Notes
Matches 1,551 to 1,600 of 1,662
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| 1551 | The Bellinghams of Berkshire and Wiltshire are descended from John. | Bellingham, John (I1128)
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| 1552 | The eldest of Sir Richard Salkeld's five daughters and coheirs. Subsequent to the death of her husband, Sir Christopher Curwen, Katherine claimed to have had eight children by him, but Isabella is the only one of whom we have a record. | Salkeld, Katherine (I4161)
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| 1553 | The first Bigod to appear in history is Robert le Bigod, a poor Knight, who gained the favour of William, Duke of Normandy, by informing him of the intended treachery of William Werlenc, Count of Mortain. Robert held the lands of Malitot, Loges and Chanon in Normandy and served Duke William as one of his seneschals. He is described at the Battle of Hastings as; "Small of body, but brave and bold, he assaulted the English gallantly". | le Bigod, Roger (I3735)
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| 1554 | The House of Clifford, chapter 10. Succeeded his father as Lord of the Manors of Tenbury and Bruges (but still only a minor) In 1250 he accompanied Richard De Clare, Earl of Gloucester, on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James at Compostella in Spain. In 1255 he was made Lord of Mapledurham in Oxfordshire. But in 1262 he was forbidden to joust or appear in arms because of his part in urging the King to observe the Oxford Provisions. But at same time he was placed in command of royal castles of Ludgershall and Marlborough. He participated in the 1264-8 Baron's war against Henry III but reverted back to the King and left the other Baron's to take the consequences. Following the capture of Henry III and Prince Edward by Simon De Montfort in May 1264 Roger Clifford and his friend Roger De Leybourne engineered the Prince's escape from Hereford castle and they fought for the Prince at Evesham and librated the King. Roger was granted custody of all the forests south of the Trent and estates in Warwickshire and Leicestershire as well as the wardship and Married of one of the two Vipont sisters for his son. He was granted manor of Birmingham in 1266 and in 1270? he went on crusade with Prince Edward. On their return the now King Edward I appointed him sole justiciar of Wales to bring all of the Welsh under English law. Roger set about with severity and in 1282 David, brother of Prince Llywelyn, led a rising in which Roger Clifford was wounded and taken prisoner. He was liberated but died in or around 1285 from his wounds. | Clifford, Sir Roger (I5776)
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| 1555 | The House of Clifford, chapter 6. Became incabable or senile (p30). Walter II de Clifford (c. 1160 - 17 January 1221) was a Welsh Marcher Lord and High Sheriff in England. He was born in Clifford Castle, near Hay-on-Wye, Herefordshire the son of Walter I de Clifford (1113-1190). Walter served as High Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1199,1207-1208 and 1216. He was a close associate of William de Braose and although he held back from William's rebellion in March 1208, was not thought to have done enough to check it. As a result King John dismissed him from his Marcher barony of Clifford and made his son Walter III de Clifford de facto lord instead. Family Walter had married Agnes Cundy of Kent in 1185 and was succeeded by his sons, Walter III de Clifford (c1190-c1263) and Roger Clifford, who founded the line of Northumbrian Cliffords. He had at least three other sons, Giles, Richard and Simon, as well as daughters Maud, Basilia and Cecilia. | Clifford, Walter Baron Clifford (I5778)
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| 1556 | The Jersey Express General Almanac & Directory for 1865 G J Bosdet High Street, St Aubins | Bosdet, George John (I1988)
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| 1557 | The National Archives of the UK (TNA) | Source (S21)
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| 1558 | The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) | Source (S481)
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| 1559 | The Norman family of Nevill came from Teutonic stock. Baldrick was Lord of Bacqueville en Caux under Duke William. He married a niece of Gilbert Compte De Brionne, a grandson of duke Richard I who was regent of Normandy in 1040. | Baldrick Lord of Bacqueville en Caux (I5706)
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| 1560 | The Obituary Daily Times, : The Obituary Daily Times | Source (S344)
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| 1561 | The son of Eustace FitzJohn. He married into the de Lacy family of Yorkshire. | FitzEustace, Richard (Robert) 5th Baron Lacy (I5108)
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| 1562 | The son of James & Rebecca Hibbs, of 32 Rouge Bouillon, St Helier. One of fourteen children, his mother died when he was just 14-years-old. Educated at Victoria College, Jersey, he won the King's History Prize in 1911 and two years later obtained a scholarship to take Modern History at Exeter College, Oxford. When war broke out in August1914, he applied for and received a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Town Battalion of the Jersey Militia and later volunteered to join the Jersey Company when it formed in December that year. After training in Ireland and Aldershot, he was attached to the Machine Gun Section of 7th Royal Irish Rifles, taking command of that unit in February 1916. In March1916, while resting and training in the village of Lapugnoy with the Jersey Company, he died at the 18th Casualty Clearing Station after a short illness, possibly blood poisoning. Youngest son of James & the late Rebecca Hibbs of 60 New Street, St Helier, Jersey. Died of blood poisoning, aged 21 years. Educated at Victoria College & Exeter College, Oxford NEWS ITEM in Jersey Evening Post of Wednesday 22 March 1916 Death of Lieutenant L B Hibbs, Jersey Company Royal Irish Rifles. We regret to have to announce the death of Lieutenant L B Hibbs of the Jersey Company of 7th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles. The bare official notification has been received by the family stating that further details will be forwarded in due course. Lieutenant Hibbs volunteered for active service when the Mother Country's appeal was first made and left with the Jersey Contingent on Tuesday 2 March 1915. He visited the Island some time ago prior to his Battalion's proceeding to France. He was an Old Victorian and was highly esteemed by everyone. We offer our condolences to the members of the family. NEWS ITEM in Jersey Evening Post of Monday 27 March 1916 The Late Lieutenant L B Hibbs - the Cause of Death. Sergeant W F Marshall of the Jersey Company Royal Irish Rifles, brother-in-law of the late Lieutenant Hibbs, arrived in the Island on Saturday from "somewhere in France" having been granted special leave to bring further particulars of the death of the popular young officer. It appears that Lieutenant Hibbs was taken ill last weekend and was at once removed to a Clearing Hospital, here everything possible was done for him and two specialists summoned, but despite all that medical science could suggest the officer did not rally and lapsing into unconsciousness passed away on Tuesday last. The actual cause of death being something of a mystery, but in all probability blood poisoning, how this was contracted being unknown. The sad news has cast quite a gloom over the Company who attended next day at full strength to pay their last respects at the obsequies which were with full Military Honours. Mr James Hibbs, the father of the deceased officer, has received a number of letters expressing sympathy amongst them being one from Major W O Stocker, Officer Commanding the Jersey Company, the following being an extract "Your son was very dear to me, we all turned out yesterday at his burial and I can assure it was very sad for all who knew him and has cast a gloom over the whole Company." The Colonel commanding the Company also wrote as follows "22 March 1916. Dear Mr Hibbs, Your son was so popular with all the officers and men of this Battalion that we can sincerely sympathise with you in your loss. He had already attracted notice in the trenches by his pluck and devotion to duty, in him I have lost a friend and a very keen young officer who knew his work and did it well. On behalf of the whole Battalion I offer you our deepest sympathy. Yours very sincerely, S G FRANCIS, Lieutenant Colonel Commanding 7th RIR." In the course of a letter of sympathy Captain Bird the Chaplain of the Battalion writes "We all admired your son's great mental gifts and his absolute thoroughness and independence of character, fearless straight forward and noble, it will be difficult to find his like." The family, we feel sure, have the full sympathy of our readers in their very sad loss Notice of Death appears in Jersey Evening Post of Tuesday 28 March 1916 NEWS ITEM in Jersey Evening Post of Thursday 30 March 1916 The Late Lieutenant L B Hibbs. The father of the late Lieutenant Hibbs of the Jersey Company Royal Irish Rifles has received the following letter of sympathy from the King and Queen. "The King and Queen deeply regret the loss you and the Army have sustained by the death of your son in the service of his Country. Their Majesties truly sympathise with you in your sorrow. Keeper of the Privy Purse to J Hibbs Esq, 60 New Street, St Helier, Jersey." NEWS ITEM in Jersey Evening Post of Thursday 12 April 1917 Memorial to the Late Lieutenant L B Hibbs. The family of the late Lieutenant L B Hibbs of the Jersey Company Royal Irish Rifles have presented a holy water stoop to St Simons Church in memory of the officer, who was formerly a server at the church. The stoop, which has been erected inside the church near the entrance, was blessed on Easter Eve. | Hibbs, Lawrence Bosdet (I3708)
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| 1563 | The son of Richard FitzEustace. He was a Governor in Ireland for Henry II. Being a patron of science, he maintained an astronomer at Halton Castle. He founded a Cistercian monastery at Stanlow. In 1190 he granted the second known charter for a ferry at Runcorn Gap. He served with Richard I in the Third Crusade and died at the siege of Tyre | FitzRichard, John (I5107)
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| 1564 | At least one living or private individual is linked to this note - Details withheld. | Mossop, Dennis Edwin (I1918)
