion. Marriage and motherhood Ada and Henry were married in England in 1139. They had seven children: Malcolm IV, King of Scots. William the Lion, King of Scots Margaret of Huntingdon married 1) Conan IV, Duke of Brittany and 2) Humphrey III de Bohun. David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon married Mathilda (Maud) of Chester. Through their daughter, Isobel, they were the direct ancestors of the renowned Scottish King, Robert the Bruce. Matilda of Huntingdon, born and died 1152. Marjorie of Huntingdon, married Gille CrÃst, Earl of Angus. Ada of Huntingdon, married Count Floris III of Holland. As part of her marriage settlement, the new Countess Ada was granted the privileges of Haddington, amongst others in East Lothian. Previously the seat of a thanage Haddington is said to be the first Royal burgh in Scotland, created by Countess Ada's father-in-law, David I of Scotland, who held it along with the church and a mill. In close succession both her husband and King David died, in 1152 and 1153 respectively. Following the death of Henry, who was buried at Kelso Abbey, King David arranged for his grandson to succeed him, and at Scone on 27 May 1153, the twelve year old was declared Malcolm IV, King of Scots. Following his coronation, Malcolm installed his brother William as Earl of Northumbria (although this county was "restored" to King Henry II of England by Malcolm in 1157), and the young dowager-Countess retired to her lands at Haddington. On Thursday 9 December 1165 King Malcolm died at the age of 25 without issue. His mother had at that time been attempting to arrange a marriage between him and Constance, daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, but Malcolm died before the wedding could be celebrated.[5] One of Ada's daughters, Margaret, was married twice: (1) 1160, Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond (d.1171) (2) Humphrey III de Bohun of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Hereditary Constable of England. Following his brother's death Ada's younger son William became King of Scots at the age of twenty two. William the Lion was to become the longest serving King of Scots until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Church patroness Religious houses were established in Haddington at an early date. They came to include the Blackfriars (who came into Scotland in 1219) and most notably the Church of the Greyfriars, or Minorites (came into Scotland in the reign of Alexander II), which would become famous as "Lucerna Laudoniae"- The Lamp of Lothian, the toft of land upon which it stands being granted by King David I of Scotland to the Prior of St. Andrews (to whom the patronage of the church of Haddington belonged). David I also granted to the monks of Dunfermline "unam mansuram" in Haddington, as well as to the monks of Haddington a full toft "in burgo meo de Hadintun, free of all custom and service." Ada devoted her time to good works, improving the lot of the Church at Haddington, where she resided. Countess Ada gave lands to the south and west of the River Tyne near to the only crossing of the river for miles, to found a Convent of Cistercian Nuns ("white nuns") dedicated to St. Mary, in what was to become the separate Burgh of Nungate, the extant remains are still to be seen in the ruined parish church of St. Martin. The nunnery she endowed with the lands of Begbie, at Garvald and Keith Marischal amongst other temporal lands. Miller, however, states that she only "founded and richly endowed a nunnery at the Abbey of Haddington" and that "Haddington, as demesne of the Crown, reverted to her son William the Lion upon her death". Haddington seat According to inscriptions within the town of Haddington, Countess Ada's residence was located near the present day County buildings and Sheriff Court. Countess Ada died in 1178 and is thought to be buried locally. Her remaining dower-lands were brought back into the Royal desmesne and William the Lion's wife, Ermengarde de Beaumont, is said to have taken to her bed in Countess Ada's house to bear the future Alexander II. Miller states that when the future King was born in Haddington in 1198 it took place "in the palace of Haddington". | de Warenne, Ada (I2725)
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| 1366 | She married Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel, son of William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Mabel of Chester, in 1234. As a result of her marriage, Isabel de Warenne was styled as Countess of Arundel in 1234. | de Warenne, Isabel (I827)
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| 1367 | She married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford, son of Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Isabel de Bolebec, circa 1222. Her married name became de Vere. | de Quincy, Hawise (I233)
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| 1368 | She married Humphrey Dacre, 1st Lord Dacre (of Gilsland), son of Thomas Dacre, 6th Lord Dacre and Lady Philippe Neville. | Parr, Mabel (I3311)
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| 1369 | She married John de Balliol, son of Hugh de Balliol, Lord of Bywell and Cecily de Fontaines, in 1233. | de Galloway, Devorguilla (I3093)
