Notes
Matches 251 to 300 of 1,662
| Notes | Linked to | |
| 251 | Cook County Clerk, Cook County Clerk Genealogy Records, Cook County Clerk’s Office, Chicago, IL: Cook County Clerk, 2008 | Source (S109)
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| 252 | Could not write according to 1911 Census. | Poole, Richard (I6598)
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| 253 | Count in the Kinziggau. | of Gleibur, Heribert Count of Gleibur I (I54)
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| 254 | Count of la Roche and warden of Stavelot and Malmedy, wife, Matilda of Limburg. Her paternal grandfather was Albert III, Count of Namur; her maternal grandfather was Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine. | Henry I Count of la Roche (I5486)
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| 255 | Countess Judith (born in Normandy between 1054 and 1055, died after 1086), was a niece of William the Conqueror. She was a daughter of his sister Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale and Lambert II, Count of Lens. In 1070, Judith married Earl Waltheof of Huntingdon and Northumbria. They had three children, the eldest daughter, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland. In 1075, Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. It was the last serious act of resistance against the Norman conquest of England. Judith betrayed Waltheof to her uncle, who had Waltheof beheaded on 31 May 1076. After Waltheof's execution Judith was betrothed by William to Simon I of St. Liz, 1st Earl of Northampton. Judith refused to marry Simon and she fled the country to avoid William's anger. He then temporarily confiscated all of Judith's English estates. Judith founded Elstow Abbey in Bedfordshire around 1078. She also founded churches at Kempston and Hitchin. She had land-holdings in 10 counties in the Midlands and East Anglia. Her holdings included land at: Earls Barton, Northamptonshire Great Doddington, Northamptonshire Grendon, Northamptonshire Merton, Oxfordshire Potton, Bedfordshire The parish of Sawtry Judith in Huntingdonshire is named after the Countess. From the Domesday Book In POTONE Hugh holds ½ virgate of land from the Countess. Land for 1 plough; it is there, with 1 smallholder. The value is and was 5s; before 1066, 2s. Earl Tosti held this land in Potton, his manor. Countess Judith holds POTONE herself. It answers for 10 hides. Land for 12 ploughs. In lordship 3½ hides; 3 ploughs there. 18 villagers and 2 Freemen with 8 ploughs; a ninth possible. 13 smallholders and 3 slaves. 1 mill, 5s; meadow for 12 ploughs; pasture for the village livestock. In total, value £12; when acquired 100s; before 1066 £13. King Edward held this manor; it was Earl Tosti's. There were 4 Freemen who had 1 hide and 1 virgate; they could grant to whom they would. In (Cockayne) HATLEY Countess Judith holds 3 hides and 2½ virgates as one manor. Land for 6½ ploughs. In lordship 1 hide and ½ virgate; 2 ploughs there. 8 villagers with 4½ ploughs; woodland, 4 pigs. Value £6 5s; when acquired 100s; before 1066 £6. Earl Tosti held this manor. It lies in Potton, the Countess' own manor. A Freeman had 1 virgate; he could grant and sell, and withdraw to another lord. Ranulf brother of Ilger holds EVERTON from the Countess. It answers for 5 hides. Land for 5 ploughs; 2 ploughs there; 3 possible. 4 villagers; 5 smallholders. Meadow for 1 plough. Value £3; when acquired 100s; as much before 1066. Earl Tosti held this manor. It lay in Potton, the Countess' own manor. | of Lens, Judith (I1821)
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| 256 | Cremated | Bosdet, Mary Ann (I239)
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| 257 | Crisp's London Marriage Licences, Canterbury, Kent, England: The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies | Source (S105)
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| 258 | Crisp's London Marriage Licences, Canterbury, Kent, England: The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies | Source (S399)
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| 259 | Cunedda ap Edern, fl. 5th century; also known as Cunedda Wledig ("holder of lands"), was an important early Welsh leader, and the progenitor of the royal dynasty of Gwynedd. Background and life The name Cunedda derives from the Brythonic word kunodagos, meaning good hound. His genealogy is traced back to Padarn Beisrudd, which literally translates as Paternus of the Scarlet Robe. One traditional interpretation identifies Padarn as a Roman (or Romano-British) official of reasonably high rank who had been placed in command of Votadini troops stationed in the Clackmannanshire region of Scotland in the 380s or earlier by the Emperor Magnus Maximus. Alternatively, he may have been a frontier chieftain who was granted Roman military rank, a practice attested elsewhere along the empire's borders at the time. In all likelihood, Padarn's command in Scotland was assumed after his death by his son, Edern (Latin: Æturnus), and then passed to Edern's son, Cunedda. Cunedda's invasion of Wales Cunedda and his forebears led the Votadini against Pictish and Irish incursions south of Hadrian's Wall. Sometime after this, the Votadini troops under Cunedda relocated to North Wales in order to defend the region from Irish invasion, specifically the Uà Liatháin, as mentioned in the Historia Brittonum. Cunedda established himself in Wales, in the territory of the Venedoti, which would become the centre of the kingdom of Gwynedd. Two explanations for these actions have been suggested: either Cunedda was acting under the orders of Maximus (or Maximus's successors) or Vortigern, the high king of the British in the immediate post-Roman era. The range of dates (suggested by Peter Bartrum) runs from the late 370s, which would favor Maximus, to the late 440s, which would favor Vortigern. The suggestion that Cunedda was operating under instructions from Rome has been challenged by several historians. David Dumville dismisses the whole concept of transplanting foederati from Scotland to Wales in this manner, given that the political state of sub-Roman Britain would probably have made it impossible to exercise such centralised control by the fifth century. As Maximus himself was dead by the end of 388, and Constantine III departed from Britain with the last of Rome's military forces in 407, less than a generation later, it is doubtful that Rome had much direct influence over the military actions of the Votadini, either through Maximus or any other emissary, for any significant length of time. Maximus (or his successors) may have handed over control of the British frontiers to local chieftains at an earlier date; with the evacuation of the fort at Chester (which Mike Ashley, incidentally, argues is most likely where Cunedda established his initial base in the region, some years later) in the 370s, he may have had little option. Given that the archaeological record demonstrates Irish settlement on the Lly^n Peninsula however and possible raids as far west as Wroxeter by the late 4th century, it is difficult to conceive of either Roman or allied British forces having presented an effective defence in Wales. Academics such as Sheppard Frere have argued that it may have been Vortigern who, adopting elements of Roman statecraft, moved the Votadini south, just as he invited Saxon settlers to protect other parts of the island. According to this version of events, Vortigern would have instructed Cunedda and his Votadini subjects to move to Wales in response to the aforementioned Irish incursions no later than the year 442, when Vortigern's former Saxon allies rebelled against his rule. Cunedda's supposed grandson Maelgwn Gwynedd was a contemporary of Gildas,[1][2] and according to the Annales Cambriae died in 547. The reliability of early Welsh genealogies is not uncontested however, and many of the claims regarding the number and identity of Cunedda's heirs did not surface until as late as the 10th century. Nonetheless, if we accept this information as valid, calculating back from this date suggests the mid-5th century interpretation. Of Cunedda personally even less is known. Probably celebrated for his strength, courage, and ability to rally the beleaguered Romano-British forces of the region, he eventually secured a politically advantageous marriage to Gwawl, daughter of Coel Hen, the Romano-British ruler of Eboracum (modern York), and is claimed to have had nine sons. The early kingdoms of Ceredigion and Meirionnydd were supposedly named after his two sons Ceredig and Meirion. Allt Cunedda The hill of Allt Cunedda close to Cydweli in Carmarthenshire is probably associated with this Cunedda and suggests his campaigns against the Irish extended from Gwynedd into to south west Wales. Amateur excavations of this site in the nineteenth century revealed an Iron Age hill fort and several collapsed stone cists containing the buried but well preserved skeletons of several men with formidable physical proportions. At least one of these was found in the seated position and another buried beneath a massive stone "shield" who had apparently been killed by a head wound. The bones appear to have been sent to various museums and have all since been woefully lost. One of the tumuli was known locally as Banc Benisel and was reputedly the grave of a Sawyl Penuchel, a legendary King of the Britons presumably from late Iron Age Britain. His epithet Penuchel or Ben Uchel means "high head" perhaps on account of his height. According to the Welsh Life of Saint Cadoc, a king named Sawyl Penuchel held court at Allt Cunedda. Confusingly, Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Historia Regum Britanniae (1136), uses the name Samuil Penessil for a legendary pre-Roman king of Britain, preceded by Redechius and succeeded by Pir. Whether this is the same king and Cadoc's tale is just revisiting an old folk memory, this a different man of the same name, or simply an error by the composer of the Life, is unclear. Much of the archaeological evidence was inadvertently destroyed by J. Fenton's expedition in 1851 and it is not known if all the great men buried at this site were contemporaries or if there were successive burials on a site with long term cultural significance. The name connection with Cunedda makes it tempting to speculate that the great Cunedda himself may have been buried at this site; a site whose Iron Age notoriety may well have maintained a cultural importance well after the end of the Roman period and into the Dark Ages. The folk memories of people living near Allt Cunedda that were recorded by the Victorian antiquarians suggests an enduring respect for this site of deep historic importance. Immediate family Immediate ancestors Eternus (Edeyrn) father Paternus (Padarn Beisrudd, of the red robe) grandfather Tacitus (Tegid) great grandfather Issue Osmail Rumanus Dunautus Eternus Ceretic Abloyc Enniaun Girt (Einion Yrth) Docmail Typiaun | ap Edern, Cunedda (I5610)
