Notes: The Family History of Paul Bosdet and the Bosdet Family

Matches 1,251 to 1,300 of 1,662

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1251	Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut (c. 1031 - 15 March 1086). Biography Richilde was married firstly to Herman of Mons, count of Hainaut, son of Reginar V, count of Mons and Mathilde of Verdun, circa 1043. They served as co-rulers in Mons and Hainaut from 1039 to 1051. Soon after the death of Herman, Richilde married Baldwin, eldest son of Baldwin V of Flanders. At that point she started preparing for the unification of Hainaut and Flanders under the rule of the children of her second marriage. The two children of her first marriage were placed into the Church. Her daughter Gertrude became a nun and her son Robert (who was apparently physically disabled) became a clergyman and eventually Bishop of ChÃ¢lons-sur-Marne. Her husband Baldwin became count of Flanders (as Baldwin VI) in 1067, and they ruled both Flanders and Hainaut until his death in 1070. After his death their son Arnulf became count of Flanders, but he was challenged by Baldwin's younger brother Robert the Frisian. Despite help from Philip I of France her forces were defeated at the Battle of Cassel, Arnulf was captured and soon died, and King Philip invested Robert with the county of Flanders. Richilde and her younger son Baldwin still had Hainaut, and made subsequent unsuccessful attempts to recover Flanders. Family It is not known who Richilde's parents were. Richilde married Herman of Mons, count of Hainaut. They had two cildren: Roger (? - 1093) Said to have been disabled ("claudum ab utero"). Bishop of Chalon-sur-Marne. Daughter - possibly named Agnes - who became a nun. Richilde secondly married Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders. They were the parents of: Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (c. 1055 - February 22, 1071). Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut (c. 1056-1098). Baldwin VI died on July 17, 1070. Richilde served as Regent for their son Arnulf III. In 1071 Richilde thirdly married to William Fitzosbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (c. 1025-1071).	Richilde Countess of Mons and Hainaut (I3859)
1252	Robert (II) de Neville was born circa 1240 at Raby, County Durham, England. He was the son of Robert (I) de Neville, Lord of Raby and unknown wife (?). He married Mary fitz Ranulf, daughter of Ralf fitz Ranulf, Lord of Middleham and Anastasia de Percy, circa 1260 in a Middleham, Yorkshire, England marriage. He died in 1271. Children of Robert (II) de Neville and Mary fitz Ranulf Ranulf de Neville, 1st Lord Neville b. 18 Oct 1262, d. c 18 Apr 1331 Ralph de Neville b. b 1271, d. a 1321 Robert de Neville b. 1321, d. a 1321	de Neville, Robert (I5687)
1253	Robert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester was born illegitimately circa 1090 at Caen, Normandy, France. He was the son of Henry I 'Beauclerc', King of England and Sybilla Corbet. He married Mabel FitzHamon, daughter of Robert FitzHamon, Earl of Gloucester and Sybil de Montgomery. He died on 31 October 1147 at Bristol, Gloucestershire, England, from a fever. He was buried at Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England. He gained the title of 1st Earl of Gloucester [England] between June 1122 and September 1122. Robert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (before 1100 - 31 October 1147) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was called "Rufus" and occasionally "de Caen", he is also known as Robert "the Consul". He was the half-brother of the Empress Matilda, and her chief military supporter during the civil war known as The Anarchy, in which she vied with Stephen of Blois for the throne of England. Early life Robert was probably the eldest of Henry's many illegitimate children. He was born before his father's accession to the English throne. His mother may have been the Welsh princess Nest ferch Rhys, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr. However, his mother has also been identified as a member of "the Gay or Gayt family of north Oxfordshire", possibly a daughter of Rainald Gay (fl. 1086) of Hampton Gay and Northbrook Gay in Oxfordshire. Rainald had known issue Robert Gaay of Hampton (died c. 1138) and Stephen Gay of Northbrook (died after 1154). A number of Oxfordshire women feature as the mothers of Robert's siblings. He may have been a native of Caen or he may have been only Constable and Governor of that city, jure uxoris. His father had contracted him in marriage to Mabel FitzHamon, daughter and heir of Robert Fitzhamon, but the marriage was not solemnized until June 1119 at Lisieux,. His wife