Notes:

Adalbert I (died 17 July 923 or 8 October 924) was the son of Anscar of Ivrea and, from his death in 902, margrave of Ivrea.

He rebelled against his father-in-law Berengar I in 905 in support of Louis III. When Louis was defeated, captured, and blinded, Adalbert was exiled to Burgundy, whence his family had originated. He later returned and rebelled again, this time with Lambert, Archbishop of Milan, in support of another rival for the Italian throne: Rudolf II of Burgundy. Initially unsuccessful, he and Rudolf jointly defeated Berengar at the Battle of Firenzuola on 29 July 923.

He married firstly, before 900, Gisela of Friuli, a daughter of Berengar I of Italy and Bertila of Spoleto. With her, he had two children:

Berengar, successor
Bertha, abbess of Modena

Around 915, he married Ermengard, the daughter Adalbert II of Tuscany and Bertha, daughter of Lothair II. From this marriage he had a second son, Anscar, Duke of Spoleto.

Abelbreta married Gisella of Friuli Bef 900. (daughter of Berenger of Fuili, Emperor of Italy and Bertila of Spoleto) [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Berengar II d'Ivrea, King of Italy was born circa 900. He was the son of Abelbreta d'Ivrea and Gisella. He married Willa di Toscana, daughter of Boson di Toscana, Marchese di Toscana and Willa II di Borgogna, before 936.

He gained the title of King Berengar II of Italy in 950. He was deposed as King of Italy in 963.

Berengar married Willa di Toscana Bef 936. Willa (daughter of Boson di Toscana, Marchese di Toscana and Willa di Borgogna, II) was born Bef 926; died Aft 06 Aug 966. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

She was the daughter of Berengar II d'Ivrea, King of Italy and Willa di Toscana. She married Arnulf II 'the Younger', Comte de Flandre, son of Baldwin III, Comte de Flandre et Artois and Mathildis Billung von Sachsen, circa 968. She was also reported to have died on 7 February 1003. She was also known as Susanna.

Rozela married Arnulf, II Count of Flanders Abt 968. Arnulf (son of Baldwin, III Count of Flanders and Mathildis Billung von Sachsen) was born Dec 961; died 30 Mar 987. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

He married Ermengarda of Tuscany, daughter of Adalbert, County of Tuscany. He succeeded to the title of King Adalbert of Italy in 950. He was deposed as King of Italy in 963.

Adalbert (ca. 932 - ca. 975) was the king of Italy from 950 to 963. He was the son of the Margrave Berengar of Ivrea and Willa.

On 15 December 950, both he and his father were crowned kings of Italy after the death of Lothair II. His father tried to force Adelaide, widow of Lothair, to marry Adalbert and cement their claim to the kingship. When she refused and fled, she was tracked down and imprisoned for four months at Como.

In 951, King Otto I of Germany invaded Italy and rescued Adelaide, marrying her himself. He forced Berengar and Adalbert to do homage to him for their kingdom in 952. In 953, Adalbert began besieging Count Adalbert Azzo of Canossa, in his Canossan castle, where Adelaide had taken refuge two years prior. In 957, Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, invaded Lombardy and caused Berenagar to flee, though Adalbert gathered a large force at Verona. He was defeated, but Liudolf died prematurely and his army left.

In 960, he joined his father in attacking the pope, John XII. Otto came down at the pope's call and defeated the two co-kings and was crowned Emperor. Adalbert fled to Fraxinet, then under the Saracens. From there he fled to Corsica. When he returned, he tried to take Pavia, the Italian capital, but was defeated by another invading Swabian army, this time under Burchard III. Only the interference of his brothers Conrad and Guy, who died fighting, saved him to fight another day, which he never did. His negotiations with the Byzantine Empire fell through and he retired with his wife Gerberga to Burgundy, where he died at Autun sometime between 971 and 975. His widow married Henry I, Duke of Burgundy, and his son, Otto-William, inherited through his stepfather the county of Burgundy and is thus the forefather of the Free Counts and the Hohenstaufen emperors.