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| 1565 | The Unruochings (French: Unrochides; German: Unruochinger) were a Frankish noble family who established themselves in Italy. The family is named for the first member to come to prominence, Unruoch II of Friuli (floruit early 9th century). The family members held various titles in northern Italy, including Margrave and Duke of Friuli, one of the lordships established on the eastern Marches of the Frankish Empire. The March of Friuli was considerably larger than modern Friuli, covering much of the modern Veneto and as far west as the Province of Brescia in Lombardy. The family's main landholdings, however, were in modern France, north of the River Seine, and southern Belgium. The family monastery, the centre of their power, was at Cysoing, near Tournai. King Berengar I of Italy belonged to this family. Berengar left no male heirs, but the descendants of his daughter Gisela and Adalbert I of Ivrea including their son Berengar II of Italy, Berengar II's son Adalbert, and Adalbert's son Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy, are counted among the Unruochings. Noted members of the family in the direct line included: Unruoch II of Friuli (floruit early 9th century) Berengar the Wise (died 835) Eberhard of Friuli (died 866) Unruoch III of Friuli (died c. 874) Berengar I of Italy (died 924) | Unruoch II of Friuli (I5033)
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| 1566 | Theobald I (913-978), called the Trickster (le Tricheur meaning cheater), was the first count of Blois, Chartres, and Châteaudun as well as count of Tours. Life Theobald I was the son of Theobald le Vieux of Blois, who from 908 on was viscomte of Tours. His wife, and the mother of Theobald was Richildis, a great-granddaughter of Rorgon I, Count of Maine. Theobald I was initially a vassal of Hugh the Great, Duke of France. Around 945, Louis IV was captured by Northmen and given over to Hugh the Great, who placed the king in Theobald's custody. After about a year in his vassal's custody king Louis negotiated his freedom by offering Hugh the city of Laon which Hugh then gave to Theobald. Theobald was the count of Tours from 942, was also count of Blois and in 960 count of Châteaudun and Chartres. Theobald's sister had married Alan II of Nantes giving Theobald influence all the way to Rennes. However the death of Alan II left a void in Brittany and left it vulnerable to encroachment by either the Normans or the Angevins. Theobald made an alliance with Fulk II of Anjou which gave him control of Saumur a strategic citadel located between the Loire and Thouet rivers guarding the Angevin march. This included control of the monastery of Saint-Florent inside the walls of Saumur. In turn the recently widowed Fulk married Theobald's sister, the widow of Alan II of Nantes. In 960, he began opposing Richard I of Normandy and entered into a long war with the Normans. In 961, he attacked Évreux. The Normans responded by attacking Dunois. In 962, he launched an assault on Rouen which failed. The Normans burned Chartres in response. He took control of the fortresses of Saint-Aignan in the Loir-et-Cher, Vierzon, and Anguillon in Berry. During the minority of Hugh Capet, he reinforced Chartres and Châteaudun. By his death, he had built a vast power on the Loire, dominating central France. About 943-44, he married Luitgarde of Vermandois, widow of William I of Normandy. She was the daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois and Hildebrand of France, daughter of king Robert I of France. Her half-brother was Hugh the Great Duke of France. Family He and his wife Luitgarde of Vermandois had four children: Theobald (d. 962). Hugh, Archbishop of Bourges (d. 985). Odo (d. 995). Emma (d. aft. 1003), married William IV of Aquitaine. | Theobald I Count of Blois (I5463)
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| 1567 | Theobald III of Blois (French: Thibaut) (1012-1089) was count of Blois, Meaux and Troyes. He was son of Odo II, Count of Blois and Ermengarde of Auvergne. Theobald inherited amongst others the counties of Blois, Tours, Chartres. Châteaudun and Sancerre, and also in Champagne: Château-Thierry, Provins and St. Florentin. His brother Stephen inherited the counties of Meaux, Troyes and Vitry-le-François. Theobald conspired against the king of France Henry I, was beaten in 1044 and had to give up the county of Tours to regain his freedom. From then on the centre of power for the House of Blois moved to Champagne. Theobald found ways to become close to the royal court again and gain influence. He got the title of Count Palatine, which his father had used before. He used this influence to get control over his brother's possessions in Champagne that were inherited by his minor nephew Odo, Count of Champagne. Odo later joined the army of William the Conqueror, participated in the battle of Hastings, married a sister of William and became count of Aumale and Holderness. Theobald had a position of considerable power, that increased when he married the daughter of Raoul de Valois. From 1074 onward, he left his son Henry in control of Blois, Châteaudun and Chartres. Family and children Theobald's first wife Gersende of Maine, daughter of Herbert I, Count of Maine, Count of Maine, bore him one child: Henry, who adopted the name of Stephen. His third wife Alix de Crepy (Adela) or Adèle of Valois [see Note], daughter of Raoul II of Valois and Adélaide of Bar sur Aube, bore 3 children: Philip, who became bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne Odo, who inherited possessions in Champagne (Troyes). He died in 1093, leaving the possessions to his brother Hugh. Hugh, who became the first to be called count of Champagne. | Theobald III Count of Blois (I5460)
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| 1568 | Theobald le Botiller, also known as Theobald Boteler, Theobald Butler, 2nd Baron Butler (by 1201 - July 19, 1230) was the son of Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler and Maud le Vavasour. He had livery of his lands on 18 July 1222. Marriage and issue Theobald married firstly by 1222 Joan du Marais (or Marisco) daughter of Geoffrey du Marais. Their son was: Theobald Butler, 3rd Chief Butler of Ireland (d. 1248). He married Margery de Burgh, daughter of Richard Mor de Burgh and Egidia de Lacy, and had issue. After the death of his first wife, Theobald remained a widower. Henry III of England requested the marriage of Theobald to Rohese de Verdon, daughter of Nicholas de Verdon of Alton, Staffordshire and Joan de Lacy, and the widow of William Perceval de Somery. The agreement to marry occurred on 4 September 1225. The marriage is presumed to have followed shortly afterwards. Their children were John de Verdon, Lord of Meath (1226-1274) Maud de Verdon, (d. 27 November 1283) who married firstly John FitzAlan, feudal Lord of Clun and Oswestry and de jure Earl of Arundel. Career Theobald was summoned cum equis et armis (Latin: "with horses and arms") to attend the King into Brittany, as "Theobaldus Pincerna" on 26 October 1229. He died on 19 July 1230 in Poitou, France, and was buried in the Abbey of Arklow, County Wicklow. | le Boteler, Theobald (I5532)
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| 1569 | Theobald the Great (French: Thibaut de Blois) (1090-1152) was Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV from 1102 and was Count of Champagne and of Brie as Theobald II from 1125. He held Auxerre, Maligny, Ervy, Troyes, and Châteauvillain as fiefs from Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy. He was the son of Stephen II, Count of Blois and Adela of Normandy, and the elder brother of King Stephen of England. Although he was the second son, Theobald was appointed above his older brother William. Several historians have painted William as mentally deficient, but this has never been substantiated. That said, we know that his mother found him stubbornly resistant to control and unfit for wide ranging comital duties. Theobald had no such problems. Theobald accompanied his mother throughout their realm on hundreds of occasions and, after her retirement to Marcigney in 1125, he administered the family properties with great skill. Adela died in her beloved convent in 1136, the year after her son Stephen was crowned king of England. King Louis VII of France became involved in a war with Theobald by permitting Count Raoul I of Vermandois and seneschal of France, to repudiate his wife Eléonore of Blois, Theobald's sister, and to marry Petronilla of Aquitaine, sister of the queen of France. The war, which lasted two years (1142-1144), was marked by the occupation of Champagne by the royal army and the capture of Vitry-le-François, where many persons perished in the deliberate burning of the church by Louis. French teacher Pierre Abélard, who became famous for his love affair with and subsequent marriage to his student Héloïse, sought asylum in Champagne during Theobald II's reign. Abelard died at Cluny Abbey in Burgundy, a monastery supported by the Thebaudians for many centuries. In 1123 he married Matilda of Carinthia, daughter of Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia. Their children were: Henry I of Champagne Theobald V of Blois Adèle of Champagne, married King Louis VII of France Isabelle of Champagne, married 1. Roger of Apulia d. 1148 & 2. William Gouet IV d. 1170 Marie of Champagne, married Eudes II, Duke of Burgundy, became Abbess of Fontevrault later in life. William White Hands, 1135-1202, Archbishop of Reims 1176-1202, Cardinal 1179 Stephen I of Sancerre 1133-1191, Count of Sancerre and Crusader, died at the Siege of Acre Agnes of Champagne (d. 1207), Dame de Ligny married Renaut II of Bar (d. 1170). Margaret of Champagne nun at Fontevrault | Theobald II Count of Champagne (I5492)