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| 260 | Cutha Cathwulf was the third son of Cuthwine and consequently a member of the House of Wessex. Although a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert, (see House of Wessex family tree), Cathwulf was never king. He is said to have been born in c. 592 and his death date is unknown. His brothers were Cynebald and Cedda; his son was Ceolwald of Wessex; nothing more of his life is known. Due to the similarity of his name to his father's name, and the shadowy nature of early Anglo-Saxon genealogies, it appears that he was often confused with his father Cuthwine. For example, Caedwalla was said to be the son of Cedda and the grandson of Cutha, where Cutha here presumably refers to Cuthwine, since Cedda is also said to be the brother of Cathwulf, the name by which Cutha Cathwulf was more commonly known. Early life Cathwulf was born in tumultuous times. He was the third son of Cuthwine, son of Ceawlin, son of Cynric, the son of Cerdic, the first of the Saxons to come across the sea from Germany; and he and his people were still relatively out of place in a world dominated by the Britons. He was born in the final year of his father's time as prince of the Saxons. Ceawlin lost the throne of Wessex in June 592. The annal for that year in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reads, at least in part: “Here there was great slaughter at Woden’s Barrow, and Ceawlin was driven out.†Woden’s Barrow is a tumulus, now called Adam’s Grave, at Alton Priors, Wiltshire. His opponent was Ceol, the next king of Wessex, who ruled for six years. The origins of the battle are unclear; it is probable that nothing more than greed and a lust for power motivated Ceol. Cuthwine, then twenty-seven, was a commander in the fateful battle; but upon defeat, as the rightful heir to the throne, he fled the place along with his young sons. The following year (593) saw the deaths of Ceawlin and all his brothers in unclear circumstances, although most likely in another battle. Cuthwine escaped from this defeat also, and went into exile to the east with his young family. If Ceol and Ceolwulf made efforts to eradicate the members of the original branch of the ruling family, they were unsuccessful. At any rate the Cuthwines remained at large during this period, far from fugitives after the first few years of their supposed exile. Ceol, described as a ruthless leader, was a son of another prince called Cutha (the brother of Ceawlin and a son of Cynric) and hence a cousin of Cuthwine; and Ceolwulf, his brother, reigned for seventeen years after him. Great fragmentation of control among the West Saxons occurred at this time: Ceol and Ceolwulf were in control of Wiltshire, as opposed to the upper Thames valley where Cuthwine and his household were almost certainly based. Cathwulf had two brothers; Cynebald, born 585, and Cedda, born 590. The name of their mother is not recorded, but it is possible that she died in the tumult surrounding Cuthwine's flight into exile given that Cuthwine had no more children after that time. Later life Details about the activities of Cathwulf during most of his life in exile are very hard to come by. He and his brothers remained in a powerful position throughout the reign of Cynegils, son of Ceol; and then Cenwalh, son of Cynegils, became king. In the year 645 Penda of Mercia overran the kingdom (in return for Cenwalh's repudiation of Penda's sister) and was for three years king, sending Cenwalh into exile in East Anglia. Cathwulf is recorded as having been present at the negotiations along with his brothers (although some sources say it was Cuthwine, which could of course mean his father), but little more is known of his activities. Nevertheless, much can be deduced. If this experienced prince was not the sole ruler of Wessex during the years of Cenwalh's exile (naturally in a subservient position to Penda) then it is likely that he was a member of the ruling body; but, given the tangled diplomacy of the times and his eastern power base, it is equally likely that he aided Cenwalh in his successful attempt to regain the throne in 648. After this, he appears infrequently as a shadowy figure, apparently already passing into legend among the common people as a result of his long-held position against the (at times) brutal role of Ceol and his family. He probably died sometime during the second period of Cenwalh's reign, as he would have been past eighty by the year 672 when Cenwalh died, and there are no records of him doing anything in the turbulent times succeeding Cenwalh's death. It seems inconceivable that he would have lived to see the reinstatement of his line to the throne of Wessex. This enigmatic prince and his long roster of descendants were not forgotten by the West Saxons, however. When the line of Ceol finally became extinct, first Caedwalla of Wessex and then Ine of Wessex became king; the first a great-nephew, and the second a grandson of Cathwulf. Nowadays he occurs in many places simply as one of a long list of names in the descent from Egbert back to the dawn of time, but it is thanks to him that this continuous descent can be traced at all. Family and move to Devon In about the year 620 it appears that the upper Thames valley where the household of Cathwulf was based became too small to comfortably hold the three brothers. As the youngest, Cathwulf was the one who was forced to move - at any rate this is a sensible deduction given that he later turns up in what is now east Devon, on the western marches of Wessex and in constant conflict with Dumnonia. This was a Celtic tribe that inhabited Cornwall, although in Cathwulf's time their sphere of influence was much greater, extending over most of what is now Devon as well. The chronology of English dominance over Cornwall is unclear, but inevitably at about this time Cornwall came into conflict with the westerly-expanding kingdom of Wessex. There are no recorded charters or legal agreements showing Cornwall as part of Wessex. Furthermore, there is little economic, military, social, cultural or archaeological evidence that Wessex established control over Cornwall, certainly not in those early days. The Britons in Dumnonia were cut off from their allies in Wales by Ceawlin of Wessex's victory at Dyrham in 577, but since sea travel was easier than land, the blow may not have been severe. Clemen ap Bledric is thought to have been king when the Britons fought the Battle of Beandun (possibly Bindon near Axmouth in east Devon) in 614. The battle site suggests that the Dumnonian army was invading Wessex using the Roman road eastward from Exeter to Dorchester and was intercepted by a West Saxon garrison marching south. The Flores Historiarum, attributed incorrectly to Matthew of Westminster, states that the Britons were still in possession of Exeter in 632, when it was bravely defended against Penda of Mercia until relieved by Cadwallon, who engaged and defeated the Mercians with "great slaughter to their troops". Geoffrey of Monmouth also details an account of the siege in his pseudo-historic Historia Brittonum, stating that Cadwallon made an alliance with the British nobility. From this circumstantial evidence comes further consolidation that the boundary between Wessex and Dumnonia ran through east Devon, more or less where Cathwulf was based. A theory can thus be deduced; that Cathwulf, unwelcome in the lands of his brothers or in the land closely controlled by the king Cynegils, was forced to move to the very edges of the kingdom. He and his people may even have been sent there in the hope that they would be killed by the Dumnonians. The date of the move is unclear, although if it was before 614 then Cathwulf would have been the West Saxon commander at the Battle of Beandun mentioned above. This seems likely. It is known that Cathwulf married a Dumnonian princess Gwynhafar, almost certainly a daughter of Clemen ap Bledric, as part of a (temporary, at least) alliance - probably the one mentioned above by Geoffrey of Monmouth, or maybe an earlier one. The marriage was perhaps unsuccessful, as he is believed to only have had one son, Ceolwald of Wessex. | Cuthwulf (I4583)
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| 261 | Cuthwine, born c. 565, was a member of the House of Wessex, son of Ceawlin of Wessex. After the deposition of his father Ceawlin from the throne of Wessex in 592 he did not inherit the throne which passed to his cousin, Ceol. Instead he went into exile for many decades, remaining a strong leader of the Saxons and passing on the royal line through his three sons. Early life He was born in the fifth year of his father's long reign over the West Saxons. He was a grandson of Cynric, the son of Cerdic, the first of the Saxons to come across the sea from Germany; and he and his people were still relatively out of place in a world dominated by the Britons. Nothing is known of his early life. Ceawlin lost the throne of Wessex in June 592. The annal for that year in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reads, at least in part: “Here there was great slaughter at Woden’s Barrow, and Ceawlin was driven out.