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| 1370 | She married John de Grey, 2nd Lord Grey (of Wilton), son of Sir Reynold de Grey, 1st Lord Grey (of Wilton) and Maud de Longchamp. Her married name became de Grey. She was also known as Maud Basset. | de Verdun, Matilda (I266)
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| 1371 | She married Josselin de Courtenay, Seigneur de Courtenay, son of Athon de Courtenay, Seigneur de Courtenay, circa 1060. | de Gâtinais, Hildegarde (I2126)
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| 1372 | She married Louis d'Aquitaine, Roi d'Arles before 923. | Eadgifu (I2537)
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| 1373 | She married Louis V, Roi de France, son of Lothair, Roi de France and Emma of Italy, circa 982. Adelaide (c. 947-1026), called the White, was the daughter of Fulk II of Anjou and Gerberga. She was therefore the sister of Geoffrey Greymantle. She was married five times to some of France's most important noblemen. Her first marriage, probably before 960, was to Stephen, Viscount of Gévaudan. Her second marriage was to Raymond III, Count of Toulouse and Prince of Gothia, in 975. He died in 978. In 982, she married Louis V of France, the young son of Lothair of France, and the two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine on the same day at Brioude. The large difference in age between the spouses was cause for a quick divorce in 984. She fled then to Arles, where she contracted, against papal advice, a marriage with William I of Provence in 984. She gave him a daughter, Constance of Arles, who later married Robert II of France. Her final marriage was to Otto-William, Count of Burgundy. | of Anjou, Adelaide-Blanche (I3480)
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| 1374 | She married Nicholas Towerson. | Curwen, Margaret (I2643)
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| 1375 | She married Peter de Preaux. | d'Estouteville, Isabel (I3088)
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| 1376 | She married Raymond le Gros fitz William, son of William fitz Gerald. | de Clare, Basilea (I4561)
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| 1377 | She married Renaud I de Nevers, Comte de Nevers on 25 January 1016. She was also known as Advisa de France. | de France, Hedwig (I3321)
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| 1378 | She married Robert de Brewes, Lord of Annandale, son of William de Brus, Lord of Annandale and Beatrice de Teyden. | of Huntingdon, Lady Isabella (I453)
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| 1379 | She married Robert de Newburn. She married William FitzWilliam. | de Warenne, Ela (I379)
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| 1380 | She married Robert de Ros. | of Huntingdon, Isabella (I3887)
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| 1381 | She married Robert fitz Swein of Essex. She married Haimo de St. Clair. | le Bigod, Gunnora (I1808)
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| 1382 | She married Robert fitz Walter, 1st Lord FitzWalter, son of Sir Walter fitz Robert and Ida Longespée, in 1289. | de Ferrers, Alianore (I554)
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| 1383 | She married Roger de Mortimer, Lord of Wigmore, son of Ralph de Mortimer and Gwladus Du ferch Llywelyn, in 1247. She died circa 23 March 1300. She was also known as Maud de Braose. | de Braose, Maud (I557)
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| 1384 | She married Roger le Bigod, son of Roger le Bigod. | de Tosny, Alice (I3736)
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| 1385 | She married Run Macarthagail, King of Strathclyde. | MacAlpin, Unknown (I2107)
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| 1386 | She married Siedda, King of Essex. | Ricula (I3619)
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| 1387 | She married Sigurd II, Jarl of Orkney circa 1008. She married Findlaech MacRory, Mormaer of Moray. | of Alba, Donalda (I2562)
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| 1388 | She married Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton, son of Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton and Maud of Northumberland. She married Gervase Paynell. | de Beaumont, Isabella (I4103)
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| 1389 | She married Sir de St. Reme de Riviere. | Hastings, Margaret (I1281)
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| 1390 | She married Sir Frank de Bohun. | de Ferrers, Sibyl (I3202)
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| 1391 | She married Sir Henry de Hastings before 7 June 1237. | of Huntingdon, Ada (I1940)
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| 1392 | She married Sir John de Ferrers, 1st Lord Ferrers (of Chartley), son of Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby and Alianor de Bohun, circa 1301. | Muscegros, Hawise (I551)
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| 1393 | She married Sir John de Stanley, son of William de Stanley and Alice Massey, before 1385. From before 1385, her married name became de Stanley. | Lathom, Isabel (I1099)