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| 1570 | Theobald Walter or Theobald Butler or Theobald Walter le Boteler was the first Baron Butler and the first Chief Butler of Ireland. He also held the office of Butler of England and was the High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1194. Theobald was the ancestor of the Butler family of Ireland. He was involved in the Irish campaigns of King Henry II of England and John of England. His eldest brother Hubert Walter became the Archbishop of Canterbury and justiciar and Lord Chancellor of England. Family Theobald was the son of Hervey Walter and his wife Maud de Valoignes, who was one of the daughters of Theobald de Valoignes. Their children were Theobald, Hubert - future Chief Justiciar and Archbishop of Canterbury, Walter, Roger and Hamon. Theobald Walter was brought up, along with his brother Hubert (the future Archbishop of Canterbury), by his uncle Ranulf de Glanvill, the great justiciar of Henry II who had married his mother's sister Bertha. Career Theobald's father had been the hereditary holder of the office of butler of England. When Theobald accompanied Prince John to Ireland in 1185, he was named Butler of Ireland and was also granted a large section of the north-eastern part of the Kingdom of Limerick. As butler of Ireland in 1177 he and his successors were to attend the Kings of England at their coronation, and that day present them with the first cup of wine. Some time after, that King granted him the prisage of wines, to enable him, and his heirs, the better to support the dignity of that office. By this grant, he had two tons of wine out of every ship, which broke bulk in any trading port of Ireland, and was loaded with 20 tons of that commodity, and one ton from 9 to 20. Theobald was active in the war that took place when Ruaidrà Ua Conchobair attempted to regain his throne after retiring to the monastery of Cong, as Theobald's men were involved in the death of Donal Mór na Corra Mac Carthaigh during a parley in 1185 near Cork. In 1194 Theobald supported his brother during Hubert's actions against Prince John, with Theobald receiving the surrender of John's supporters in Lancaster. Theobald was rewarded with the office of sheriff of Lancaster, which he held until Christmas of 1198. He was again sheriff after John took the throne in 1199. In early 1200, however, John deprived Theobald of all his offices and lands because of his irregularities as sheriff. His lands were not restored until January 1202. Theobald founded the Abbey of Owney, in the townsland of Abington Irish: Mainistir Uaithne (meaning "the monastery of Uaithne"), of which nothing now remains, near the modern village of Murroe in County Limerick Ireland around 1200. He also founded the Cockersand Abbey in Lancaster, Abbey of Nenagh in County Tipperary, and a monastic house at Arklow in County Wicklow. Issue Theobald married Maud le Vavasour, heiress of Robert le Vavasour, a baron of Yorkshire, John Lodge in the Peerage of Ireland in 1789 gave the year as 1189, but on no apparent authority, as no other author follows him on this. He died between 4 August 1205 and 14 February 14, 1206, and was buried at Owney abbey. Their children were Theobald le Botiller, 2nd Chief Butler of Ireland and a daughter Maud who married Gerard de Prendergast who had an only daughter who married John de Cogan. | Theobald Walter 1st Baron Butler (I5559)
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| 1571 | Theodo (about 625 - 11 December c. 716) also known as Theodo V and Theodo II, was the Duke of Bavaria from 670 or, more probably, 680 to his death. It is with Theodo that the well-sourced history of Bavaria begins. He strengthened Bavaria internally and externally and, according to Arbeo of Freising, he was a prince of great power whose fame extended beyond his borders. His father was Theodo IV, Duke of Bavaria and his mother was probably Fara of Bavaria (b: 600), daughter of one of the Kings of the Lombards and (her mother) Daughter of Gisulf of Friuli (b: 577). Theodo established his capital at Ratisbon (modern Regensburg). He married Folchaid, of the aristocracy of Alemannia, to build diplomatic ties there. He intervened in Lombard affairs by harbouring the refugees Ansprand and Liutprand, whom he assisted militarily on his return to claim the Iron Crown. Liutprand later married his daughter Guntrude. Theodo also defended his duchy ably from the Avars (with some failure in the east). Theodo is the patron to the four great missionaries of Bavaria: Saint Rupert, Saint Erhard, Saint Emmeram, and probably Saint Corbinian. He was the first to draw up plans for the Bavarian church, aiming both at a deeper cultivation of the countryside as well as greater independence from the Frankish Kingdom by a closer association with the Pope. He was the first Bavarian duke to travel to Rome, where he conferred with Pope Gregory II. The diocesan seats were placed in the few urban centres, which served as the Duke's seats: Regensburg, Salzburg, Freising and Passau. Two of his children are involved with the death of Saint Emmeram. Theodo's daughter Uta had become pregnant by her lover. Fearing her father's wrath, she confided to Emmeram and the saint promised to bear the blame, as he was about to travel to Rome. Soon after his departure, Uta's predicament became known and in keeping with the agreement she named Emmeram as the father. Her brother Lantpert went after Emmeram and greeted him as "bishop and brother-in-law," i.e., episcope et gener noster! Then he had Emmeram cut and torn into pieces. Theodo had the remains of the saint moved to Regensburg. Nothing more is known of Lantpert and Uta. Ordinals Some historians have distinguished between a Duke Theodo I, ruling around 680, and a Duke Theodo II, reigning in the early eight century. Theodo I is attributed with the events involving Saint Emmeram, Uta and Lantpert, while Theodo II is associated with Saints Corbinian and Rupert, the ecclesiastical organisation and the division of the Duchy. However, no contemporary source indicates a distinction between different Dukes of that name. To complicate matters even further, Bavarian tradition has referred to Theodo I and Theodo II as Theodo IV and Theodo V respectively to differentiate them from legendary Agilolfing ancestors Theodo I to III, all who would have reigned before 550. Marriage and issue He married Regintrude of Austrasia, daughter of Dagobert I and Nanthild. They had the following: Daughter of Theodo, married Godefroy, Duke of Alamannia He also married Folchiade of Salzeburg. They had the following: Theodbert Theobald Tassilo Grimoald Willigard Theodo was eventually succeeded by his four other sons, among which he divided his duchy sometime before 715. As early as 702, Theodbert had been ruling from Salzburg and from 711 or 712, Theobald was co-reigning. It is impossible to see if this division was territorial (as with the Merovingians) or purely a co-regency (as with the later princes of Benevento and Capua). If so, Theodbert's capital was probably Salzburg and the Vita Corbiniani informs that Grimoald had his seat there. References to Theobald and the Thuringii implies perhaps a capital at Regensburg and this leaves Tassilo at Passau. All of this is educated conjecture. | Theodo Duke of Bavaria (I5508)
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| 1572 | Theodoric II (d. 30 December 1115), called the Valiant, was the duke of Lorraine from 1070 to his death. He was the son and successor of Gerhard and Hedwige of Namur. He is sometimes numbered Theodoric I if the dukes of the House of Ardennes, who ruled in Upper Lorraine from 959 to 1033, are ignored in favour of the dukes of Lower Lorraine as predecessors of the later dukes of Lorraine. In fact, Sophia, the daughter of Duke Frederick II of the House of Ardennes, who had inherited the counties of Bar and Montbéliard, had a husband named Louis, who contested the succession. In order to receive the support of his brother, he gave him the county of Vaudémont and convened an assembly of nobles, who elected him duke over Louis. Soon Louis was dead, but his son, Theodoric II of Bar, claimed the succession anyway. However, Emperor Henry IV confirmed Theodoric the Valiant in the duchy. Probably for this reason, Theodoric remained faithful to the emperors throughout his rule. He fought the Saxons while they were at war with the Emperor between 1070 and 1078 and he opposed the popes Gregory VII and Urban II when they were in conflict with the Emperor. In 1095, he planned to take up the Cross (i.e., go on Crusade, specifically the First), but his ill health provoked him to drop out, nevertheless convincing his barons to go east. Thereafter, he took little part in imperial affairs, preferring not to intervene between Henry IV and his son Henry, or against Lothair of Supplinburg, duke of Saxony. Family and children His first wife was Hedwige (died 1085 or 1090), daughter of Frederick, count of Formbach. They married around 1075. They had the following issue: Simon, his successor in Lorraine Gertrude (died 1144), married Floris II of Holland His second wife was Gertrude (1080-1117), daughter of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Saxony. They had the following issue: Theodoric (1100-1168), lord of Bitche and count of Flanders (1128-1168) Henry I (died 1165), bishop of Toul Ida, married Sigefroy (died 1104), count of Burghausen Ermengarde, married Bernard de Brancion Gisela, married Frederick, count of Saarbrücken | Theodoric II Duke of Lorraine (I5289)
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| 1573 | They had a son Robert, who was Constable of France, and two daughters, Jeanne de Fiennes who married Jean de Châtillon, Count of Saint-Pol, and Mahaut de Fiennes who married Jean de Bournonville. | de Fiennes, Jean Seigneur of Fiennes and Tingry (I3180)