†Woden’s Barrow is a tumulus, now called Adam’s Grave, at Alton Priors, Wiltshire. His opponent was Ceol, the next king of Wessex, who ruled for six years. Ceawlin died in exile the following year, along with Cwichelm and Crida, his brothers and commanders of the armies is what is now Dorset and Hampshire. The origins of the battle are unclear; it is probable that nothing more than greed and a lust for power motivated Ceol. Cuthwine, then twenty-seven, was a commander in the fateful battle; but upon defeat, as the rightful heir to the throne, he fled the place along with his family. Exile As stated above, the following year (593) saw the deaths of his father and uncles in unclear circumstances, although likely in another battle. Cuthwine escaped from this defeat also, and went into exile to the east with his young family (see below). For the first few years at least he lived as an outlaw, although his persecution seems to have waned somewhat when Ceol was supplanted by his brother. Ceol, described as a ruthless leader, was a son of Cutha (the brother of Ceawlin and a son of Cynric) and hence a cousin of Cuthwine; and Ceolwulf, his brother, reigned for seventeen years after him. Great fragmentation of control among the West Saxons occurred at this time: Ceol and Ceolwulf were in control of Wiltshire, as opposed to the upper Thames valley where Cuthwine and his household were almost certainly based. Other factions are believed to have existed in Devon and Gloucestershire as the house of Ceol struggled to increase their supremacy over Wessex. If Ceol and Ceolwulf made efforts to eradicate the members of the original branch of the ruling family, they were unsuccessful. At any rate Cuthwine remained at large during this period and some sources indicate that around the year 605 Ceolwulf may have been forced into a power-sharing deal with him, his brother (with whom he had previously shared power) having been dead seven years. At any rate, Cuthwine was far from a fugitive after the first few years of his supposed exile. In his princely years before the death of his father Cuthwine had at least three sons; Cynebald, born 585; Cedda, born 590, and Cutha Cathwulf, born 592. The name of their mother is not recorded, but it is possible that she died in the tumult surrounding Cuthwine's flight into exile given that Cuthwine had no more children after that time. Cedda became the father of Coenberht, in turn the Caedwalla of Wessex and his brother Mul of Kent, both kings in later years. Through Cutha Cathwulf, Cuthwine's youngest son, were ultimately descended the Kings of Wessex after the line of Ceol became extinct in 685. Later life He lived a long life, remaining in a powerful position throughout the reign of Cynegils son of Ceol; and then Cenwalh, son of Cynegils, became king. In the year 645 Penda of Mercia overran the kingdom (in return for Cenwalh's repudiation of Penda's sister) and was for three years king, sending Cenwalh into exile in East Anglia. Cuthwine is recorded as having been present at the negotiations along with his sons, but little more is known of his activities. Nevertheless, much can be deduced. If this experienced prince was not the sole ruler of Wessex during the years of Cenwalh's exile (naturally in a subservient position to Penda) then it is likely that he was a member of the ruling body; but, given the tangled diplomacy of the times and his eastern power base, it is equally likely that he aided Cenwalh in his successful attempt to regain the throne in 648. After this, he appears infrequently as a shadowy figure, apparently already passing into legend among the common people as a result of his long-held position against the (at times) brutal role of Ceol and his family. There is reason to suggest that he was already dead by this time; at any rate he would have been past eighty by the beginning of Cenwalh's reign and it seems inconceivable that he would have lived to see the reinstatement of his line to the throne of Wessex. This enigmatic prince and his long roster of descendants were not forgotten by the West Saxons, however. When the line of Ceol finally became extinct, first Caedwalla of Wessex and then Ine of Wessex became king; both great-grandsons of Cuthwine. Egbert of Wessex, ancestor of the later Kings of England, descends from Ine's brother and hence also from Cuthwine.[3] | Cuthwine (I1133)
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| 262 | Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri (English: Cynan of Dindaethwy, son of Rhodri) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 798 - 816). His reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with his brother Hywel, and is not otherwise notable. The descriptive appellation 'Dindaethwy' refers to the cwmwd (English: commote) of that name in the cantref of Rhosyr, and the location of Cynan's llys (English: royal court) at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast of Anglesey. Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd after the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798. Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as Lloyd's History of Wales, which does not cite its source. Sources such as the Annales Cambriae mention them by name only. The genealogy of Jesus College MS. 20 gives Hywel as the son of Caradog ap Meirion, while it gives Cynan as the son of Rhodri Molwynog, as does the Harleian genealogies. There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy, the ancient fortified llys of Maelgwn Gwynedd and built of wood, was struck by lightning. A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on Anglesey between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year, the Annales Cambriae noting that King Cynan had died, as do the Irish Annals. In 817, after Cynan's death, there was a notable battle at his llys at Llanfaes on Anglesey. The combatants are not identified | Cynan King of Gwynedd (I1907)
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| 263 | Cynric was King of Wessex from 534 to 560. Everything known about him comes from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. There he is stated to have been the son of Cerdic, and also (in the regnal list in the preface) to have been the son of Cerdic's son, Creoda. During his reign it is said that he captured Searobyrig or Old Sarum, near Salisbury, in 552, and that in 556 he and his son Ceawlin won a battle against the Britons at Beranburh, now identified as Barbury Castle. If these dates are accurate, then it is unlikely that the earlier entries in the chronicle, starting with his arrival in Britain with his father Cerdic in 495, are correct. David Dumville has suggested that his true regnal dates are 554-581. | King Of West Saxons, Cynric (I1132)
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| 264 | D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/6/A208 Registration Card of Eva Mary Bosdet, née Bacey, of La Cloture, Beaumont, St Lawrence, born 19/02/1894 13/01/1941 - 13/01/1941 D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/6/B208 Blue Registration Form of Eva Mary Bosdet, née Bacey, of La Cloture, Beaumont, St Lawrence, born 19/02/1894 13/01/1941 - 13/01/1941 D/Y/B1/96 D/Y/B1/96/1 Will and Testament of Eva Mary Bacey, widow of John Harry Rose Bosdet, of Maryville, Bel Royal, St Lawrence. Dated 26/09/1964. [Includes one closed document] 14/03/1966 - 14/03/1966 | Bacey, Eva Mary (I307)
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| 265 | D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/6/B832 Blue Registration Form of John Bosdet Laurens, of La Chasserie, St Lawrence born 27/03/1896 09/01/1941 - 09/01/1941 D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/6/A832 Registration Card of John Bosdet Laurens, of La Chasserie, St Lawrence born 27/03/1896 09/01/1941 - 09/01/1941 D/Y/B1/158 D/Y/B1/158/33 Will and Testament of John Bosdet Laurens, of Radley, Rue du Galet, Millbrook, St Lawrence and formerly of La Chasserie, St Lawrence. Dated 27/10/1951. [Includes one closed document] 04/05/1971 - 04/05/1971 | Laurens, John Bosdet (I2671)
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| 266 | D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/9/A745 Registration card of Edith Bosdet Le Marquand, née Laurens, of Beaulieu, St Ouen, born 15/06/1892 14/01/1941 - 14/01/1941 D/S Immigration and Nationality Department D/S/A/9/B745 Blue registration form of Edith Bosdet Le Marquand, née Laurens, of Beaulieu, St Ouen, born 15/06/1892 14/01/1941 - 14/01/1941 | Laurens, Edith Bosdet (I3437)
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| 267 | D/Y Judicial Greffe D/Y/A/73/58 Will and Testament of John George Bosdet, St Ouen. Dated 16 October 1913. 01/06/1914 - 01/06/1914 1908 Jersey Times & British Press Almanac J G Bosdet Rue a' l'Eau, St Ouen | Bosdet, John George (I3951)
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| 268 | D/Y Judicial Greffe D/Y/A/75/132 Testament of Jane Marguerite Bosdet,widow King. Dated 12 July 1910. 23/11/1916 - 23/11/1916 | Bosdet, Jane Marguerite (I46)
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| 269 | D/Y Judicial Greffe D/Y/A/87/93 - Testament of Annie Elizabeth Woodman wife of John Harry Bosdet, Boscobel Farm, St Peter, dated 3 December 1920. (15/06/1927) D/Y Judicial Greffe D/Y/A/55/61 Will and Testament of Thomas Woodman of Villa Donna, Millbrook, St Lawrence. Dated 01/05/1896. Bequeaths toMatilda Elizabeth Bishop the property Villa Donna, to Annie ElizabethWoodman the property Glenrose Cottage, St Lawrence, to Robert Woodmana house at La Ville ès Nouaux, St Aubin's Road, St Helier, to Robert Woodman junior the property Prima Donna, St Brelade, to Thomas HerbertWoodman a house and land in St Peter's Marsh, St Peter. Codicil added02/06/1896. Includes papers relating to the appointment of Philippe John Huelin, George Woodman and Harry Gould as executors. 04/07/1896 - 04/07/1896 | Woodman, Annie Elizabeth (I6153)