brought him the substantial honours of Gloucester in England and Glamorgan in Wales, and the honours of Sainte-Scholasse-sur-Sarthe and Ã‰vrecy in Normandy, as well as Creully. After the White Ship disaster late in 1120, and probably because of this marriage, in 1121 or 1122 his father created him Earl of Gloucester. Family Robert of Caen and his wife Mabel FitzRobert had seven children: William FitzRobert (1112-1183): succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Gloucester Roger FitzRobert (died 1179): Bishop of Worcester Hamon FitzRobert (died 1159): killed at the siege of Toulouse. Philip FitzRobert (died after 1147): lord of Cricklade Matilda FitzRobert (died 1190): married in 1141 Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester. Mabel FitzRobert: married Aubrey de Vere Richard FitzRobert (1120/35-1175): succeeded his mother as Sire de Creully. Robert of Caen had four illegitimate children: Richard FitzRobert (died 1142): Bishop of Bayeux [mother: Isabel de Douvres, sister of Richard de Douvres, bishop of Bayeux (1107-1133)] Robert FitzRobert (died 1170): Castellan of Gloucester, married in 1147 Hawise de Reviers (daughter of Baldwin de Reviers, 1st Earl of Devon and his first wife Adelisa), had daughter Mabel FitzRobert (married firstly Jordan de Chambernon and secondly William de Soliers) Mabel FitzRobert: married Gruffud, Lord of Senghenydd, son of Ifor Bach. This couple were ancestors of Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the U.S.A. Father of Thomas Relationship with King Stephen There is evidence in the contemporary source, the Gesta Stephani, that Robert was proposed by some as a candidate for the throne, but his illegitimacy ruled him out: "Among others came Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of King Henry, but a bastard, a man of proved talent and admirable wisdom. When he was advised, as the story went, to claim the throne on his father's death, deterred by sounder advice he by no means assented, saying it was fairer to yield it to his sister's son (the future Henry II of England), than presumptuously to arrogate it to himself." This suggestion cannot have led to any idea that he and Stephen were rivals for the Crown, as Geoffrey of Monmouth in 1136 referred to Robert as one of the 'pillars' of the new King's rule. The capture of King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141 gave the Empress Matilda the upper hand in her battle for the throne, but by alienating the citizens of London she failed to be crowned Queen. Her forces were defeated at the Rout of Winchester on 14 September 1141, and Robert of Gloucester was captured nearby at Stockbridge. The two prisoners, King Stephen and Robert of Gloucester, were then exchanged, but by freeing Stephen, the Empress Matilda had given up her best chance of becoming queen. She later returned to France, where she died in 1167, though her son succeeded Stephen as King Henry II in 1154. Robert of Gloucester died in 1147 at Bristol Castle, where he had previously imprisoned King Stephen, and was buried at St James' Priory, Bristol, which he had founded.	de Caen, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester (I3135)
1254	Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, also 1st Lord of Skipton (c. 1274-1314), was an English soldier who became first Lord Warden of the Marches, defending the English border with Scotland. He was born in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, and was married there in 1295 to Maud de Clare, eldest daughter of Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald. Robert de Clifford and Maud de Clare had three children. A son of Roger de Clifford the younger (d.1282) and his wife Isabella de Vieuxpont, he inherited the estates of his grandfather, Roger de Clifford the elder, in 1286. He then obtained through his mother (d.1291) part of the extensive land of the Viponts. He was summoned to parliament as a baron in 1299. In 1308 he acquired on the death of his mother's sister Idonea the remainder of the Vipont lands and thus became one of the most powerful barons of his age. During the reigns of Edward I and Edward II, Clifford was a prominent soldier from an early age. In 1296 he was sent with Henry Percy to quell the Scots who asked for terms at Irvine. He was appointed Governor of Carlisle. During the reign of the first king, he was styled Warden of the Marches and then, during the reign of the second, Lord Warden of the Marches, being the first holder of this office. In 1298 he fought with Edward I at the Battle of Falkirk in which William Wallace was defeated, for which he was rewarded with Governorship of Nottingham Castle. He won great renown at the siege