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| 1574 | Thierry of Alsace (Dietrich) (c. 1099 - January 17, 1168), in Flanders known as Diederik van den Elzas, was count of Flanders from 1128 to 1168. He was the youngest son of Duke Thierry II of Lorraine and Gertrude of Flanders (daughter of Robert I of Flanders). With a record of four campaigns in the Levant and Africa (including participation in the Second Crusade, the failed 1157-1158 siege of the Syrian city Shaizar, and the 1164 invasion of Egypt), he had a rare and distinguished record of commitment to crusading. Life After the murder of his cousin Charles the Good in 1127, Thierry claimed the county of Flanders as grandson of Robert I, but William Clito became count instead with the support of King Louis VI of France. William's politics and attitude towards the autonomy of Flanders made him unpopular, and by the end of the year Bruges, Ghent, Lille, and Saint-Omer recognized Thierry as a rival count. Thierry's supporters came from the Imperial faction of Flanders, and upon his arrival he engaged in battle against William. Louis VI had Raymond of Martigné, the Archbishop of Reims, excommunicate him, and Louis himself then besieged Lille, but was forced to retire when Henry I of England, William's uncle, transferred his support to Thierry. However, Thierry was defeated at Tielt and Oostkamp and fled to Brugge. He was forced to flee Brugge as well, and went to Aalst, where he was soon under siege from William, Godfrey I of Leuven, and Louis VI. The city was about to be captured when William was found dead on July 27, 1128, leaving Thierry as the only claimant to the county. Thierry set up his government in Ghent and was recognized by all the Flemish cities as well as King Henry, who had his Flemish lords in England swear fealty to him. Thierry himself swore homage to Louis VI after 1132, in order to gain the French king's support against Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, who had advanced his own claim on Flanders. In 1132 his wife, Suanhilde, died, leaving only a daughter. In 1139 then went on pilgrimage to the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, and married Sibylla of Anjou, daughter of King Fulk of Jerusalem and widow of William Clito; a very prestigious marriage. This was the first of Thierry's four pilgrimages to the Holy Land. While there he also led a victorious expedition against Caesarea Phillippi, and fought alongside his father-in-law in an invasion of Gilead. He soon returned to Flanders to put down a revolt in the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, ruled at the time by Godfrey III of Leuven. Thierry went on crusade a second time in 1147 during the Second Crusade. He led the crossing of the Maeander River in Anatolia and fought at the Battla of Attalya in 1148, and after arriving in the crusader Kingdom he participated in the Council of Acre, where the ill-fated decision to attack Damascus was made. He participated in the Siege of Damascus, led by his wife's half-brother Baldwin III of Jerusalem, and with the support of Baldwin, Louis VII of France, and Conrad III of Germany, he lay claim to Damascus; the native crusader barons preferred one of their own nobles, Guy Brisebarre, lord of Beirut, but in any case the siege was a failure and all parties returned home. During his absence, Baldwin IV of Hainaut invaded Flanders and pillaged Artois; Sibylla reacted strongly and had Hainaut pillaged in response. The Archbishop of Reims intervened and a treaty was signed. When Thierry returned in 1150, he took vengeance on Baldwin IV at Bouchain, with the aid of Henry I, Count of Namur and Henry II of Leez, Bishop of Liège. In the subsequent peace negotiations, Thierry gave his daughter Marguerite in marriage to Baldwin IV's son, the future Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut. In 1156 Thierry had his eldest son married to Elizabeth of Vermandois, daughter and heiress of Raoul I of Vermandois. In 1156 he returned to the Holy Land, this time with his wife accompanying him. He participated in Baldwin III's siege of Shaizar, but the fortress remained in Muslim hands when a dispute arose between Thierry and Raynald of Châtillon over who would possess it should it be captured. He returned to Flanders 1159 without Sibylla, who remained behind to become a nun at the convent of St. Lazarus in Bethany. Their son Philip had ruled the county in their absence, and he remained co-count after Thierry's return. In 1164 Thierry returned once more to the Holy Land. He accompanied King Amalric I, another half-brother of Sibylla, to Antioch and Tripoli. He returned home in 1166, and adopted a date palm as his seal, with a crown of laurels on the reverse. He died on January 17, 1168, and was buried in the Abbey of Watten, between Saint-Omer and Gravelines. His rule had been moderate and peaceful; the highly developed administration of the county in later centuries first began during these years. There had also been great economic and agricultural development, and new commercial enterprises were established; Flanders' greatest territorial expansion occurred under Thierry. Family His first wife, Swanhilde, died in 1132, leaving only one daughter: Laurette of Flanders, who married four times: Iwain, Count of Aalst; Henry II, Duke of Limburg; Raoul I of Vermandois, Count of Vermandois; Henry IV of Luxembourg. Laurette finally retired to a nunnery, where she died in 1170. Thierry secondly married Sibylla of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V of Anjou and Ermengarde of Maine, and former bride of William Clito. Their children were: Philip of Flanders (died 1191) Matthew of Alsace (died 1173), married Countess Marie I of Boulogne Margaret I of Flanders (died 1194), married Ralph II, count of Vermandois and Valois (died 1167), and then she married Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut Gertrude of Flanders (died 1186), married Humbert III of Savoy Matilda of Flanders, abbess of Fontevrault Peter of Flanders (died 1176), Bishop of Cambrai | Thierry Count of Flanders (I5288)
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| 1575 | Third son, the ancestor of the Middletons of Leighton in Lancashire. | Middleton, Jeffrey (I198)
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| 1576 | This database is a compilation of cemetery and funeral home data published in U.S. newspapers, funeral homes and collected from various online sources. | Source (S52)
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| 1577 | Thomas de Clare, Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal (c. 1245 - 29 August 1287) was a Hiberno-Norman peer and soldier. He was the second son of Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester and his wife Maud de Lacy. On 26 January 1276 he was granted the lordship of Thomond by Edward I of England; he spent the next eight years attempting to conquer it from the O'Brien dynasty, kings of Thomond. Career Thomas was born in about 1245 in Tonbridge, Kent, England, the second eldest son of Richard de Clare and Maud de Lacy. Thomas was a close friend and intimate advisor of Prince Edward of England, who would in 1272 accede to the throne as King Edward I. Together they went on Crusade. He held many important posts such as the Office of the Governor of Clochester Castle (1266), Governor of The City of London (1273). He was made Commander of the English forces in Munster, Ireland and created Lord of Inchiquin and Youghal. On 26 January 1276, he was granted the entire lordship of Thomond by King Edward. That same year, he jointly commanded a Norman army along with Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Justiciar of Ireland against the Irish clans of County Wicklow. They were joined by a contingent of men from Connacht led by his father-in-law Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly. Thomas and Justiciar de Geneville's forces attacked the Irish at Glenmalure, but they were soundly defeated and suffered severe losses. Civil war raged in Thomond between the rival factions of the O'Brien dynasty. In 1276, Brian Ruad, the deposed King of Thomond appealed to Thomas for support to help him regain his kingdom from his great-nephew Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O' Brien, who had usurped the throne. In return for his aid, Brian Ruad promised that Thomas would be allowed to colonise all the land between Athsollus in Quin and Limerick. Together, Thomas and Brian Ruad expelled Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O'Brien and recaptured Clonroad which the latter had taken from Brian Ruad. O'Brien escaped to Galway where he elicited the help of his cousin William de Burgh, and in 1277 together with the assistance from clans, MacNamara and O'Dea they defeated the combined forces of Thomas and Brian Ruad. The latter fled to Bunratty Castle, but Thomas had his former ally hanged and drawn for treason. The civil war continued for the next seven years, with Thomas supporting Brian Ruad's son Donnchad against Toirrdelbach; however, following the drowning death of Donnchad in 1284, Toirrdelbach emerged the victor. Thereafter until his death in 1306, Toirrdelbach MacTaidg O'Brien ruled as undisputed King of Thomond and Thomas had no choice but to accommodate him. O'Brien rented part of Bunratty Manor at £121 per annum. In 1280, Thomas embarked on a castle-building project at Quin, but was disrupted in his efforts by the O'Briens and MacNamaras. Marriage and children In February 1275, he married Juliana FitzGerald, the 12-year old daughter of Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd Lord of Offaly and Maud de Prendergast. Thomas and his wife made their principal residence at Bunratty Castle, which he had constructed in stone, replacing the earlier wooden structure. Together they had four children: Maud de Clare (c. 1276-1326/27), married firstly, Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, by whom she had issue; and secondly Robert de Welle Gilbert de Clare, Lord of Thomond, (3 February 1281-1308) Richard de Clare, Steward of Forest of Essex, 1st Lord Clare, Lord of Thomond (after 1281 - 10 May 1318), married a woman by the name of Joan, by whom he had one son, Thomas. He was killed at the Battle of Dysert O'Dea. Margaret de Clare (c. 1 April 1287 - 22 October 1333/3 January 1334), married firstly, Gilbert de Umfraville; and secondly Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere, by whom she had issue. Death Thomas was killed in battle on 29 August 1287 leaving behind four children, the youngest, Margaret being not quite five months old. He was succeeded as Lord of Thomond by his eldest son, Gilbert who was six years old. His widow Juliana, aged 24 years, would go on to marry two more times. | de Clare, Thomas Lord of Thomond (I4974)
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| 1578 | Thomas de Strickland (1367 - 30 July 1455) was the oldest son of Sir Walter de Strickland. He is best known for carrying the banner of St. George at the battle of Agincourt. At war Biography On 21 July 1403 he fought on the Royalist side at the Battle of Shrewsbury for Henry IV and was awarded by the King, a sum of £38 and two horses which had belonged to the rebel Henry Percy (Hotspur). He was also rewarded for his valiant efforts by being made Keeper of Inglewood royal forest in Cumberland. He was appointed Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire for 1410 and for 1414. He was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Westmorland in 1404, 1429 and 1431. Battle of Agincourt On Friday 25 October 1415 Thomas and his Men at arms, inluding a group of elite archers known as "the Kendal Bowmen", were part of the army of King Henry V that won a major battle at Agincourt in North West France against superior numbers. As Thomas was a Knight in training (Esq) he fought dismounted with a sword, it was a question of honour that any one who carried the banner of St. George did so without the protection of shield as they would be protected by their men at arms. Family life He married Mabel De Beethom and had several children: Walter Margaret Cecilia Robert Thomas was finally knighted before 1418 following the Battle of Agincourt. After that time it became common practice amongst noble families to drop the French "de" from family names so Thomas de Strickland became Sir Thomas Strickland. | de Strickland, Sir Thomas (I3336)