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| 270 | Dangereuse de L'Isle Bouchard (1079-1151) was a daughter of Barthelemy de L'Isle Bouchard and his wife Gerberge de Blaison. She was the maternal grandmother of the celebrated Eleanor of Aquitaine. She was also mistress to her granddaughters' paternal grandfather William IX, Duke of Aquitaine. Dangereuse is also known as La Maubergeonne. Family Dangereuse's paternal grandparents were Archimbaud Borel de Bueil and Agnes de L'Isle Bouchard. Her maternal grandparents were Eon de Blaison and Tcheletis de Trèves. Through her granddaughter, Dangereuse was an ancestor of various nobles and monarchs including: Richard I of England, Marie, Countess of Champagne, John of England, Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, Joan, Queen of Sicily, Eleanor, Queen of Castile, Matilda, Duchess of Saxony and Henry the Young King. Her granddaughter Eleanor was Queen consort of France, Queen consort of England and Duchess of Aquitaine (in her own right). Life Marriage Dangereuse married Viscount Aimery I of Châtellerault at an unknown date. She advised her husband to donate property to Saint-Denis en Vaux in a charter dated 1109, which means they were married before this point. Dangereuse was a woman who did as she pleased and cared little for public opinion. Their marriage produced five children (two sons and three daughters): Hugh (died before 1176) succeeded his father as Viscount Raoul (died 1190) married Elisabeth de Faye and had issue Aenor/Eleanor (c. 1103 - March 1130) married William X, Duke of Aquitaine, mother to Duchess Eleanor and Petronilla Amable, married Wulgrin II, Count of Angoulême Aois (fate unknown) Dangereuse and Aimery were married for around seven years before she left her husband to become the mistress to Duke William IX; this became an infamous liaison. Mistress to William IX Whilst travelling through Poitou, Duke William met the "seductive" Dangereuse.[5] This led to her leaving her husband for Duke William IX of Aquitaine, who was excommunicated by the church for "abducting her"; however, she appeared to have been a willing party in the matter. He installed her in the Maubergeonne tower of his castle in Poitiers (leading to her nickname La Maubergeonne), and, as related by William of Malmesbury, even painted a picture of her on his shield. Upon returning to Poitiers from Toulouse, his wife Philippa of Toulouse was enraged to discover a rival woman living in her palace. She appealed to her friends at court and to the Church;[8] however, no noble could assist her since William was their feudal overlord, and whilst the Papal legate Giraud complained to William and told him to return Dangereuse to her husband, William's only response to the bald legate was, "Curls will grow on your pate before I part with the Viscountess." Humiliated, Philippa chose in 1116 to retire to the Abbey of Fontevrault, where she was befriended, ironically, by Ermengarde of Anjou, William's first wife. Dangereuse and William had three children: Henri (died after 1132), a monk and later Prior of Cluny Adelaide, married Raoul de Faye Sybille, Abbess of Saintes Some believe that Raymond of Poitiers, was a child of William and Dangereuse, rather than by Philippa of Toulouse. The primary source which names his mother has not so far been identified. However, he is not named in other sources as a legitimate son of Willam IX. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that he was born from the duke's relationship with Dangereuse. If this is the case, Dangereuse was grandmother to Bohemund III of Antioch, Maria of Antioch and Philippa of Antioch. Philippa died two years later and William's first wife Ermengarde set out to avenge Philippa. In October 1119, she suddenly appeared at the Council of Reims being held by Pope Calixtus II and demanded that the Pope excommunicate William (again), oust Dangereuse from the ducal palace, and restore herself to her rightful place as Duchess consort. The Pope "declined to accommodate her"; however, she continued to trouble William for several years afterwards. The relationship between William and his legitimate son William were troubled by his father's liaison Dangereuse, this was only settled when the pair arranged the marriage between William the Younger and Dangereuse's daughter Aenor in 1121; the following year Eleanor was born. William died on 10 February 1126; nothing is recorded of Dangereuse after this point. Dangereuse died in 1151. | de l'Isle Bouchard, Dangereuse (I5676)
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| 271 | Daughter and heir of Ughtred, Prince of Northumberland. | Ealdgyth (I1798)
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| 272 | David ran his own linen drapery buisness. 68 Westfields Avenue, Barnes. Prior to 1962 the property was known as Cambridge House, Railway Street. The plot of land on which the house was one of 52 lots offered for sale by Walter Elliott Whittingham at the Guildhall Coffee House, London, on 12 Mar 1866. It was purchased by The British Land Company Ltd of London, who sold it to John Isaac Quinney, carpenter, of My Cottage, Railway Street, Barnes, for £37 on 28 Jan 1871 (-/1). Quinney mortgaged the property to the National Freehold Land Society on 10 Jul 1872. At this date his address is given as Cambridge House, Railway Street, and his profession that of pork butcher (-/2). In 1876, Quinney sold the property to David Dear, linen draper, of Hackney Road, Middx, for £158.7.9. The property now included a shop and stable (-/3). Dear conveyed the property to Horace Turner, gent, of Wandsworth Common in 1890 (-/4). [7077/1-24] | Dear, David (I6070)
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| 273 | de Lacy (Laci, Lacie, Lascy, Lacey) is the surname of an old Norman noble family originating from Lassy (Calvados). The first records are about Hugh de Lacy (1020-1049). Descendent of Hugh de Lacy left Normandy and travelled to England along with William the Conqueror. Walter and Ilbert de Lacy fought in the battle of Hastings. The family took a major role in the Norman conquest of England and Ireland. Up until 1399, the De Lacys held the great northern Lordship of Bowland before it passed through marriage to the Earldom, later Duchy of Lancaster as well as being Lords of Pontefract and later Earls of Lincoln. crest of de Lacy The family is linked to the Scottish Royal family; Elizabeth de Burgh, whose great grandfather was Walter de Lacy, married Robert the Bruce. Another link exists to the Royal Windsor family by Sarah Ferguson via Wingfield, Meade, O'Brien, FitzGerald, De Burgh and therefore back to Walter de Lacy and Hugh de Lacy. Hugh de Lacy (before 1040, lord of Lassy (Normandy) - 27 March 1085, Hereford). He had two sons, Ilbert and Walter, who probably fought at William's side at Hastings (see the Adalae Comitissae (To Countess Adela), by Baudri, abbot of Bourgeuil, who suggest Ilbert led the feint that led to the death of King Harold). There is no record of Walter Jnr fighting at Hastings. Ilbert was a major participant in the Harrying Of The North (1069-70, receiving vast land in West Yorkshire, where he built Pontefract Castle. | de Lacy, Hugh (I5595)
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| 274 | Death details from Nouvelle Chronique de Jersey 26.2.1881. "M. James John Bosdet died at the home of his son in law, Thornfield,25 Feb 1881, in 64th year." L/C/51 Alexandre Family Collection L/C/51/A4/4 Vente de Rente between James John Bosdet, son of Jean, of the first party and John Charles LeFeuvre, son of Jean, of the second party. Records the sale from 1 to2 of three quartiers of wheat of rente for the sum of 46 pounds Registered: Book 250, Folio 178 26/08/1871 26/08/1871 26/08/1871 - 26/08/1871 B/C/01 Bundles of legal documents, some contracts, c.1806-1855 Jersey Evening Post 19/07/1945 and States of Jersey regulations for the Arsenals 13/09/1844 B/C/01/E/3 Action between James John Bosdet procureur of Francois Marett and Marie Le Cornu appealing against a decision of the court - | Bosdet, James John (I6213)
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| 275 | Deputy sheriff of Lancashire (1150-1234) | le Vavasour, Robert (I5561)
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| 276 | Diarmait Mac Murchada (Modern Irish: Diarmait mac Murchadha or Diarmaid mac Murchadha), anglicized as Dermot MacMurrough or Dermod MacMurrough (1110-1 May 1171), was a King of Leinster in Ireland. In 1167, he was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland - Turlough Mór O'Connor (Irish: Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair). The grounds for the dispossession were that MacMurrough had, in 1152, abducted Derbforgaill, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, MacMurrough solicited help from King Henry II of England. In return, MacMurrough pledged an oath of allegiance to Henry, who sent troops in support. As a further thanks for his reinstatement, MacMurrough's daughter Aoife was married to Richard de Clare, the 2nd Earl of Pembroke (nicknamed "Strongbow"). Henry II then mounted a larger second invasion in 1171 to ensure his control over Strongbow, resulting in the Lordship of Ireland. MacMurrough was later known as Diarmait na nGall (Irish for "Diarmait of the Foreigners"). Early life and family MacMurrough was born around 1110, a son of Donnchad mac Murchada, King of Leinster and Dublin. His father's grandmother Dervorgilla (Derbforgaill) was a daughter of Donnchad, King of Munster and therefore she was a grand-daughter of Brian Boru. His father was killed in battle in 1115 by his cousin Sigtrygg Silkbeard, king of the Dublin Vikings, and was buried by them in Dublin along with the body of a dog, considered to be a huge insult. MacMurrough had two wives (as allowed under the Brehon Laws), the first of whom, Sadb of Uà Faeláin, was mother of a daughter named Órlaith who married Domnall Mór, King of Munster. His second wife, Mór Uà Tuathail, was mother of Aoife / Eva of Leinster and Conchobar Mac Murchada. He had two legitimate sons, Domnall Caemhánach (died 1175) and Énna Cennselach (blinded 1169). King of Leinster After the death of his older brother, Enna mac Donnchada Mac Murchada, Dermot unexpectedly became King of Leinster. This was opposed by the then High King of Ireland, Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair who feared (rightly) that Mac Murchada would become a rival. Toirdelbach sent one of his allied Kings, the belligerent Tigernán Ua Ruairc (Tiernan O'Rourke) to conquer Leinster and oust the young Mac Murchada. Ua Ruairc went on a brutal campaign slaughtering the livestock of Leinster and thereby trying to starve the province's residents. Mac Murchada was ousted from his throne, but was able to regain it with the help of Leinster clans in 1132. Afterwards followed two decades of an uneasy peace between Ua Conchobair and Diarmait. In 1152 he even assisted the High King to raid the land of Ua Ruairc who had by then become a renegade. Mac Murchada also is said to have "abducted" Ua Ruairc's wife Derbforgaill (English: Dervorgilla) along with all her furniture and goods, with the aid of Derbforgaill's brother, a future pretender to the kingship of Meath. It was said that Derbforgaill was not exactly an unwilling prisoner and she remained in Ferns with MacMurrough, in comfort, for a number of years. Her advanced age indicates that she may have