of Caerlaverock Castle in 1300. After the death of Edward I in 1307 and along with the Earls of Lincoln, Warwick and Pembroke he was appointed counsellor to Edward II. In the same year the new king appointed him as Marshal of England, and in this capacity he probably organised Edward's coronation on 25 February 1308. On 12 March he was relieved on the marshalcy, Nottingham Castle and his forest justiceship, but on 20 August he was appointed captain and chief guardian of Scotland. In 1310 Edward also granted him Skipton Castle and the Honour of Skipton in Craven. He took part in 1312 with the Earl of Lancaster in the movement against Edward's favourite, Piers Gaveston, besieging him at Scarborough Castle. Clifford was killed on 24 June 1314 fighting at the Battle of Bannockburn. and was buried at Shap Abbey in Westmoreland. His son Roger succeeded him as the 2nd Baron de Clifford. Daughter Idonia married Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy, 9th Baron Percy and 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick. See The House of Clifford Ch.12. On page 55 it mentions a poem that describes Robert's grandmother as Isabel De Bigod, Dau. of Hugh le Bigod, Earl of Norfolk; yet on page 51 it describes his ancestors which does not include Isabel De Bigod. Inherited the his mother's half of the Vipont estates in 1291 and following the Died of his aunt Idonea in 1308 he was able to reunite the two halves of the Vipont estates under the Clifford name. Robert was very active against the Scots from a very early age and in 1296/7 along with Henry Percy he was ordered to invade Scotland. Scots, who were camped at Irvine, quickly asked for terms rather than fight the combined cavalries of Percy and Clifford. Robert was appointed Governor of Carlisle, captain and guardian of the Scottish marches and of the county of Cumberland. Lord Clifford took part in the battle of Falkirk that saw King Edward I's decisive victory over William Wallace and was rewarded with the governorship of Nottingham Castle. Robert was present at the death of Edward I in 1307 and along with the Earls of Lincoln, Warwick and Pembroke he was appointed counsellor to Edward II and in the same year the new King appointed him as the Justiciar of England South of the Trent. In 1310 Edward II granted him Skipton Castle and the Honour of Skipton in Craven. Robert Clifford had promised the dying Edward I that he would not let Piers Gaveston lead the new King astray so in May 1312, along with the Earl of Lancaster, he besieged Scarborough Castle where Gaveston had taken refuge. Gaveston soon surrendered and was executed without trial. Robert was appointed Governor of Norham Castle in 1314 as he mustered men for what was to become know as the battle of Bannockburn. King Edward's army was defeated on 24th Jun 1314 and among the English dead was Robert 1st Lord Clifford. By his wife, Maud De Clare, Robert left three children, Roger, Robert and Idoine.	de Clifford, Robert 1st Baron de Clifford (I4973)
1255	Robert de Clifford, 3rd Baron de Clifford, also 3rd Lord of Skipton (1305-1344) was a member of the Clifford family which held the seat of Skipton from 1310 to 1676. He was the second son of Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford and Maud de Clare, eldest daughter of Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond and Juliana FitzGerald. His title was restored to him in 1327 after being forfeited by his elder brother Roger de Clifford, 2nd Baron de Clifford who was hanged for treason. He married Isabel de Berkeley at Berkeley Castle in 1328. They had 7 children. He was succeeded as Baron De Clifford by the eldest, Robert de Clifford, 4th Baron de Clifford	Clifford, Robert 3rd Baron Clifford (I5775)
1256	Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros of Helmsley, (c. 1213 - 13 May 1285) was an English nobleman. He was grandson to Sir Robert de Ros and Isabel, an illegitimate daughter of William I of Scotland by Isabel Avenal. He was son to Sir William de Ros (d. c. 1264/1265) and Lucy FitzPiers, daughter of Piers FitzHerbert and Alice FitzRoger. He was summoned to Parliament in 1264, during the reign of Henry III. He was married to Isabel d'Aubigny, rich heiress and granddaughter of William d'Aubigny. They lived at of Belvoir in Leicestershire and reportedly had eight children: William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros (1255-1317). Isabel de Ros (c. 1244 - 12 June 1356. Married de Fauconberge. Mary de Ros (1245 - 23 May 1326). Third wife of William de Braose, son of John de Braose and Margaret ferch Llewellyn. Joan de Ros (c. 1252 - 13 October 1348). Married John Lovell, 1st Baron Lovell of Tichmarch. Avelina de Ros. Married