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| 1579 | Thomas Dowley was born on 18 Sep 1749 at St Pauls, Shadwell, Stepney, ("Company of Thames Watermen and Lightermen"), London and was a waterman on the River Thames, ferrying boats North and South before the bridges were built. Thomas was apprenticed on 12th July 1764 aged 14 years and 10 months, to Master Constantine at Rotherhithe. Apprentices were taken on between 14 and 20 years of age and usually for 7 years. It was a very closely knit community and you were usually from a wateman family for several generations. Apprentices could not marry until they had served their time. Thomas gained freedom on 7th Feb 1772. The tidal Thames was a very dangerous river. Over the years, ferrying passengers (watermen) became less important than moving goods and unloading ships (lightermen). This was because the number of bridges across the Thames increased over the years (reducing the need for ferrying) but the vloume of trade at the docks expanded greatly. On 20th Nov 1774, Thomas Dowley married Elizabeth Gardner in Stepney. Elizabeth was the daughter of Constantine Gardner, probably the daughter of his master. | Dowley, Thomas (I4592)
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| 1580 | Thored (Old English: Ãoreð or Þoreð; fl. 979-992) was a 10th century ealdorman of York, ruler of the southern half of the old Kingdom of Northumbria on behalf of the king of England. He was the son of either Gunnar or Oslac, northern ealdormen. If he was the former, he may had attained adulthood by the 960s, when a man of his name raided Westmorland. Other potential appearances in the records are likewise uncertain until 979, the point from which Thored's period as ealdorman can be accurately dated. Although historians differ in their opinions about his relationship, if any, to Kings Edgar the Peaceable and Edward the Martyr, it is generally thought that he enjoyed a good relationship with King Æthelred II. His daughter Ælfgifu married Æthelred. Thored was ealdorman in Northumbria for much of his reign, disappearing from the sources in 992 after being appointed by Æthelred to lead an expedition against the Vikings. Origins The area shaded under "Jorvik" (York), probably corresponds very roughly with Thored's territory of southern Northumbria; it should be noted that the Danelaw as a territory is a modern construct, though Yorkshire was in the area where Dena lagu ("Scandinavian law") was practised Thored appears to have been of at least partially Scandinavian origin, suggested by the title applied to him in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 992. Here, the ealdorman of Hampshire is called by the English title "ealdorman", while Thored himself is styled by the Scandinavian word eorl (i.e. Earl). Two accounts of Thored's origins have been offered by modern historians. The first is that he was a son of Oslac, ealdorman of York from 966 until his exile in 975. This argument is partly based on the assertion by the Historia Eliensis, that Oslac had a son named Thorth (i.e. "Thored"). The other suggestion, favoured by most historians, is that he was the son of a man named Gunnar. This Gunnar is known to have held land in the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire. If the latter suggestion is correct, then Thored's first appearance in history is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recension D (EF)'s entry for 966, which recorded the accession of Oslac to the ealdormanry of southern Northumbria: In this year, Thored, Gunnar's son, harried Westmoringa land, and, in this same year, Oslac succeeded to the office of ealdorman. The Anglo-Saxon scholar Frank Stenton believed that this was an act of regional faction-fighting, rather than, as had been suggested by others, Thored carrying out the orders of King Edgar the Peaceable. This entry is, incidentally, the first mention of Westmoringa land, that is, Westmorland. Gunnar seems to have been ealdorman earlier in the decade, for in one charter (surviving only in a later cartulary) dated to 963 and three Abingdon charters dated to 965, an ealdorman (dux) called Gunnar is mentioned. Thored may be the Thored who appears for the first time in charter attestations during the reign of King Edgar (959-75), his earliest possible appearance being in 964, witnessing a grant of land in Kent by King Edgar to St Peter's, Ghent. This is uncertain because the authenticity of this particular charter is unclear. A charter issued by Edgar in 966, granting land in Oxfordshire to a woman named Ælfgifu, has an illegible ealdorman witness signature beginning with Þ, which may be Thored. Ealdorman Thored's governorship as ealdorman, based on charter attestations, cannot be securely dated before 979. He did attest royal charters during the reign of Æthelred II, the first in 979, six in 983, one in 984, three in 985, one in 988, appearing in such attestations for the last time in 989. It is possible that such appearances represent more than one Thored, though that is not a generally accepted theory. His definite predecessor, Oslac, was expelled from England in 975. The historian Richard Fletcher thought that Oslac's downfall may have been the result of opposing the succession of Edward the Martyr, enemy and brother of Æthelred II. What is known about Thored's time as ealdorman is that he did not have a good relationship with Oswald, Archbishop of York (971-92). In a memorandum written by Oswald, a group of estates belonging to the archdiocese of York was listed, and Oswald noted that "I held them all until Thored came to power; then was St Peter [to whom York was dedicated] robbed". One of the estates allegedly lost was Newbald, an estate given by King Edgar to a man named Gunnar, suggesting to historian Dorothy Whitelock that Thored may just have been reclaiming land "wrongly alienated from his family". His relationship with King Edgar is unclear, particularly given the uncertainty of Thored's paternity, Oslac being banished from England in 975, the year of Edgar's death. Richard Fletcher, who thought Thored was the son of Gunnar, argued that Thored's raid on Westmorland was caused by resentment derived from losing out on the ealdormanry to Oslac, and that Edgar thereafter confiscated various territories as punishment. The evidence for this is that Newbald, granted by Edgar to Gunnar circa 963, was bought by Archbishop Osketel from the king sometime before 971, implying that the king had seized the land. Thored's relationship with the English monarchy under Æthelred II seems to have been good. Ælfgifu, the first wife of King Æthelred II, was probably Thored's daughter. Evidence for this is that in the 1150s Ailred of Rievaulx in his De genealogia regum Anglorum wrote that the wife of Æthelred II was the daughter of an ealdorman (comes) called Thored (Thorth). Historian Pauline Stafford argued that this marriage was evidence that Thored had been a local rather than royal appointment to the ealdormanry of York, and that Æthelred II's marriage was an attempt to woo Thored. Stafford was supported in this argument by Richard Fletcher. Death The date of Thored's death is uncertain, but his last historical appearance came in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, recension C (D, E), under the year 992, which reported the death of Archbishop Oswald and an expedition against a marauding Scandinavian fleet: In this year the holy Archbishop Oswald left this life and attained the heavenly life, and Ealdorman Æthelwine [of East Anglia] died in the same year. Then the king and all his counsellors decreed that all the ships that were any use should be assembled at London. And the king then entrusted the expedition to the leadership of Ealdorman Ælfric (of Hampshire), Earl Thored and Bishop Ælfstan [.of London or of Rochester.] and Bishop Æscwig [of Dorchester], and they were to try if they could entrap the Danish army anywhere at sea. Then Ealdorman Ælfric sent someone to warn the enemy, and then in the night before the day on which they were to have joined battle, he absconded by night from the army, to his own disgrace, and then the enemy escaped, except that the crew of one ship was slain. And then the Danish army encountered the ships from East Anglia and from London, and they made a great slaughter there and captured the ship, all armed and equipped, on which the ealdorman was. Scandinavians led by Óláfr Tryggvason had been raiding England's coast since the previous year, when they killed Ealdorman Brihtnoth of Essex at the Battle of Maldon. Historians think that Thored was either killed fighting these Scandinavians, or else survived, but became disgraced through defeat or treachery. Fletcher speculated that Thored was removed from office and replaced by the Mercian Ælfhelm as a result of his failure against the Scandinavians. Another historian, William Kapelle, believed Thored was removed because of his Scandinavian descent, an argument based on the Worcester Chronicle's claim, added to the text borrowed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, that Fræna, Godwine and Frythegyst fled a battle against the Danes in the following year because "they were Danish on their father's side". A man named Æthelstan who died at the Battle of Ringmere in 1010, "the king's aþum", was probably Thored's son. The term aþum means either "son-in-law" or "brother-in-law", so this Æthelstan could also have been Thored's grandson by an unknown intermediary. Thored's immediate successor was Ælfhelm, who appears witnessing charters as ealdorman from 994. | Ealdorman Of Northumbria, Thored (I411)
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| 1581 | Thori 'the Silent' Ragnvaldsson, Jarl of More is the son of Ragnvald I 'the Wise' Eysteinsson, Earl of More and Ragnhild Hrolfsdottir. He married Alof Aarbod, daughter of Harald I, King of Norway and Gyda, circa 890. | Ragnvaldsson, Thori 'the Silent' Jarl of More Eysteinsson (I712)
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| 1582 | Through his marriage to Joan de Geneville, by whom he had twelve children is descended every monarch of England after King Edward IV of England. | de Mortimer, Roger 1st Earl of March (I3829)