been a refugee or a hostage. Whatever the reality, the "abduction" was given as a further reason for enmity between the two kings. Church builder As king of Leinster, in 1140-70 Dermot commissioned Irish Romanesque churches and abbeys at: Baltinglass - a Cistercian abbey (1148) Glendalough Ferns (his capital - St Mary's Abbey Augustinian Order) Killeshin He sponsored convents (nunneries) at Dublin (St Mary's, 1146), and in c.1151 two more at Aghade, County Carlow and at Kilculliheen near Waterford city. He also sponsored the successful career of churchman St Lawrence O'Toole (Lorcan Ua Tuathail). He married O'Toole's half-sister Mor in 1153 and presided at the synod of Clane in 1161 when O'Toole was installed as archbishop of Dublin. Exile and return In 1166, Ireland's new High King and Mac Murchada's only ally Muirchertach Ua Lochlainn had fallen, and a large coalition led by Tigernán Ua Ruairc (Mac Murchada's arch enemy) marched on Leinster. Ua Ruairc and his allies took Leinster with ease, and Mac Murchada and his wife barely escaped with their lives. Mac Murchada fled to Wales and from there to England and France, in order to have King Henry II's consent to be allowed to recruit soldiers to bring back to Ireland and reclaim his kingship. On returning to Wales, Robert Fitz-Stephen helped him organize a mercenary army of Norman and Welsh soldiers, including Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, alias Strongbow. In his absence Ruaidrà Ua Conchobair (son of Mac Murchada's former enemy, the High King Turlough Mór O'Connor) had become the new High King of Ireland. Mac Murchada planned not only to retake Leinster, but to oust the Uà Conchobair clan and become the High King of Ireland himself. In 1167 he quickly retook Dublin, the Kingdom of Ossory and the Norse-Gaelic settlement of Waterford. Within a short time, all Leinster was again in his control. He then marched on Tara (the political capital at the time) to oust RuaidrÃ. Mac Murchada gambled that Ruaidrà would not hurt the Leinster hostages which he had (including Mac Murchada's eldest son, Conchobar Mac Murchada). However Ua Ruairc forced his hand and they were all killed. Diarmait's army then lost the battle. He sent word to Wales and pleaded with Strongbow to come to Ireland as soon as possible. Strongbow's small force landed in Wexford with Welsh and Norman cavalry thereby precipitating the Norman invasion of Ireland. The Cambro-Norman barons and knights quickly took over both Waterford and Wexford. The capture of Dublin followed soon after. MacMurrough was devastated after the death of his son, Domhnall, retreated to Ferns and died a few months later. Strongbow married Dermot's daughter Aoife of Leinster in 1170, as she was a great heiress, and as a result much of his (and his followers') land was granted to him under Norman law but contrary to Brehon law. The scholar Ãed Ua Crimthainn was probably Diarmait's court historian. In his Book of Leinster, Ãed seems to be the first to set out the concept of the rà Érenn co fressabra, the "king of Ireland with opposition", later more widely adopted. This described Diarmait's ambitions and the achievements of his great-grandfather Diarmait mac MaÃl na mBó. Later reputation In Irish history books written after 1800 in the age of nationalism, Diarmait Mac Murchada was often seen as a traitor, but his intention was not to aid an English invasion of Ireland, but rather to use Henry's assistance to become the High King of Ireland himself. He had no way of knowing Henry II's ambitions in Ireland. In his time, politics was based on dynasties and Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. In turn, Henry II did not consider himself to be English or Norman, but a French Angevin, and was merely responding to the realities on the ground. Gerald of Wales, a Cambro-Norman historian who visited Ireland in 1185 and whose uncles and cousins were prominent soldiers in the army of Strongbow, repeated their opinions of Mac Murchada: "Now Dermot was a man tall of stature and stout of frame; a soldier whose heart was in the fray, and held valiant among his own nation. From often shouting his battle-cry his voice had become hoarse. A man who liked better to be feared by all than loved by any. One who would oppress his greater vassals, while he raised to high station men of lowly birth. A tyrant to his own subjects, he was hated by strangers; his hand was against every man, and every man's hand against him." Death and descendants After Strongbow's successful invasion, Henry II mounted a second and larger invasion in 1171 to ensure his control over his Norman subjects, which succeeded. He then accepted the submission of the Irish kings in Dublin in November 1171. He also ensured that his moral claim to Ireland, granted by the 1154 papal bull Laudabiliter, was reconfirmed in 1172 by Pope Alexander III, and also by a synod of all the Irish bishops at the Synod of Cashel. He added "Lord of Ireland" to his many other titles. Before he could consolidate his new Lordship he had to go to France to deal with his sons' rebellion in 1173. Ua Conchobair was soon ousted, first as High King and eventually as King of Connacht. Attempting to regain his provincial kingdom, he turned to the English as Mac Murchada had before him. The Lordship directly controlled a small territory in Ireland surrounding the cities of Dublin and Waterford, while the rest of Ireland was divided between Norman and Welsh barons. The 1175 Treaty of Windsor, brokered by St Lawrence O'Toole with Henry II, formalized the submission of the Gaelic clans that remained in local control, like the Uà Conchobair who retained Connacht and the Uà Néill who retained most of Ulster. Diarmait's male-line descendants such as Art Mac Art continued to rule parts of Leinster until the Tudor conquest of Ireland in the 16th century. Today they live on with the surname "MacMurrough Kavanagh" at Borris in Co. Carlow and at Maresfield, East Sussex, being one of the few surviving "Chiefs of the name". The currently recognized chief of the name is William Butler Kavanagh, The MacMorrough Kavanagh, Prince of Leinster (b. 1944). Through his daughter Aoife, Diarmait is also an ancestor of a great number of historically-famous people, including George Washington, Marie-Antoinette, Lord Edward Fitzgerald, Robert Emmet, Charles Darwin and Winston Churchill. More notably he is the ancestor (through Aoife's granddaughter Eva Marshal and her daughter Maud who married Roger Mortimer) of the kings of England Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III, and all kings from Henry VIII onwards. There are other notable descents from Aoife's daughter Isabel de Clare such as that of Katherine Mortimer, Aoife's great-granddaughter, who married Thomas de Beauchamp 11th Earl of Warwick, and was therefore an ancestor of the Earls of Warwick and Kings of England from Edward IV onwards (with the exception of Henry VII). | MacMorrough, Dermot King of Leinster (I4282)
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| 277 | Died at her home (Chronique de Jersey 10 Jan) - husband apparently still alive. 'Jane Mary Rouet wife of M. George John Bosdet died 7 Jan 1894 at domicile Grande Vingtaine St Peter. 69th year' | Rouet, Jane Mary (I3981)
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| 278 | Died in 1047 at Val-ès-Dunes, slain. | Denatus, Hamo (I3360)
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| 279 | Died in an air raid. | Bosdet, Charles Gifford William (I259)
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| 280 | Died young. | de Hodleston, John (I734)
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| 281 | Dirk I (Theoderic) was Count of Holland, thought to have been in office from ca. 896 to ca. 928 or 939. 'Count in Frisia' The actual title of count Dirk I was 'count in Friesland'. Dirk is thought to be a son of Gerulf II, 'count in Frisia', who is named by some sources as one of the counts who assassinated their Viking overlord Godfryth 'the Sea King' at a place named Herespich (modern Spijk) in 885. Regarding Dirk I, almost nothing is known of his life, a situation further clouded by the present-day hypothesis that he had a son, Dirk (numbered Dirk I bis, to avoid confusion with the already established numbering), who succeeded him instead of the traditional view that he was succeeded by his supposed son Dirk II. Founding of Egmond Abbey In 922 Dirk was present at a place called Bladella (present day Bladel, in the extreme south of the Dutch province of Noord Brabant), at which he received certain lands ('at a place called Egmond') from the West Frankish king Charles the Simple. Dirk subsequently erected a nunnery at the said lands, at which nuns prayed continuously for the well-being of the comital dynasty. This was the origin of the later Egmond Abbey. Under Dirk II the wooden convent was rebuilt in stone to house the relics of Saint Adalbert. Adalbert was not well known at that time, but he was said to have preached Christianity in the immediate surroundings two centuries earlier. The monastery was also changed to house a community of Benedictine monks from Ghent, replacing the nuns. Count Dirk and many of his descendants were buried in the abbey church. | Dirk I Count of Holland (I5316)
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| 282 | Dirk II (920/930 - 6 May 988) was Count of Frisia (west of the Vlie) and Holland. He was the son of Count Dirk I and Geva (or Gerberge). Career In 983 Emperor Otto III confirmed his rights to properties and territories in the counties of Maasland, Kinhem (Kennemerland) and Texla (Texel), thus stretching along the entire Hollandic coast (as well as inland). Count Dirk II built a fortress near Vlaardingen, which later was the site of a battle between his grandson Dirk III and an Imperial army under Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine. He rebuilt Egmond Abbey and its wooden church in stone to house the relics of Saint Adalbert, the project starting in 950. Adalbert was not well known at that time, but he was said to have preached Christianity in the immediate surroundings two centuries earlier. The abbey was given to a community of Benedictine monks from Ghent, who replaced the nuns originally at Egmond, probably in the 970s. His daughter Erlint or Erlinde, who was abbess at the time, was made abbess of the newly-founded Bennebroek Abbey instead. Family Dirk married Hildegarde (thought to be a daughter of Count Arnulf of Flanders, based on the names of her children), and had three known children. His son Arnulf became Count of Holland and Frisia after Dirk's death. The younger son Egbert became Archbishop of Trier in 977. His daughter Erlinde was abbess of Egmont, until that institution was changed by her father from a nunnery into a monastery, after which she became abbess of Bennebroek. Dirk died in 988 and was buried in the stone church at Egmond, which he had built there. Hildegard died two years later and was also buried there. | Dirk II Count of Holland (I5315)