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| 1394 | She married Sir William de Lindesay, son of Walter de Lindesay. She married Gilchrist, 4th Earl of Angus, son of Gillbride, 2nd Earl of Angus, after 1200. Her married name became de Lindesay. She was also known as Marjorie of Huntingdon. | Huntingdon, Margaret of (I3886)
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| 1395 | She married Sir William Lancaster, son of Thomas Lancaster and Christian Salkeld. | Strickland, Margaret (I2557)
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| 1396 | She married Stephen II Henry, Comte de Blois, son of Thibaud III, Comte de Blois and Gersende de Maine, in 1080 at Breteuil, France, in a, and again in 1081 at the Chartres Cathedral marriage. She was buried at Abbey of the Holy Trinity, Caen, Normandy, France. She was a nun circa 1122 at Cluniac Priory, Marcigny-sur-Loire, France. She has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography. Dictionary of National Biography Adela 1062?-1137, mother of Stephen, king of England, and the fourth, and probably the youngest, daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, was born about 1062. Her beauty and valour in her early years are described by many contemporary Norman chroniclers. While she was still a child she was affianced to Simon Crispin, earl of Amiens, the son and heir of Ralph, earl of Valois and Mantes, who received his military training at the court of William the Conqueror. But soon after his father's death in 1074 Simon fell into a settled melancholy; and on being summoned in 1077 to marry Adela, he refused, and withdrew to a monastery. But already in 1075 Adela had been demanded in marriage by Stephen, earl of Meaux and Brie, son and heir of Theobald, earl of Blois and Chartres, a powerful neighbour of William the Conqueror in Normandy; and although Stephen's suit had at first been unfavourably received, it was repeated in 1080, and readily accepted by William and his nobles. Adela was married in the same year at Breteuil, and the ceremony was repeated with much splendour at Chartres, the chief town in her father-in-law's dominion. Baldric of Anjou, abbot of Bourgeuil, and other courtly poets, speak of her at the time as being her father's equal in bravery, a Latin and Greek scholar, and a generous patron of poetry, at which she was herself an adept (Histoire Littéraire de la France, vii. 152, ix. 131). In 1090, on the death of Theobald, her husband's father, Stephen succeeded to his rule, and Adela played an active part in public life. In most of the charters issued by Stephen her name was mentioned, and an inscription, until recently legible, on a gate at Blois testifies to a grant of privileges to the town from Stephen the Earl and Adela the Countess conjointly. Disputes between monasteries, and ecclesiastical affairs generally, she seems to have controlled by her own authority, with the aid of her intimate friend Ivo, bishop of Chartres. It was through her energy and beneficence that the cathedral of Chartres was rebuilt in stone, and freed from all taxation on condition that anniversary services should be performed for ever in honour of her husband and herself. With Hildebert, bishop of Mans, she maintained throughout her married life very friendly relations, and many of his letters to her on ecclesiastical subjects are still extant. In 1095 her husband, at her desire, left Blois to join the first crusade, and she was nominated regent in his absence. At the moment she was much occupied with domestic duties. A large family was growing up about her, and although she sent her two eldest sons, William and Theobald, to a monastic school at Orleans, the rest she zealously educated herself. But she contrived to perform her public business with due thoroughness. In you, wrote Bishop Hildebert to her, is all that is needed to guide the helm of the state. She aided Louis VI of France with a hundred soldiers, equipped under her supervision, to repress a rebellion about 1096. In 1097 she entertained Anselm, while passing from England to Rome during his quarrel with her brother William II, and became his pupil in order to benefit her children by the instruction she obtained of him. In 1098 Adela was taken seriously ill, and she piously attributed her recovery to the intercession of St. Agiles, before whose shrine, in a chapel of Resbac in La Brie, she had her couch placed at a very critical moment of her sickness. About 1099 her husband returned home; he had behaved with doubtful courage in an attempt to raise the siege of Antioch, and Adela resented his disgrace. In 1101 she induced him to join William, earl of Poitou, in a second expedition to the Holy Land, where he was slain fighting at the siege of Ramula. After her husband's death, Adela continued in the regency in behalf of her sons, all of whom were still in their minority; she frequently, however, associated their names, and especially that of Theobald, the second son and deemed by her the most able of her children, with her own in official documents. Between 1103 and 1105 Anselm was often her guest. He stayed with her from the spring to the autumn of 1103, and when he, with Eadmer, came from Rome to Blois some months later, he stated to Adela