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| 1583 | Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain (old spelling: Toirdelbach Ua Briain), anglicised Turlough O'Brien (1009 - 14 July 1086), was King of Munster and effectively High King of Ireland. A grandson of Brian Bóruma, Toirdelbach was the son of Tadc mac Briain who was killed in 1023 by his half-brother Donnchad mac Briain. For the first forty years of his life nothing is known of Toirdelbach. It was not until the 1050s that he found allies in Connacht and in Leinster, particularly the powerful King of Leinster Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó, who would aid his claims to be ruler of Munster. It took perhaps ten years of sustained attack to remove his uncle Donnchad from power, and send him into exile, and to place Toirdelbach in power in Munster as Diarmait's faithful ally. On Diarmait's death Toirdelbach took over the reins of power, establishing himself as ruler of more than half of Ireland. While not a great military leader, he was a capable politician whose influence extended as far north as Ulaid and who made and unmade Kings of Connacht. He died after more than two decades in power, following a lengthy illness, still in control of events. His son Muirchertach Ua Briain would be the leading king of his day, and his grandson Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair would be greater yet. Background Brian Bóruma was the first man in many centuries to establish himself as High King of Ireland by force of arms. Previous men reckoned High King had belonged to the great Uà Néill kindred, the large group of families who claimed to descend from Niall of the Nine Hostages, which dominated much of central and northern Ireland from the 7th century onwards. No king from the south, where Brian's kindred, the hitherto rather obscure Dál gCais of the region of Tuadmumu (north Munster), had come close to dominating Ireland since the time of Feidlimid mac Crimthainn in the early 9th century, and none had been included in the more widely accepted lists of high kings in historic times. The last effective high king of Ireland from Munster was Cathal mac Finguine (d. 742), and likely before him the prehistoric Crimthann mac Fidaig. Brian, building on his own resources and those of the Viking towns of the south such as Limerick and Cork, first took control of Munster, overthrowing the domination of the Eóganachta, a kindred which had dominated the kingship of Munster as effectively as the Uà Néill had dominated the High Kingship, and for just as long. With the Uà Néill disunited and the resources of Munster at his command, Brian first brought the Uà Néill High King Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill to recognise him as an equal, and then to acknowledge him as the master of Ireland. Brian met his death at the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014-Good Friday-fighting against the King of Leinster and his allies. In myth and medieval pseudohistory, as exemplified by the Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh written in the time of Toirdelbach's son, this battle would become the last and greatest between the Irish and the Vikings, and Brian would become the greatest of all Irish kings. Family quarrels Toirdelbach was the son of Tadc mac Briain, son of Brian Bóruma, and Mór, daughter of Gilla Brigte Ua MaÃl Muaid of Cenél Fiachach. His father was killed in 1023, probably on the orders of his half-brother Donnchad mac Briain who thereby made himself king of Munster. Donnchad, while he successfully retained control of Munster for four decades, was never able to achieve the same success as Brian. Epigraphic evidence shows that he aimed to be king of Ireland, and perhaps considered himself to be such, but the annalists and later historians recognised no such pretensions. As for Toirdelbach, the annals record nothing of him until the 1050s, at which time he was seeking, and finding, outside assistance against his uncle. Donnchad's main rivals were Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó, King of Leinster from 1042, and Ãed in Gaà Bernaig, King of Connacht from 1046. Diarmait in particular was a serious threat; allied with Niall mac Eochada, King of Ulster, he installed his son Murchad as ruler of Dublin in 1052, driving out Donnchad's brother-in-law and ally Echmarcach mac Ragnaill. From the beginning of the 1050s onwards, Donnchad came under sustained attack from both Ãed and Diarmait. Toirdelbach first joined with Ãed in the early 1050s, raiding into Tuadmumu in 1052 and inflicting a heavy defeat on Donnchad's son Murchad in Corco Mruad, the north-west of modern County Clare in 1055. By 1058 Toirdelbach had gained Diarmait's support, for he was present when Diarmait, the Leinstermen and the Osraige drove Donnchad from Limerick, which he burned so that it would not fall into the hands of his enemies, and defeated him at Sliabh gCrot in the Galtee Mountains. In 1060 Donnchad attempted to divide his enemies by submitting to Ãed. This was unsuccessful as Ãed attacked again in 1061, razing the Dál gCais fortress at Kincora and burning their church at Killaloe. Injury was added to insult when Diarmait brought an army, and Toirdelbach in his train, to Munster in 1062. Donnchad's son Murchad led the unsuccessful resistance, and even when Diarmait returned to Leinster, Toirdelbach defeated his kinsmen. By 1063, Donnchad was beaten. Deposed, he went on pilgrimage to Rome where he died the following year. Diarmait installed Toirdelbach as a puppet king in Munster. Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó Following Donnchad's deposition, Toirdelbach was one of Diarmait's key allies, particularly in Diarmait's final years when his authority was challenged within Leinster. In 1066 Diarmait and Toirdelbach each paid 30 ounces of gold to the king of Ciarraige Luachra of West Munster for his help in assassinating their enemies. In 1067 they campaigned together to defeat and kill the king of Ciarraige Luachra. Toirdelbach's nephew Murchad son of Donnchad was killed in 1068 while raiding in the midlands. The Annals of Innisfallen record to Toirdelbach as a law-maker, reporting that in 1068: "A law and ordinance was made by Tairdelbach Ua Briain-and no better law was enacted in Mumu for a long time-with the result that neither cow nor horse was housed [at night] but allowed to wander at will." In the same year, and perhaps related to this law-making, Máel Ãsu mac Amalgada, comarba Pátraic or abbot of Armagh and successor of Saint Patrick, visited Munster for the first time and received "his full visitation, both in tribute and offerings". Toirdelbach's ally and protector Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó faced increasing difficulties in his final years, difficulties which led Toirdelbach to intervene on Diarmait's behalf against his enemies in Leinster. Diarmait's sons Murchad and Glúniairn died in 1070, leaving the succession uncertain and disputed. Later in 1070 Toirdelbach took an army into Leinster, carrying off hostages, and receiving the submission of the king of Osraige. Toirdelbach had to return to Leinster again in 1071 open warfare broke out between Diarmait's grandson Domnall, Murchad's son, and his nephew Donnchad, son of Domnall Remair. The annal states that the hostages Toirdelbach took were handed over into the keeping of Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó. Toirdelbach was not idle on his own account in these years. He led an army on a raid into the midlands in 1071, and had his soldiers build wooden bridges across the Shannon, evidently for military purposes, at Ãth Caille (perhaps modern O'Briensbridge) and Killaloe. Diarmait visited Munster in 1071, distributing gifts. Diarmait had earlier given Toirdelbach treasures which included Brian Bóruma's sword, and "the standard of the king of the Saxons". This was among Diarmait's last recorded acts before his death in battle on 7 February 1072. Toirdelbach was the chief beneficiary of Diarmait's death, the Annals of Innisfallen recording that: Toirdelbach Ua Briain went to Osraige and Leinster, burned Uà Cheinnselaig and brought away much booty and cows, and took hostages from it as well as from Leinster. And the foreigners gave him the kingship of Dublin, and he made prisoner the sons of Domnall, son of Máel na mBó, in Dublin, and brought back the hostages of Osraige on that occasion. Conchobar Ua Máel Shechnaill, king of Mide, was murdered the next year, and Toirdelbach took advantage of this to ravage the midlands, followed by an expedition to Connacht where he obtained hostages from both the Uà Conchobair and the Uà Ruairc. He divided Leinster between various rivals, a policy of divide and rule which would serve him well. In Dublin he installed one Gofraid mac AmlaÃb meic Ragnaill, perhaps a kinsman of Echmarchach mac Ragnaill, as his client king. A campaign in 1075 directed against the Uà Néill and their allies in the north turned out less well. Toirdelbach's son Muirchertach was defeated by the AirgÃalla near Ãth Fhirdia (modern Ardee, County Louth) with heavy loss. At more or less the same time Gofraid was banished from Dublin by Toirdelbach, seemingly replaced by Domnall son of Murchad son of Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó, who ruled for only a short time before he died, and was replaced by Toirdelbach's son Muirchertach. With Muirchertach securely installed in Dublin, and another son, Diarmait, ruling over Waterford, Toirdelbach was master of half of Ireland. The wider world While Toirdelbach's son Diarmait, ruler of Waterford, raided Wales in 1080, in general Toirdelbach is seen as less interested in matters outwith Ireland than his protector Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó, or his son Muirchertach. It was during Gofraid's short reign over Dublin, on 6 May 1074, that Donatus, first archbishop of Dublin died. This led the archbishop of Canterbury, Lanfranc of Pavia, to take an interest in Irish matters. Lanfranc, basing himself, he said, on Bede's writings, had already assured Pope Alexander II that Dublin formed part of the province of Canterbury and that it was for him to consecrate the new bishop. He also wrote to the Irish kings concerned, being careful not to cause offense. His letter to Toirdelbach calls him "magnificent king of Ireland", a title which might seem the more impressive had Lanfranc not also addressed Gofraid of Dublin as "glorious king of Ireland". The Annals of Innisfallen report that "five Jews came from over sea with gifts to Toirdelbach, and they were sent back again over sea". The meaning and significance of this event is unclear. Hudson remarks that "[i]f the delegation wanted [Toirdelbach]'s approval for settling in Ireland they were disappointed". Bracken suggests that if this