Sir John de Bohun of Midhurst. Robert de Ros (1265-1361). Married "Ernberge". John de Ros, Bishop of Carlisle (d. 1332). Nicholas de Ros. On 3 July 1257, Ros obtained from Henry III a grant of the free warren, in the lordship of Belvoir, by which the boundary was determined. In 1258, he was actively employed in Scotland, in delivering King Alexander III of Scotland out of the hands of his rebellious subjects; and at Chester, in resisting the hostile invasions of Llewelyn the Last. In the same year, he and his lady Isabel had a controversy with the Prior and Convent of Belvoir, relative to the right of presentation to the Church of Redmile (near Bottesford), which was amicably compromised by their relinquishing the patronage to the convent, for a certain compensation. In 1261 he obtained from the king the grant of a weekly market, to be held at Belvoir, on Tuesday; and of an annual fair on the feast of St John the Baptist, to continue for three days. In 1264, he was one of the insurgent barons who defeated Henry III at the battle of Lewes, and took him and the prince prisoner, confining them in Hungerford Castle. In 1264, de Ros was summoned to the parliament, which was called by the barons in the king's name. He died in 1285, and was buried at Kirkham Priory.	de Ros,, Sir Robert 1st Baron de Ros (I4130)
1257	Robert de SablÃ© was the Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1193 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192. Personal life No exact record of his birth date exists, but it is believed he was relatively old at the time of his death. He was born to a respected military family in Anjou and was "a leading Angevin vassal of the King". His lordship was based in a cluster of lands in the River Sarthe valley, which he inherited in the 1160s. He married Clemence de Mayenne (died before 1209), the daughter of Geoffroy, Seigneur de Mayenne and Isabelle de Meulan. He was succeeded in Anjou by his daughter Marguerite de SablÃ©, who by marriage passed the entire honor to William des Roches, also a knight of the Third Crusade. Robert died in the Holy Land on 23 September 1193. Military record Angevin Civil War In 1173, SablÃ© supported Henry the Young King in a revolt against Henry II. The uprising was crushed but Robert must have remained in favour with the Angevin Kings, as Richard I would later be instrumental in his appointment as Grand Master. He contributed money to French monastic houses in 1190 as a way of making amends. Third Crusade Despite only having a short tenure, SablÃ©'s reign was filled with successful campaigning. Before his election as Grand Master he led Richard I's navy from England and Normandy to the Mediterranean getting involved in the Reconquista in passage. The might of Richard the Lion Heart's strategy, seasoned troops, and the elite Templar knights scored many victories. During the Third Crusade, they laid siege to the city of Acre, which soon fell. Throughout August 1191, they also recaptured many fortresses and cities along the Palestinian coast, which had been lost previously. The new coalition's finest hour was the Battle of Arsuf, 7 September 1191. Saladin's Muslim forces appeared to have become far stronger than the Christians, and a decisive victory was desperately needed. Pooling all of the crusader's strength, the Knights Hospitaller joined the ranks, plus many knights from SablÃ©'s native Anjou, Maine, and Brittany. They met Saladin's troops on the dry plains and soon broke his ranks. Those who stayed to fight were killed, and the remaining Islamic troops were forced to retreat. Acquisition of Cyprus At the end of 1191, Richard Lion Heart agreed to sell Cyprus to the Templars for 25,000 pieces of silver. Richard had plundered the island from the Byzantine forces of a rival emperor in Cyprus some months earlier and had no real use for it. The Hospitallers would later establish solid bases on the islands Rhodes and Malta, but SablÃ© failed to do the same with the island of Cyprus. He was lord for two years, until he gave (or sold) the island to Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, as he was without a kingdom. SablÃ© did manage to establish a Chieftain House of the Order in Saint-Jean d'Acre, which remained for almost a century. Delayed election SablÃ© was lucky to have been Grand Master at all, as at the time of Gerard de Ridefort's death, he was not even a member of the Templar Order. However, the senior knights had become increasingly opposed to Masters fighting on the front line, and the capture and beheading of Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort became the final straw. They delayed elections for over a year so that the rules regarding active service of Grand Masters could be reviewed. During this hiatus, SablÃ© did join the order, just in time to be considered for election. When he was made Grand Master, he had been a Templar knight for less than a year.	de SablÃ©, Robert (I4027)