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| 283 | Dirk III (also called Diederik or Theodoric) was Count of Holland from 993 to May 27, 1039, until 1005 under regency of his mother. It is thought that Dirk III went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land around 1030, hence his nickname of Hierosolymita. The county "This is Dirk, Count Arnulf's son, and [he] was the fourth Count of Holland." The area over which Dirk ruled was called Holland for the first time only in 1101 and was usually known as West Friesland at this time. The actual title of Count Dirk III was Count in Friesland. Western Frisia was very different from the area (North and South Holland) of today. Most of the territory was boggy and subject to constant flooding and because of this very sparsely populated. The main areas of habitation were in the dunes at the coast and on heightened areas near the rivers. Luitgard's regency Count Dirk was a member of the house of Holland, an important family within Germany at that time. His mother, Luitgard of Luxemburg, was regent in the county while Dirk was still a minor, from 993-1005. She was the sister-in-law of Emperor Henry II and with his help she managed to maintain the county for her son. After Dirk assumed the government of the county, she still used her family connections to acquire imperial assistance, in one instance an imperial army helped Dirk suppress a Frisian revolt. Conflict with the emperor Prior to 1018, Count Dirk III was a vassal of Henry II, but the bishops of Trier, Utrecht and Cologne all contested the ownership of Dirk's fiefdom, which was in a strategically important location. Utrecht, situated in the Rhine delta, was the largest trading town of the German kings in the area and traders had to sail through the territories of Dirk III, by way of the Rhine and Vecht rivers, in order to reach the North Sea. Also, the German kings and emperors were frequently resident in Utrecht and the nearby estate of Nijmegen. Another trade route that ran through Dirk's territory was from the city of Tiel to England. It was along this second route that Count Dirk built a stronghold at Vlaardingen, in a newly habitable area where many Frisians had recently settled by his invitation. He was not permitted to levy tolls or hinder trade in any way, but eventually he defied imperial rule. Working together with the Frisians now living in the area he stopped passing ships, demanding payment of tolls. Merchants from the town of Tiel sent alarmed messages to the king and Bishop Adelbold of Utrecht about acts of violence against them by Dirk's men. Emperor Henry then decided to end Dirk III's reign and awarded his lands to Bishop Adelbold. The Battle of Vlaardingen and its aftermath A large imperial army, made up of troops supplied by the various bishops of region, under the command of Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine, then headed for the stronghold at Vlaardingen. The ensuing Battle of Vlaardingen was a disaster for the imperial army and a tremendous victory for Count Dirk; many of the imperial commanders perished and Duke Godfrey was captured. Following this victory, Dirk III was permitted to keep his lands and he continued levying tolls. Later on, Dirk also managed to acquire more lands east of his previous domains at the expense of the Bishop of Utrecht. After the death of Emperor Henry II in 1024, Dirk supported Conrad II for the succession to the kingship. After Count Dirk III's death in 1039, imperial armies were sent on a few more occasions seeking to reclaim the lands held by the Frisian counts. The powerful Robert I, Count of Flanders (called Robert the Frisian) helped Dirk V, grandson of Dirk III and his own stepson, to restore Frisia to the counts. Family Dirk III married Othelindis, who was from a prominent Saxon family, although her exact origin is unknown. They had (at least) two children: Dirk, who succeeded his father as Dirk IV Floris, who succeeded his brother as Floris I After Dirk's death on 27 May 1039, his widow went back to Saxony, where she died on 31 March 1044. Dirk was buried at Egmond. | Dirk III Count of Holland (I5314)
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| 284 | Dirk V (1052 - June 17, 1091) was Count of Holland (which was called Frisia at that time) from 1061 to 1091. Dirk V succeeded Floris I, under the guardianship of his mother, Gertrude of Saxony. William I, Bishop of Utrecht, took advantage of the young ruler, occupying territory that he had claimed in Holland. William's claim was confirmed by two charters of the emperor Henry IV. (April 30, 1064 and May 2, 1064). Dirk only retained possession of lands west of the Vlie and around the mouths of the Rhine. Gertrude and her son withdrew to the islands of Frisia (Zeeland), leaving William to occupy the disputed lands. In 1063 Gertrude married Robert of Flanders (Robert the Frisian), the second son of Baldwin V of Flanders. Robert gave Dirk the Imperial Flanders as an appanage - including the islands of Frisia west of the Frisian Scheldt. Baldwin then became his stepson's guardian, gaining control of the islands east of the Scheldt. Baldwin managed to conquer Kennemerland (north of North Holland), but held it only briefly. Robert therefore, in both his own right and that of Dirk, was now the ruler of all Frisia. The death of his brother Baldwin VI in 1070 led to civil war in Flanders. The claim of Robert to the guardianship of his nephew Arnulf III was disputed by Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut, the widow of Baldwin VI. The issue was decided by Robert's victory at Cassel (February 1071), where Arnulf was killed and Richilda taken prisoner. The war in Holland and Frisia became part of a large conflict from 1075 onwards. The pope had excommunicated the emperor. The bishop of Utrecht supported the emperor, while the count of Holland supported Pope Gregory VII and anti-king Rudolphe. While Robert was thus engaged in Flanders, an effort was made to recover the County of Holland and other lands now held by William of Utrecht. The people rose in revolt, but were brought back under Episcopal rule by an army under the command of Godfrey IV (the Hunchback), duke of Lower Lorraine, by order of the emperor (Henry IV). In 1076, at the request of William, Duke Godfrey visited his domains in the Frisian borderland. At Delft, the duke was murdered by revolutionaries (February 26, 1076). William of Utrecht died on April 17, 1076. Dirk V, now managing his own estate, was quick to take advantage of this favorable juncture. With the help of Robert (his stepfather) he raised an army and besieged Conrad of Utrecht, the successor of William, in the castle of Ysselmonde, taking him prisoner. The bishop purchased his liberty by surrendering all claim to the disputed lands. Dirk V was succeeded by Floris II upon his death in 1091. He was buried in the Egmond Abbey. | Dirk V Count of Holland (I5312)
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| 285 | Dirk VI of Holland (ca. 1114 - 5 August 1157) was Count of Holland between 1121 and 1157, at first, during his minority, under the regency of his mother Petronilla. He was the son of Count Floris II. After his death he was succeeded by his eldest son Floris III. He married Sofie of Salm, Countess of Rheineck and Bentheim. She was heiress of Bentheim, which she ruled together with her husband and which was inherited by the couple's second son Otto after his parents' death. Petronilla's regency When his father died in 1122, Dirk was only 7 years old and his mother, Petronilla, governed the county as regent. In 1123 she supported the uprising of her half-brother, Lothair of Süpplingenburg, Duke of Saxony against Emperor Henry V. After Lothair had been elected king of Germany himself in 1125 he returned Leiden and Rijnland to Holland, which had both been awarded to the Bishop of Utrecht in 1064 (Later on during Dirk's reign the wooden fortifications at Leiden would be replaced by a stone castle). Because Petronilla saw little ability or ambition in Dirk as he grew up, she stalled letting go of the regency when he reached adulthood (fifteen years old), until her favourite son Floris could attempt to take over the county. Floris the Black This Floris, called "the Black" (Dutch: de Zwarte) did possess those qualities which his older brother seemed to lack. He openly revolted against him and was from 1129 to 1131 recognised as Count of Holland by, amongst others, King Lothair and Andreas of Kuyk, Bishop of Utrecht. After March 1131 Dirk again appears as count of Holland alongside him, the brothers apparently having reached an agreement. Only a few months later, however, in August 1131 Floris accepted an offer from the West-Frisians to become lord of their entire territory, which reignited the conflict with his brother. After this the people from Kennemerland joined the revolt as well. A year later, in August 1132 King Lothair intervened and managed to reconcile the brothers. This did not pacify the Frisians however, who continued their revolt, which was nonetheless eventually suppressed. Later that year, on 26 October Floris was ambushed near Utrecht and murdered by Herman and Godfried of Kuyk, leaving Dirk to rule the county on his own. King Lothair punished this act by having Herman and Godfried's castle razed and banishing the two. Floris was buried at Rijnsburg Abbey. Imperial affairs Count Dirk had supported his relative Lothair of Saxony against Henry V and with his assistance parts of Holland were regained that had been awarded to and occupied by the Bishopric of Utrecht in 1064. Furthermore, with help from King Conrad III and support of the counts of Cleves and Guelders and his brother-in-law Otto II, Count of Rheineck, he