his grounds of dispute about investitures with her brother, Henry I. She attempted to arbitrate between them; she summoned Henry and Anselm to meet her at the castle of L'Aigle in Normandy, and there a temporary reconciliation was arranged. On 24 May 1105, Anselm, in a letter to the pope, praises highly Adela's skill in the mediation. About the same time the countess granted an asylum at her court to Agnes of Ponthieux, the ill-used wife of the Norman baron, Robert of Belesme. In 1107 Adela was engaged in a quarrel with Ivo of Chartres, as to the qualifications for admission to the chief monastery of his diocese, and Pope Pascal, who had been visiting the king of France, came to Adela at Chartres to settle the dispute. Anselm had already addressed him in the countess's behalf, but Pascal decided the question in favour of Ivo. Nevertheless Adela gave him a sumptuous reception, and he celebrated Easter in her dominions. In 1108 Adela received Boemund of Antioch, an enthusiastic crusader, and at her earnest request he celebrated his marriage with Constance, daughter of Philip I of France, at Chartres. Later in 1108 Hugh of Puiset, a powerful neighbour, attacked Adela, and she, with her son Theobald, went to Paris to demand aid of Philip I. The request was granted, and Hugh was defeated by the joint forces of France and Blois. In 1109 Adela resigned the government to Theobald. She passed over her eldest son William as mentally and physically Theobald's inferior. In accordance with a previous suggestion of Anselm, she spent the last years of her life in a convent. She took the veil at the Cluniac priory of Marcigny on the Loire, in the diocese of Autun. But the countess for some years afterwards still exerted herself in public affairs. She induced Count Theobald to ally himself with his uncle Henry I against France in 1117-8. She continued to bestow munificent gifts on monasteries and churches, especially on that of Ste. Foy at Colomiers, her favourite retreat; and she settled many clerical disputes. She urged Hugh of Fleury to write his valuable chronicle of French history, which was dedicated to her niece, the Empress Matilda, after her death. She corresponded with Hildebert of Mans, and visited Thurstan, archbishop of York, when he passed through France to appeal to Rome in his quarrel with the archbishop of Canterbury; in 1135 she received from Peter, abbot of Clugny, a full account of the death of her brother, Henry I. She died in 1187 at the age of about seventy-five, and was buried at Caen beside her mother and her sister Cecilia in the abbey of the Holy Trinity. Her grave bore the inscription Adela, filia regis. Of Adela's children, William, the eldest son, played a very unimportant part in history. Theobald, her successor, proved a capable ruler; he named his only daughter Adela, and she became the wife of Louis VII of France, and mother of Philip Augustus. The countess in 1114 sent Stephen, her third son, to the court of Henry I, and she lived long enough to see him crowned king of England. Her sons, Henry and Philip, she devoted to the church, and the former became an eminent bishop of Winchester, while the latter held the see of Chalons. Another son, Humbert, died young, and of a seventh, Eudo, mentioned in one of Adela's charters, nothing is known beyond the name. Of Adela's daughters, Matilda married Ralph, earl of Chester, and, with her husband and her cousin Prince William, was drowned in the White Ship in 1120. Adela married Milo de Brai, lord of Montlheri and viscount of Troyes, a marriage that Ivo of Chartres subsequently annulled on the ground of consanguinity. Some authorities mention two other daughters, Alice, who became the wife of Reynald III, earl of Joigni, and Eleanora, the wife of Raoul, earl of Vermandois (L'Art de vérifier, xi. 362-3). Sources: Ordericus Vitalis, Historia Ecclesiastica, is the chief contemporary authority. The best account of Adela's life will be found in Mrs. Green's Lives of the Princesses of England, i. 34-72, where very full references to all the original authorities are given see also Freeman's Norman Conquest, iii. and iv., and his William Rufus. Contributor: S. L. [Sidney Lee] Published: 1885 Adela of Normandy also known as Adela of Blois and Adela of England (c. 1062 or 1067 - 8 March 1137) was, by marriage, Countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux. She was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. She was also the mother of Stephen, King of England and Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester. Family Her birthdate is generally believed to have been between 1060 and 1064; however, there is some evidence she was born after her father's accession to the English throne in 1066. She was the favourite sister of King Henry I of England; they were probably the youngest of the Conqueror's children. Adela was a high-spirited and educated woman, with a knowledge of Latin. Marriage She married Stephen Henry, son and heir to the count of Blois, in 1080[1]. Stephen inherited Blois, Chartres and Meaux in 1089, and owned over 300 properties, making him one of the wealthiest men of his day. He was a pious and revered leader who managed huge areas of France which he inherited from