was the intention of the delegation, the otherwise astute Toirdelbach missed a significant opportunity to strengthen his position. Divide and rule Toirdelbach employed the policy of divide and rule to maintain control of Leinster and to prevent the emergence of a rival in Connacht. In the north, he supported the Ulaid to weaken the Cenél nEógain kings of Ailech. This policy was successful in keeping Leinster pacified, but was less successful in dealing with the Cenél nEógain of the north and the kings of Connacht in the west. The Cenél nEógain, who appear to have had no widely-accepted candidates for the kingship, hit upon a candidate in the person of Conchobar Ua Briain, grandson of Toirdelbach's uncle Donnchad mac Briain and Toirdelbach's most obvious rival for the kingship of Munster. Conchobar was king for only a short time when he was murdered, along with his wife. His brother Cennétig was chosen to succeed him. In Connacht, three rival branches of the Uà Briúin, the Ua Conchobair, the Ua Flaithbertaig, and the Ua Ruairc, were in competition. Ruaidrà na Saide Buide of the Ua Conchobair was king of Connacht when he submitted to Toirdelbach in 1076. Toirdelbach deposed Ruaidrà in 1079 and replaced him with an Ua Ruairc, Ãed son of Art Uallach. The Ua Ruairc proved to be a threat to Toirdelbach and to their neighbours. Máel Sechnaill, king of Mide, submitted to Toirdelbach in 1080, perhaps for fear of Ua Ruairc. War broke out in 1084 between Toirdelbach and the Ua Ruairc, joined by Cennétig Ua Briain. Toirdelbach raided Mide, but while he was absent the Conmaicne, clients of the Ua Ruairc, raided Munster. A battle was fought at Monecronock, near modern Leixlip, on 19 October 1082 where Toirdelbach's sons Muirchertach and Tadc won, killing Domnall Ua Ruairc and Cennétig Ua Briain. Death Toirdelbach fell seriously ill in 1085 and lost his hair. The Annals of the Four Masters, a late and not always reliable source, state that he had been ill for many years. He may never have fully recovered from his earlier illness. The Annals of Ulster report that he "died in Kincora [near Killaloe] after great suffering and long repentance, and after receiving the Body of Christ and His Blood, on [14 July] in the seventy-seventh year of his age [1086]". Rarely given to over-praising southern kings, this northern annal calls him "king of Ireland". The Annals of Tigernach, another northern record, styles Toirdelbach rà urmóir Erenn, "king of the greater part of Ireland". Toirdelbach was probably married three times. Dubchoblaig of the Uà Cheinnselaig, who died in 1088, was the mother of Diarmait, perhaps named for her kinsman and Toirdelbach's protector Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó. Derbforgaill of Osraige was the mother of Tadc and Muirchertach. No children of Gormlaith of Ua Fógarta are named and the mother of Toirdelbach's daughter Mór is not recorded. Mór married Ruaidrà na Saide Buide. Her son Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair was one of the greatest kings of medieval Ireland. She died in 1088, perhaps coincidently the year in which a gloss to the Annals of Ulster records Toirdelbach's birth. Toirdelbach apparently planned to divide his lands between his three sons. Tadc survived him by only weeks, dying of natural causes at Kincora, after which Muirchertach and Diarmait disputed the succession. Diarmait was the loser, banished by his half-brother, and exiled with his mother's kin in Leinster. | Ua Briain, Toirdelbach (I5834)
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| 1584 | Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Vital and Town Records, Provo, UT: Holbrook Research Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook) | Source (S348)
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| 1585 | Turf-Einar Ragnvaldsson, Earl of Orkney is the son of Ragnvald I 'the Wise' Eysteinsson, Earl of More and Groa. He was also known as Earl of Orkney. | Orkney, Turf-Einar Ragnvaldsson Earl of (I4509)
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| 1586 | Twin brother of Anthony. | Curwen, Roger (I1049)
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| 1587 | Twin brother of Edward. | Curwen, George (I343)
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| 1588 | Twin brother of George. | Curwen, Edward (I344)
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| 1589 | Twin brother of Roger. | Curwen, Anthony (I1048)
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| 1590 | Uchtred (or Uhtred), called the Bold, was the ealdorman of all Northumbria from 1006 to1016, when he was assassinated. He was the son of Waltheof I, ealdorman of Bamburgh, whose ancient family had ruled from the castle of Bamburgh on the Northumbrian coast. In 995, according to Symeon of Durham, when the remains of St Cuthbert were transferred from Chester-le-Street to Durham, Uhtred helped the monks clear the site of the new cathedral. The new cathedral was founded by Bishop Aldhun, and Uhtred married Aldhun's daughter, Ecgfrida, probably at about this time. From his marriage he received several estates that had belonged to the church. In 1006 Malcolm II of Scotland invaded Northumbria and besieged the newly founded episcopal city of Durham. At that time the Danes were raiding southern England and King Ethelred was unable to send help to the Northumbrians. Ealdorman Waltheof was too old to fight and remained in his castle at Bamburgh. Ealdorman Ælfhelm of York also took no action. Uhtred, acting for his father, called together an army from Bernicia and Yorkshire and led it against the Scots. The result was a decisive victory for Uhtred. Local women washed the severed heads of the Scots, receiving a payment of a cow for each, and the heads were fixed on stakes to Durham's walls. Uhtred was rewarded by King Ethelred II with the ealdormanry of Bamburgh even though his father was still alive. In the mean time, Ethelred had had Ealdorman Ælfhelm of York murdered, and he allowed Uhtred to succeed Ælfhelm as ealdorman of York, thus uniting northern and souther Northumbria under the house of Bamburgh. It seems likely that Ethelred did not trust the Scandinavian population of southern Northumbria and wanted an Anglo-Saxon in power there. After receiving these honours Uhtred dismissed his wife, Ecgfrida, and married Sige, daughter of Styr, son of Ulf. Styr was a rich citizen of York. It appears that Uhtred was trying to make political allies amongst the Danes in Deira. Through Sige, Uhtred had 2 children, Eadulf, later Eadulf III, and Gospatric. This Gospatric's grandson was the infamous Eadwulf Rus who murdered Bishop Walcher. In 1013 King Sweyn of Denmark invaded England, sailing up the Humber and Trent to the town of Gainsborough. Uhtred submitted to him there, as did all of the Danes in the north. In July 1013 Ethelred was forced into exile in Normandy. After London had finally submitted to him, Swein was accepted as king by Christmas 1013. However he only reigned for five weeks, for he died at, or near, Gainsborough on 2 February 1014. At Sweyn’s death, Ethelred was able to return from exile and resume his reign. Uhtred, along with many others, transferred his allegiance back to Ethelred, on his return. Uhtred also married Ethelred’s daughter Ælfgifu about this time. In 1016 Uhtred campaigned with Ethelred's son Edmund Ironside in Cheshire and the surrounding shires. While Uhtred was away from his lands, Sweyn's son, Cnut, invaded Yorkshire. Cnut's forces were too strong for Uhtred to fight, and so Uhtred did homage to him as King of England. Uhtred was summoned to a meeting with Cnut, and on the way there, he and forty of his men were murdered by Thurbrand the Hold, with assistance from Uhtred's own servant, Wighill and with the connivance of Cnut. Uhtred was succeeded in Bernicia by his brother Eadwulf Cudel. Cnut made the Norwegian, Eric of Hlathir, ealdorman ("earl" in Scandinavian terms) in southern Northumbria. The killing of Uhtred by Thurbrand the Hold started a blood feud that lasted for many years. Uhtred's son Ealdred subsequently avenged his father by killing Thurbrand, but Ealdred in turn was killed by Thurbrand's son, Carl. Eadred's vengeance had to wait until the 1070s, when Waltheof, Eadred’s grandson had his soldiers kill most of Carl's sons and grandsons. This is an example of the notorious Northumbrian blood feuds that were common at this time. Uhtred's dynasty continued to reign in Bernicia through Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh (killed 1038) his son from his marriage to Ecgfrida, and Eadulf (killed 1041) his son from his marriage to Sige, and briefly Eadulf's son Osulf held the earldom of northern Northumbria 1067 until he too was killed. Uhtred’s marriage to Ælfgifu produced a daughter, Ealdgyth, who married Maldred, brother of Duncan I of Scotland and who gave birth to a son, Gospatric, who was Earl of Northumbria from 1068 to 1072. [Wikipedia] Dictionary of National Biography UHTRED or UCHTRED (d. 1016), Earl of Northumbria, was son of Waltheof the elder, earl of Northumbria, who had been deprived of the government of Deira (Yorkshire), the southern part of the earldom. Uhtred helped Ealdhun or Aldhun, bishop of Durham, when in 995 he moved his see from Chester-le-Street, to prepare the site for his new church. He married the bishop's daughter Ecgfrida, and received with her six estates belonging to the bishopric, on condition that as long as he lived he should keep her in honourable wedlock. When in 1006 the Scots invaded Northumbria under their king, Malcolm II (d. 1034) [q. v.], and besieged Durham, Waltheof, who was old and unfit for war, shut himself up in Bamborough; but Uhtred, who was a valiant warrior, went to the relief of his father-in-law the bishop, defeated the Scots, and slew a great number of them. Ethelred II (968?