was able to get a candidate of his own (Herman of Horne) recognised as bishop of Utrecht. Ecclesiastical affairs and pilgrimage Dirk and his mother supported the abbeys of Egmond and Rijnsburg, which flourished in this period. The nunnery at Rijnsburg was established by Petronilla in 1133. Two of her granddaughters, Sophie and Hedwig later joined it, one of them as abbess. Dirk and Sophie went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1138 and it was on this pilgrimage that their first son Dirk, called Peregrinus ("Pilgrim"), was born, but he died when he was only 12 years old. On the return journey, in 1139, Dirk visited Pope Innocent II and asked for the abbeys of Egmond and Rijnsburg to be placed under direct papal authority and this request was granted. In this way Dirk removed the Bishop of Utrecht's influence over those abbeys. Dirk's mother, Petronilla, died in 1144 and was buried at Rijnsburg. In 1155 the Frisians revolted again and plundered the area of Santpoort nearby Haarlem, but they were beaten back by the knights of Haarlem and Osdorp. In 1156 Count Dirk VI resolved the protracted conflict between the abbeys of Egmond and Echternach, which had been ongoing ever since the establishment of Egmond in 923 by Count Dirk I. At the time of the establishment the Count had granted Egmond the rights over all the churches in the area, which had previously belonged to Echternach. Repeated attempts were made to regain these lost rights, initially with little result, but in 1063 William I, Bishop of Utrecht, decided to split the rights between the two abbeys. This division was unacceptable to Egmond however, and its abbots pressed the counts for compensation. Finally, in 1156, Dirk VI resolved to give all the rights over the churches to Egmond again, compensating Echternach with the rights over the proceeds of the church in Vlaardingen and lands on the island of Schouwen. Although the abbot of Egmond was a witness at the agreement, it seems he may have attended under pressure, as only a little while later he excommunicated both Count Dirk and his son Floris. This perhaps is the reason that Dirk, unlike his forefathers, was not buried at Egmond, but at Rijnsburg. Family Count Dirk VI married Sophie of Salm, Countess of Bentheim some time before 1137. She was a daughter of Otto of Salm, Count of Rheineck and Bentheim, son of Hermann of Salm, King of Germany. Dirk and Sophie had (at least) nine children: Dirk, known as Pilgrim (Peregrinus), born 1138/1139 - died 1151. Floris, born ca. 1140 - died 1 August 1190 at Antioch (succeeded his father as Floris III, Count of Holland, in 1157). Otto, born 1140/1145 - died 1208 or after (inherited his mother's county and became Count of Bentheim). Baldwin, born ca. 1149 - died 30 April 1196 (firstly, Provost at St Maria in Utrecht; secondly, Bishop of Utrecht from 1178 until his death). Dirk, born ca. 1152 - died 28 August 1197 in Pavia (also became Bishop of Utrecht, in 1197, but died the same year). Sophie (in 1186 she became abbess of Rijnsburg Abbey, established by her grandmother). Hedwig, died 28 August 1167 (a nun at Rijnsburg). Gertrud (died in infancy). Petronilla. Also, it was alleged that Count Dirk had fathered an illegitimate son, whose name was Robert. | Dirk VI Count of Holland (I5310)
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| 286 | Domangart succeeded to the kingship in 660, when the joint kingship of his uncle Conall Crandomna and Dunchad son of Duban ended with Conall's death. Nothing about Domangart's reign is mentioned by the sources until he was killed in 673, and succeeded by his cousin Maelduin. | Mac Domnall Brecc, King Of Dal Riata, Domongart (I2275)
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| 287 | Domangart succeeded to the kingship upon his father's death in 501. The "Senchus" and other sources note that Feidelm Fotchain bore Domangart two sons. According to the genealogies, Feidelm was the daughter of Brian mac Eochaid Mugmedon, the ancestor of the kings of Airgialla, in the northern part of Ireland. Annals make no mention of Domangart excepting his death in 507, and he was succeeded by his son Comgall. | Mac Fergus, King Of Dal Riata, Domongart (I1872)
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| 288 | Domnall Brecc succeeded to the kingship in 629, when his predecessor and distant relative Connad Cerr was killed in Ireland after a three month reign. Domnall was either incompetent, unlucky or both; he never won a battle. His first defeat came in 635 in a battle which was possibly against the Picts. In 637 he was defeated at the battle of Mag Rath in Ireland, and from this point on the kings of Dal Riata completely lost control of their Irish possessions. It was probably about this point that Domnall was demoted to the position of joint king with his third cousin Ferchar, son of Connad Cerr. Domnall was defeated yet again, possibly by the Picts, in 638. He finally met his death in 642, at the hands of the Britons of Strathclyde, and his death was triumphantly recorded in one rescension of Y Goddodin, a famous seventh-century Old Welsh poem. He was succeeded by his joint king Ferchar. The Senchus fails from this point on, so far fewer names of children are recorded. | Mac Eochaid Buid, King Of Dal Riata, Domnall Brecc (I2278)
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| 289 | Donald succeeded to the kingship in 889, when the joint-kings Eochaid and Giric were deposed. Little is known of his reign excepting a battle, probably in 893 when he defeated Viking raiders. He was, in turn, killed by another Viking raid in 900. He was the first king to be called 'ri Alban', or 'King of Scots' upon his death. He was succeeded by his cousin Constantine II, who reigned for 43 years, an incredible period for a early medieval king. | Mac Causantin, King Of Scots, Domnall (Donald II) (I926)
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| 290 | Dorset Parish Registers, Dorchester, England: Dorset History Centre | Source (S118)
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| 291 | Dorset Parish Registers, Dorchester, England: Dorset History Centre | Source (S119)
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| 292 | Duncan died circa 965 at Duncrub, Scotland, killed in action fighting for Colin, representative of a rival royal line of Aodh, when the latter was defeated by Duff, eldest son of Malcolm I, King of the Scots. He was Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, to the north of Perth in what subsequently became the Scottish county of Perthshire. He fought in the Battle of Duncrub circa 965. | Duncan (I1935)
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| 293 | During the reign of Henry I the lands of the Barony of Kendal passed under the control of Chetell. | Ketel Baron Of Kendal (I2418)
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| 294 | Eadgifu of Kent (also Edgiva or Ediva) (died August 25, 968) was the third wife of Edward the Elder, King of England. Eadgifu was the daughter of Sigehelm, Ealdorman of Kent (died 903). She became the mother of two sons, Edmund I of England, later King Edmund I, and Eadred of England, later King Eadred, and a daughter, Saint Eadburh of Winchester. Eadgifu survived Edward by many years, dying in the reign of her grandson Edgar. As queen dowager, her position seem to have been higher than that of her daughter-in-law; In a Kentish charter datable between 942 and 944, her daughter-in-law Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury subscribes herself as the king's concubine (concubina regis), with a place assigned to her between the bishops and ealdormen. By comparison, Eadgifu subscribes higher up in the witness list as mater regis, after her sons Edmund and Eadred but before the archbishops and bishops. [Wikipedia] | Eadgifu (I1236)
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| 295 | Eadulf (or Eadwulf) (died 913) was a ruler in Northumbria in the early tenth century. The history of Northumbria in the ninth and tenth centuries is poorly recorded. English sources generally date from the twelfth century although some more nearly contemporary Irish annals report some events in Northumbria. Numismatic evidence-mints at York continued to produce coins throughout the period-is of considerable importance, although not in the period of Eadulf's presumed floruit as a new style of coinage appeared in Northumbria between 905 and 927 approximately. These coins bore the name of the city of York and the legend "Saint Peter's money" but no kings are named, so that they are of no help in determining the succession of rulers. The only thing which can be said with reasonable certainty of Eadwulf is that he died in 913 in Northumbria, an event recorded by the chronicle of Æthelweard and by the Irish Annals of Ulster and Annals of Clonmacnoise. The Irish sources call him "king of the Saxons of the north" while Æthelweard says Eadwulf "ruled as reeve of the town called Bamburgh". The Historia de Sancto Cuthberto states that Eadwulf had been a favourite (dilectus) of King Alfred the Great. Historians have traditionally followed Æthelweard and portrayed Eadwulf as ruler of only the northern part of Northumbria, perhaps corresponding to the former kingdom of Bernicia, with Scandinavian or Norse-Gael kings ruling the southern part, the former kingdom of Deira, an area broadly similar to Yorkshire. Some historians now question this. For example, Benjamin Hudson writes that Eadwulf "might have ruled just the northern part of Northumbria, the old Kingdom of Bernicia, although it is not impossible that he ruled all of Northumbria" (Hudson 2005:21) and Clare Downham notes that the death of Eadwulf "is so widely reported in 913 that it seems hard to envisage that his fame derived from a three-year reign" (Downham 2007:88). Some interpretations make Eadwulf ruler in Bernicia after Ecgberht II, that is to say from the 870s approximately. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle refers to sons of Eadwulf and two sons are recorded, Ealdred (died after 927) and Uhtred (died c. 949); both ruled some part of Northumbria. [Wikipedia] | Lord Of Bamborough, Eadwulf (I3205)