Adalbert — Gerberga of Mâcon. [Group Sheet]

Urraca — Gothelo, I Duke of Lorraine. Gothelo (son of Godfrey, I Count of Verdun and Mathildis Billung von Sachsen) was born Abt 967; died 19 Apr 1044; was buried Bilsen, Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. [Group Sheet]

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He was the son of Arnulf II 'the Younger', Comte de Flandre and Rozela d'Ivrea. He married, firstly, Ogive de Luxembourg, daughter of Frederick I, Comte de Luxembourg and Ermentrude of Gleibur, circa 1012. He married, secondly, Eleonora de Normandie, daughter of Richard II, 4th Duc de Normandie and Judith de Bretagne, circa 1031. He died on 30 May 1036.

Baldwin IV, Comte de Flandre also went by the nick-name of Baldwin 'Fair Beard'. He succeeded to the title of Comte de Flandre in 988.

Baldwin IV of Flanders (980 - May 30, 1035) known as the Bearded, was Count of Flanders from 988 until his death.

Life

Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Italy. He succeeded his father as Count of Flanders in 987.

In contrast to his predecessors Baldwin turned his attention to the east and north, leaving the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guînes, Hesdin, and St. Pol.

To the north of the county Baldwin was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II, while on the right bank of the Scheldt river he received Valenciennes (1013) and parts of the Cambresis and Hainaut.

In the French territories of the count of Flanders, the supremacy of the Baldwin remained unchallenged. They organized a great deal of colonization of marshland along the coastline of Flanders and enlarged the harbour and city of Brugge. Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.

Family

Baldwin first married Ogive of Luxembourg, daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, by whom he had a son and heir:

Baldwin V, Count of Flanders.

He later married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II of Normandy, by whom he had a daughter:

Judith who married Tostig Godwinson and secondly Welf I, Duke of Bavaria.

Baldwin — Eleonora de Normandie. (daughter of Richard, II Duke of Normandy and Judith of Brittany) [Group Sheet]

Baldwin married Ogive de Luxembourg Abt 1012. Ogive (daughter of Frederick, I of Luxembourg and Ermentrude of Gleiburg) died 21 Feb 1029/30. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Otto-William (962 - 21 September 1026) was a son of Adalbert, King of Italy, and Gerberga of Mâcon.

His mother gave him what would later be the Free County of Burgundy around Dôle in 982. Otto also inherited the duchy of Burgundy on the other side of the Saône in 1002 from his stepfather Eudes Henry the Great. The duchy then corresponded to the diocese of Besançon in the Holy Roman Empire. He was also Count of Mâcon in France.

Burgundy was annexed to the crown of France by King Robert II in 1004. Determined to be sovereign ruler of his own lands, Otto revolted against the Emperor Henry II in 1016. This was after Rudolph III of Burgundy, the last king of that realm, had done homage to Henry at Strasbourg making him his guard and heir. On Otto's death, the Free County fell under the suzerainty of the German emperors.

Marriage and issue

His first wife was Ermentrude, daughter of Renaud of Roucy.

They had two sons and three daughters:

Guy had been associated as count of Mâcon from 995, he died young in 1006
Matilda, married Landri of Nevers
Gerberga, married Guilhem II of Provence
Renaud I, Count of Burgundy
Agnes, married firstly William V of Aquitaine, secondly Geoffrey II of Anjou

Otto married the four-times widowed Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou late in life and they had no known children

Otto-William — Ermentrude of Reims and Roucy. (daughter of Renaud of Roucy and Alberade of Lorraine) [Group Sheet]

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He married Beatrix de Haute-Lorraine, daughter of Frederic II, Duc de Lorraine and Mathilde von Schlesien, circa 1054. Godefroi III Herzog von Niederlothringen also went by the nick-name of Godefroi 'le Barbu' (or in English, 'the Bearded'). He succeeded to the title of Duc de Haute-Lorraine in 1044. He was deposed as Duke of Lorraine in 1047. He succeeded to the title of Duc de Basse-Lorraine in 1065.

Godfrey III (c. 997-1069), called the Bearded, was the eldest son of Gothelo I, duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine. By inheritance, he was count of Verdun and he became margrave of Antwerp as a vassal of the duke of Lower Lorraine. The Holy Roman Emperor Henry III authorised him to succeed his father as duke of Upper Lorraine in 1044, but refused him the ducal title in Lower Lorraine, for he feared the power of a united duchy. Instead Henry threatened to appoint a younger son, Gothelo, as duke in Lower Lorraine. At a much later date, Godfrey became duke of Lower Lorraine, but he had lost the upper duchy by then.