his father and added to by his sharp administrations. He was, essentially a king in his own right. Stephen-Henry joined the First Crusade, along with his brother-in-law Robert Curthose. Stephen's letters to Adela form a uniquely intimate insight into the experiences of the Crusade's leaders. The Count of Blois returned to France in 1100 bringing with him several cartloads of maps, jewels and other treasures, which he deposited at Chartres. He was, however, under an obligation to the pope for agreements made years earlier and returned to Antioch to participate in the crusade of 1101. He was ultimately killed in an ill-advised charge at the Battle of Ramla. Issue Adela and Stephen's children are listed here as follows. Their birth order is uncertain. William, Count of Sully married Agnes of Sully (d. aft 1104) and had issue Odo of Blois, aka Humbert. died young Theobald II, aka Thibaud IV Count of Champagne Lithuise, Lady of Montlhéry (d. 1118) married Milo I of Montlhéry(Divorced 1115) King Stephen of England, married Matilda of Boulogne Lucia-Mahaut, Countess of Chester, married Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester. Both drowned on 25 November 1120 Philip (d. 1100) Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne Agnes de Puiset, married Hugh de Puiset and were parents to Hugh de Puiset Alix of Joigni (d. 1145) married Renaud III of Joigni (d.1134) & had issue Henry, Bishop of Winchester b.1101- d. 1171 oblate child raised at Cherite sur Loire (Cluny Abbey) 1103 Eléonore, Countess of Vermandois (d. 1147) married Raoul I of Vermandois (d.1152) and had issue, they were divorced in 1142 Regent Adela filled in as regent for her husband's duties during his extended absence as a leader of the First Crusade (1095-1098). During the expedition he wrote her two letters containing news about the crusaders' activities. He returned to Blois and ruled his vast holdings until he was asked to fulfill an earlier pledge to defend Jerusalem. He was killed in an ill-advised battle charge at Ramalah in 1101 during this second expedition. Adela again acted as regent after her husband's death. Orderic Vitalis praises her as a "wise and spirited woman" who ably governed her husband's estates and her own. Her combined estates in 1102-1110 nearly exceeded the wealth of the King of France at that time. Adela, a devout Benedictine sympathizer, employed several high-ranking tutors to educate her children including troubadour poets, as well as Peter Abelard and Peter of Morlait. Her youngest son, Henry, was conceived during the single year Stephen was in France between crusading duties. At two years of age Henry was pledged to the Church at Cluny, Chreit sur Loire as an Oblate child. Henry turned out to be a great genius, who went on to be appointed Abbot of Glastonbury and Bishop of Winchester which eventually made him far more powerful than the king and wealthier than anyone in England. In that capacity he sponsored hundreds of constructions including bridges, canals, palaces, forts, castles and whole villages. In addition, Bishop Henry built dozens of abbeys and chapels and sponsored books including the treasured Winchester Bible. Adela quarrelled with her eldest son William, who was described by unsympathetic authors, as: "deficient in intelligence as well as degenerate". Recent research indicates that he was boisterous and prone to violent bouts of temper but was not degenerate or retarded. Adela appointed his younger brother Theobald to replace him as heir in 1107. Her son Stephen moved to London in 1111 to join his uncle's court and became the favorite of his uncle King Henry I (Beauclerc). Upon Beauclerc's death in Normandy (1135), Stephen of Blois seized the English throne. He was crowned King when his cousin Empress Matilda failed to act quickly. This action led to numerous battles and an era known as "The Anarchy." Adela retired to Marcigny Convent in 1120. Later that same year, her daughter Lucia-Mahaut, was drowned in the wreck of the White Ship alongside her husband. Adela lived long enough to see her son Stephen on the English throne, and took pride in the ascension of her youngest child Henry Blois to the bishopric of Winchester. She died on 8 March 1137 in Marsilly, Poitou-Charentes, France. | of Normandy, Adela (I1682)
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| 1397 | She married Theobald Butler, son of Theobald Butler and Margery de Burgh, before 1268. She died from 25 February 1303 to 26 May 1303. From before 1268, her married name became Butler. | fitz John, Joan (I940)
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| 1398 | She married Theobald Verdun, 1st Lord Verdun, son of John de Verdun and Margaret de Lacy, before 6 November 1276. From before 6 November 1276, her married name became Verdun. | de Bohun, Margery (I553)
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| 1399 | She married Theuderic III of the Franks. | of Heristal, Clotilda (I1568)
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| 1400 | She married Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Lord Berkeley, son of Sir Maurice de Berkeley and Isabel FitzRoy, in 1267. | de Ferrers, Joan (I3096)
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