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| 296 | Eahlwið, Princess of Mercia was the daughter of Æthelred 'Mucil', Ealdorman of the Gainas and Eadburga, Princess of Mercia. She gained the title of Princess of Mercia. She was a nun circa 901 at St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England. Ealhswith or Ealswitha (born c. 852 in Mercia - died 905) was the daughter of a Mercian nobleman, Æthelred Mucil, Ealdorman of the Gaini. She was married in 868 to Alfred the Great, before he became king of Wessex. In accordance with ninth century West Saxon custom, she was not given the title of queen. Life Ealswith was the daughter of Æthelred and his wife Eadburh. She was related to the royal house of Mercia through her mother. After Alfred's death in 899, Ealhswith became a nun. She died on 5 December 905, and is buried in St. Mary's Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire. Ealhswith or Ealswitha (born c. 852 in Mercia - died 905) was the daughter of a Mercian nobleman, Æthelred Mucil, Ealdorman of the Gaini. She was married in 868 to Alfred the Great, before he became king of Wessex. In accordance with ninth century West Saxon custom, she was not given the title of queen. Children The children of Alfred and Ealhswith included: Æthelflæd (ca 869-918), Lady of the Mercians. Married Æthelred, Ealdorman of western Mercia in 889 Eadmund, Asser mentions Eadmund as a son of Alfred Edward the Elder (ca 872-924), King of Wessex Elfreda, The book of Hydes mentions Elfreda as a daughter. She is not mentioned by Asser Æthelgifu (?-896) Nun at Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset, elected Abbess in 888 Ælfthryth (877-929) Married Baldwin II, Count of Flanders Æthelweard (Ethelward the Atheling) (880-920) | Eahlwið Princess of Mercia (I2957)
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| 297 | Ealdgyth (fl. c. 1057-1066), also Aldgyth or in modern English, Edith, was a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, the wife of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (d. 1063), ruler of all Wales, and later the wife and queen consort of Harold Godwineson, king of England in 1066. Family Ealdgyth was the daughter of Ælfgar, who had been earl of East Anglia a number of times in the 1050s and was appointed earl of Mercia in c. 1057, in succession of his father Earl Leofric. Ælfgar's wife Ælfgifu was probably her mother, and Eadwine, the later earl of Mercia, and Morcar, earl of Northumbria, were her brothers. In 1055, Ælfgar was exiled on the charge of treason. He went to Ireland to muster troops and formed an alliance with Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, who had been king of Gwynedd (1039-1055) but assumed the sovereignty of all Wales in 1055. Ælfgar and Gruffudd invaded England and plundered Hereford, bringing great humiliation to Earl Ralph, who needed to call in external support to repel the invaders. When peace was made, Ælfgar resumed office before succeeding his father as earl of Mercia in c. 1057. Marriages and issue Gruffudd ap Llywelyn It was presumably in the year of her father's appointment (c. 1057) that Ealdgyth married his political ally, King Gruffudd ap Llywelyn. William of Jumièges describes her as a woman of considerable beauty. Walter Map also wrote of a beautiful lady much beloved by the king and so he may have had Ealdgyth in mind. On her marriage, she was given a modest amount of land in England, though the only estate which can be certainly identified as having belonged to her is one at Binley, Warwickshire. She bore the king a daughter called Nest. Nest later became the wife of Osbern fitz Richard, a marcher lord on the Herefordshire border, who acquired Binley. Nest and Osbern had a daughter who married Bernard de Neufmarché, also a marcher lord. The chronicles also record two of Gruffudd's sons, Maredudd and Ithel, probably for Idwal, who died in 1069, and a third son may be Owain ap Gruffudd (d. 1059). The alliance between Ealdgyth's father and husband was of great significance in resisting the growing power of the Godwinesons. On the death of Earl Ralph in 1057, Hereford was added to Harold's earldom. The following year, Ælfgar was outlawed for a second time, but he was restored to office before long. Ælfgar is last heard of in 1062 and seems to have died by 1063, when Harold Godwineson invaded Wales. Gruffudd was killed in the event. Harold Godwineson Ealdgyth later became the wife and queen consort of her late husband's enemy Harold. The date of the marriage is unknown, but it must have taken place at some stage before the Conquest, whether before or after Harold's coronation as king of England (January 1066). It seems that Harold's choice of bride was "aimed not only at securing the support of the Mercian house for himself in his royal ambitions, but also at weakening the links between that same house and the rulers of north Wales". In any event, Ealdgyth was soon to be widowed for a second time. In October that year, Harold was defeated and died in the Battle of Hastings, which was fought against the invading forces of William, Duke of Normandy, who would subsequently ascend the English throne. At the news of Harold's death, Ealdgyth's brothers went to London to fetch her and immediately sent her to Chester for shelter. It is unknown what happened to her thereafter. Harold had a number of children with his common law wife Edith the Fair, but his marriage to Ealdgyth may not have produced any offspring. It has been suggested that Ealdgyth may have been the mother of Harold's son Harold, but this possibility is not universally accepted. | Ealdgyth (I2929)
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| 298 | Ealdgyth (floruit 1015-1016), modern English Edith, may have been the name of the wife of Sigeferth son of Earngrim, thegn of the Seven Burghs, and later of King Edmund Ironside. She was probably the mother of Edmund's sons Edward the Exile and Edmund. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Sigeferth and his brother Morcar, described as "foremost thegns of the Seven Burghs" were killed at an assembly of the English nobility at Oxford. Ealdorman Eadric Streona is said to have killed them "dishonourably" after having invited them to his rooms. The Seven Burghs, otherwise unknown, are presumed to have been the Five Burghs and Torksey and York. Following the killings, King Æthelred the Unready had the property of Sigeferth and Morcar seized and ordered that Sigeferth's widow, whose name the Chronicle does not record, should be detained at Malmesbury Abbey. The chronicle of John of Worcester calls her Ealdgyth. In the late summer of 1015, at some time between 15 August and 8 September, Edmund Ironside raised a revolt against his father King Æthelred. Either then, or perhaps even earlier, he removed Sigeferth's widow from Malmesbury, against his father's wishes, and married her. Sigeferth and Morcar's friends and allies supported Edmund after this. While two charters issued by Edmund which mention his wife survive from about this time, neither of them contain her name in the surviving texts. It is generally, but not universally, supposed that Ealdgyth, if that was her name, was the mother of Edmund Ironside's sons. These were Edmund, who died young in exile, and Edward the Exile, who returned to England late in the reign of his uncle King Edward the Confessor and died soon afterwards. Whether she went into exile with her children following Edmund's death in 1016 is unknown. One reason advanced for supposing that John of Worcester may have been mistaken in naming this woman Ealdgyth is that Sigeferth's brother Morcar had also been married to a woman named Ealdgyth. This Ealdgyth was the daughter of Ælfthryth, and niece of Ælfhelm, Ealdorman of York and Wulfric Spot. While Ealdgyth is a common female name in the period, this coincidence has raised the suspicion that the Worcester chronicler has confused Sigeferth's widow with his sister-in-law. | Ealdgyth (I3331)
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| 299 | Ealdred was Earl of Bernicia from 1020/25 until his murder in 1038. He was the son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria, who was murdered by Thurbrand the Hold in 1016 with the connivance of Cnut. Ealdred's mother was Ecgfrida, daughter of Aldhun, bishop of Durham. Ealdred succeeded his uncle Eadwulf Cudel as Earl of Bernicia in 1020/25, and some time probably in the mid 1020s he killed Thurbrand in revenge for his father's death. In 1038 Ealdred was murdered by Thurbrand's son, Carl. He was succeeded as Earl of Bernicia by his brother, another Eadwulf, who was murdered by King Harthacnut in 1041. Ealdred's daughter, Aelfflaed, was the first wife of Siward, Earl of Northumbria and her son, and Ealdred's grandson, was Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria. | Ealdred Earl of Northumberland (I1114)
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| 300 | Ealdred was the son of Eadwulf. He was a ruler or nobleman in Northumbria in the early tenth century.Ealdred's father, called "king of the Saxons of the North" by the Annals of Ulster, but only reeve of Bamburgh by the chronicler Æthelweard, died in 913. He may have been ruler of Northumbria following Eowils and Halfdan who were killed at Tettenhall circa 910. It is unknown whether the family had links to pre- or post-Viking kings of Northumbria. The Historia de Sancto Cuthberto states that Ealdred "was a friend of King Edward the Elder, as his father had been a favourite of King Alfred the Great". Ealdred was driven from his lands, whether all of Northumbria or merely the northern part which had once been Bernicia is debated, by Ragnall ua Ãmair, either in or before 914, or alternatively as late as 918. The Historia states that Ealdred sought refuge with ConstantÃn mac Ãeda, the king of Alba, and that the two fought Ragnall at the battle of Corbridge, dated by the Annals of Ulster and the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba to 918. The battle appears to have been indecisive and Ragnall remained the master of at least southern Northumbria, former Deira, or perhaps of all. In 920 "the sons of Eadwulf" were among those who met with Edward the Elder and, in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, "chose him as father and lord". Ealdred is named as one of those present at Eamont Bridge on 12 July 927 when Edward's son Æthelstan met with the northern British kings. [Wikipedia] Alfred, 2nd Lord of Bamburgh | Lord Of Bamborough, Ealdred (I3206)
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