-1016) [q. v.], on hearing of Uhtred's success, gave him his father's earldom, adding to it the government of Deira. Uhtred then sent back the bishop's daughter, restoring the estates of the church that he had received with her, and married Sigen, the daughter of a rich citizen, probably of York or Durham, named Styr Ulfson, receiving her on condition that he would slay her father's deadly enemy, Thurbrand. He did not fulfil this condition and seems to have parted with Sigen also; for as he was of great service to the king in war, Ethelred gave him his daughter Elgiva or Ælfgifu to wife. When Sweyn [q. v.], king of Denmark, sailed into the Humber in 1013, Uhtred promptly submitted to him; but when Canute [q. v.] asked his aid in 1015 he returned, it is said, a lofty refusal, declaring that so long as he lived he would keep faithful to Ethelred, his lord and father-in-law. He joined forces with the king's son Edmund in 1016, and together they ravaged the shires that refused to help them against the Danes. Finding, however, that Canute was threatening York, Uhtred hastened northwards, and was forced to submit to the Danish king and give him hostages. Canute bade him come to him at a place called Wiheal (possibly Wighill, near Tadcaster), and instructed or allowed his enemy Thurbrand to slay him there. As Uhtred was entering into the presence of the king a body of armed men of Canute's retinue emerged from behind a curtain and slew him and forty thegns who accompanied him, and cut off their heads. He was succeeded in his earldom by Canute's brother-in-law Eric, and on Eric's banishment the earldom came to Uhtred's brother, Eadwulf Cutel, who had probably ruled the northern part of it under Eric. By Ecgfrida, Uhtred had a son named Ealdred (or Aldred), who succeeded his uncle, Eadwulf Cutel, in Bernicia, the northern part of Northumbria, slew his father's murderer, Thurband, and was himself slain by Thurbrand's son Carl; he left five daughters, one of whom, named Elfleda, became the wife of Earl Siward [q. v.] and the mother of Earl Waltheof [q. v.]. By Ethelred's daughter Elgiva, Uhtred had a daughter named Aldgyth or Eadgyth, who married Maldred, and became the mother of Gospatric (or Cospatric), earl of Northumberland [q. v.]. He also had two other sons-Eadwulf, who succeeded his brother Ealdred as earl in Bernicia and was slain by Siward, and Gospatric. His wife, Ecgfrida, married again after he had repudiated her, and had a daughter named Sigrid, who had three husbands, one of them being this last-named Eadwulf, the son of her mother's husband. Ecgfrida was again repudiated, returned to her father, became a nun and died, and was buried at Durham (on these northern marriages see Robertson's Essays, p. 172). [De Obsid. Dunelm. ap. Sym. of Durham, i. 215-20, also ii. 197, 383; Will. of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum, ii. cc. 170, 180 (both Rolls Ser.); A.-S. Chron. ann. 1013, 1016; Flor. Wig. (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Freeman's Norm. Conq. i. 358, 394, 416.] | Earl Of Northumberland, Uchtred (I1877)
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| 1591 | Uctred (or Hadrian) de Tyndale, Lord of Tyndale, the probable ancestor of the Barons de Tyndale and the Tyndale/Tindal family. Their daughter, Hextilda, married Richard Comyn, Justiciar of Lothian. The claims of John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch to the crown in the Great Cause came from Donald through Bethóc and Hextilda. | de Tyndale, Uctred Lord of Tyndale (I251)
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| 1592 | Udo was a 9th-century nobleman of East Francia, a son of Gebhard, Count of Lahngau, and older brother of Berengar I of Neustria. He and his brother were afforded their position in the March of Neustria both by kinship to Adalard the Seneschal and the favour of Charles the Bald. With his brothers, Berengar and Waldo the Abbot, he took part in the 861 revolt of Carloman of Bavaria, possible his cousin-in-law, against Louis the German. The revolt was crushed and the three brothers fled with their relative Adalard to the court of the West Frankish king, Charles the Bald, who granted them wardship of the march against the Vikings while the march against the Bretons was granted to Robert the Strong. Charles' patronage of the family provoked the jealousy of the Rorgonids, the most powerful family local to Neustria and then controlling the ducatus Cenomannicus (Maine). In 865, they allied with Saloman of Brittany and attacked the brothers. Charles, to attain peace, took the march back and gave it to Gauzfrid, a Rorgonid. A charter of 879 mentions Udo and his brothers taking part in the foundation of the college of Gemünden. Evidently, the death of Louis the German in 876 had allowed them to return to the court of Carloman. He left a son, Conrad, Duke of Thuringia, who was the founder of the Conradine dynasty and father of Conrad I of Germany. A younger son, Rudolf, became Bishop of Würzburg. | of Neustria, Udo (I5374)
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| 1593 | Ulric Manfred II (or Olderico Manfredi II or Manfredo Udalrico; 992 - 29 October 1034) was the Margrave of Turin and Susa in the early 11th century. Biography Born in Turin, Ulric Manfred was the son of Manfred I. Ulric Manfred inherited a vast march centred on Turin (1000), which had been created from the lands of Arduin Glaber. By a charter dated 31 July 1001, the Emperor Otto III confirmed his possessions and granted him several privileges. This grant was requested by Hugonis marchionis, probably Hugh the Great, margrave of Tuscany. Ulric Manfred, immediately upon his succession, began to consolidate his power vis-Ã -vis Arduin of the March of Ivrea on one hand and the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II on the other. In the fight over the regnum Italicum, he gained a great deal of territory at the expense of the Eporedian march. By the preserved notarial deeds of a priest named Sigifred (1021 and 1031), a precise catalogue of the cities under his control can be known: Turin, Ivrea, Albenga, Ventimiglia, Auriate, Tortona, and Vercelli. In all the wars between Arduin and Henry, Ulric Manfred prudently avoided any confrontation with the two leaders and gradually extended his territories by arms (he was at war with the margrave of Tuscany, Boniface III, in 1016) and by increasing his authority within his proper domains. In 1024, following the death of Henry, he opposed the election of Conrad II and instead invited William V of Aquitaine to take the Italian throne, but to no avail. Ulric Manfred, though his capital was Turin, rarely resided in that strategic, but small city. He lived an itinerant life typical for an early eleventh century feudal lord, moving from castle to castle in order to maintain his control and to effect the administration of his dominions. His daughter Adelaide abandoned Turin as a capital and the itinerant baronial lifestyle for setting up house in Susa. Ulric Manfred restored the old church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Susa and Novalesa Abbey. He also founded, in 1029, a new Benedictine abbey in Susa, for the relics of Saint Justus of Novalesa (Italian: San Giusto) and also dedicated to him. The church of the Abbey of San Giusto is now Susa Cathedral. He fortified the villages of Exilles and Bardonecchia. He died at Turin and was buried there in the cathedral. Family Ulric Manfred married Bertha (born 997) of the Obertenghi, daughter of Oberto II, in 1014. That year, the Emperor Henry confirmed their joint donation to the abbey of Fruttuaria. On 29 December 1037, the Emperor Conrad confirmed a donation to San Giusto expressly without her. She must therefore have died in the meanwhile. Other than his aforementioned heir, Adelaide, Ulric Manfred had two other daughters: Irmgard (also Emilia or Immula; died 28 January 1078), married Otto III, Duke of Swabia Bertha (died after 1050), inherited Vasto and Busco, married Otto, Marquis of Liguria (a great-grandson of Aleram) and was the mother of Boniface del Vasto | Ulric Manfred II of Turin (I5422)
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| 1594 | Umberto I (c. 980-1047/1048) (in French, Humbert aux blanches-mains; in Italian, Umberto Biancamano) was the first Count of Savoy from 1032, when the County of Vienne, which had been sold to the Archdiocese of Vienne, was divided between the County of Albon and the Maurienne. Humbert came of noble stock, possibly from Saxony, Italy, Burgundy or Provence. He is also called Umberto the White-Handed (French: Humbert aux Blanches-Mains; Italian: Umberto Biancamano) reportedly to signify his generosity. However, this posthumously applied title may derive from a textual mistranslation of an early Latin record which actually refers to the walls of his castle, not his hands, as white. During the wars between Rudolph III of Burgundy and the Emperor Henry II, Umberto supported the latter with provisions and soldiers because he was related to the imperial family by marriage. Thus, in 1003, the emperor installed him as the Count of Aosta, a mountainous region then a part of Burgundy but today within Italy, and granted him the northern Viennois as a reward. Umberto in turn protected the right flank of Henry's army during his subsequent invasion of Italy in 1004. Umberto's lands were essentially autonomous after the death of Henry. Their mountainous inaccessibility and their minor importance lent them to being overlooked and ignored in the power struggles which inevitably followed the death of the emperor. In 1032, Umberto received the Maurienne, his native country, from the Emperor Conrad II, whom he had helped in his Italian campaigns against Aribert, Archbishop of Milan. He died at Hermillon, a town in the Maurienne region of present day Savoie, France. Family Umberto married Ancilla (Auxilia or Ancilia) of Lenzburg, the daughter of the master of ceremonies of Burgundy, and had at least four sons: Amadeus I (died 1056), Count of Savoy, successor Aymon (died 1054 or 1055), Bishop of Sion Burchard (died 1068 or 1069), Archbishop of Lyon Otto (died ca. 1057), Count of Savoy, successor of his brother Some authors believe that he had additional sons. | Umberto I Count of Savoy (I5419)
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| 1595 | United States of America, Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930 | Source (S107)
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| 1596 | United States of America, Bureau of the Census, Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930 | Source (S317)
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| 1597 | United States of America, Bureau of the Census, Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900 | Source (S43)
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| 1598 | United States of America, Bureau of the Census, Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900 | Source (S350)
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| 1599 | United States, Selective Service System, World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration | Source (S67)
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| 1600 | United States, Selective Service System, World War I Selective Service System Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration | Source (S488)
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