Godfrey rebelled against his king and devastated land in Lower Lorraine, as well as the city of Verdun, which, though his by inheritance, Henry had not given him. He was soon defeated by an imperial army and was deposed imprisoned together with his son (Gibichenstein, 1045). When his son died in prison, the war recommenced. Baldwin V of Flanders joined Godfrey and Henry gave Thierry, Bishop of Verdun, the eponymous county. Godfrey surprised the bishop (who escaped) and sacked Verdun, burning the cathedral. On 11 November 1048 at Thuin, Godfrey fell on Adalbert, his replacement in Upper Lorraine, and defeated him, killing him in battle. Henry immediately nominated the young Gerard of Chatenoy to replace Adalbert at the Diet of Worms. In his subsequent campaigns to take the Moselle region, Godfrey met with stiff resistance from Gerard and was forced to renounce his claims and reconcile with the bishop. He even assisted in rebuilding the cathedral he had destroyed.

In 1053, his first wife Doda having died, Godfrey remarried Beatrice of Bar, the widow of Boniface III of Tuscany and mother of Matilda, Boniface' heir. Henry arrested Beatrice and her young son Frederick and imprisoned her in Germany, separate from either husband or son, who died within days. The emperor claimed the marriage had been contracted without his consent and was invalid. Young Frederick died a short while later. Nevertheless, Godfrey took over the government of the Tuscany in right of Beatrice and Matilda.

Baldwin V then rebelled, carrying the war to Trier and Nijmegen. Henry responded by devastating Flanders and ravaging Lille and Tournai (1054). In this war, Godfrey captured Frederick of Luxembourg, Duke of Lower Lorraine, who had received that duchy, including Antwerp, from Henry III.

In 1055, Godfrey besieged Antwerp, but Frederick was delivered by the Lorrainers, no longer loyal to Godfrey. Henry died in 1056 and his successor, Henry IV, was only six years old. In that year, Baldwin made peace and did homage to the new king. In 1056 and 1059, by the treaties of Andernach, Baldwin received the march of Ename in the Landgraviate of Brabant, probably in exchange for giving up the march of Valenciennes, which was confiscated by emperor Henry III in 1045.

In 1057, Godfrey was exiled to Tuscany, where he joined Beatrice and co-governed with her. He was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Spoleto (1057) by Pope Stephen IX, his brother. In January 1058, Leo de Benedicto Christiano threw open the city gates to him and Beatrice after the election of Pope Nicholas II. Possessing the Tiber and assaulting the Lateran, Godfrey succeeded in expelling the antipope Benedict X on 24 January. During the papal reign of his brother and his brother's reforming successors, he played an important rôle in the politics of central and northern Italy, including Sardinia, where he interfered on behalf of Barisone I of Logudoro against the Republic of Pisa, indicating his authority over both.

In 1065, he was recalled to become duke of Lower Lorraine after the death of Frederick. He was also given Antwerp again. He installed his court at Bouillon and died on Christmas Eve 1069.

Family

By Doda, he had:

Godfrey, succeeded him in Lower Lorraine
Ida of Lorraine, married Eustace II, Count of Boulogne
Wiltrude, married Adalbert of Calw

Godfrey married Beatrix de Haute-Lorraine Abt 1054. Beatrix died Abt 1076. [Group Sheet]

Godfrey — Doda. [Group Sheet]

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Oda — Lambert, II Count of Louvain. Lambert (son of Lambert, I Count of Louvain and Gerberga of Lower Lorraine) was born Abt 995, Lorraine, France; died 19 Jun 1054, Doornik, Belgium. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

He took the religious name of Pope Stephan IX in 1057.

Notes:

Gozelo II, Duc de Basse-Lorraine also went by the nick-name of Gozelo 'the Sluggard'. He succeeded to the title of Duc de Basse-Lorraine in 1044.

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Regelindis — Albert, II Count of Namur. Albert (son of Albert, Comte de Namur I and Ermengarde de Basse-Lorraine) was born 1000; died 1064. [Group Sheet]