1258	Robert de Vieuxpont or Robert de Veteriponte was an Anglo-Norman landowner and administrator in the north of England. He was born the younger son of William de Vieuxpont and his wife Maud de Morville. He entered royal service and was initially employed in Normandy as a paymaster of troops and director of military works, including those on Rouen Castle. He was rewarded in February 1203 by being given custody of the castles of Appleby and Brough, to which the lordship of Westmorland was added a month later, together with the shrievalty of Westmorland, to be held in perpetuity. He married Idonea, the daughter of John de Builli, which brought him more land and honours. After returning from Normandy with King John in late 1203 Vieuxpont became increasingly involved in northern administration. In October 1204 he became High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests including control of the castle of Nottingham, an important royal treasury and power base. In 1206 he was a justice and assessor of tallage in the northern counties, in 1207 he was given custody of the see of York, and in April 1208 custody of the see of Durham. From 1210 to 1216 he was High Sheriff of Devon and from 1210-1213 High Sheriff of Wiltshire. He was highly trusted by John, who put in his care both his treasury, his son Richard and his niece Eleanor. In 1216 he was also entrusted with the custody of Cumberland and Carlisle Castle and from 1217 to 1222 made High Sheriff of Cumberland. He successfully defended his by now considerable holdings from Scottish depredation, building Brougham Castle in the process. In 1227 he bequeathed his body, along with his estate at Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, to the Knights Templar and died by 1 February 1228. His son and heir, John, died in 1242, his grandson, another Robert, in 1264 and the Vieuxpont inheritance was divided between the younger Robert's daughters Isabella and Idonea. On the death of Idonea however it passed to Isabella's husband Roger de Clifford to forge one of the greatest northern lordships. A daughter Christian married his ward, Thomas, the son of William of Greystoke, heir to the barony of Greystoke in Cumberland. Vieuxpont [Veteri Ponte, Vipont], Robert de (d. 1228), administrator and magnate, came of a family that took its name from Vieuxpont-en-Auge (Calvados) in Normandy. He was the younger son of William de Vieuxpont (d. in or before 1203), who became an important Anglo-Scottish landowner, and his wife, Maud de Morville (d. c.1210), whose father Hugh (in 1170 one of the assassins of Thomas Becket) forfeited the barony of Westmorland in 1173. Robert's elder brother, Ivo, inherited their father's estates in Northamptonshire and Northumberland, while Robert had entered royal service by 1195, and was custodian of the honours of Peverel, Higham Ferrers, and Tickhill in the latter years of Richard I's reign. But he achieved much greater eminence under John. At first he was principally employed in Normandy, especially as a paymaster of troops and director of military works, including those on Rouen Castle, and in 1203 he became bailli of the Roumois. His services were rewarded by the grant of Vieuxpont itself, formerly held by an uncle who had joined the French, and also by grants in England. In February 1203 he was given custody of the castles of Appleby and Brough, to which the lordship of Westmorland was added a month later; then in October 1203 custody during pleasure was changed to a grant in fee simple, for the service of four knights, and Vieuxpont had become one of the leading barons in northern England. He was also to be given a number of valuable wardships, while his wife, Idonea, the daughter of John de Builli, whom he married before June 1213, brought him lands in Bedfordshire and a claim to the Yorkshire honour of Tickhill. After leaving Normandy with John in December 1203 Vieuxpont was in frequent attendance on the king until the end of 1205, when he became increasingly involved in northern administration. In October 1204 he became sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, and so had control of the strategically important castle of Nottingham, which was also a major repository for royal treasure-11,000 marks were sent there from Winchester in July 1207-and thus a base for the king's authority. Employed in 1206 as a justice and assessor of tallage in the northern counties, in 1207 he was given custody of the see of York, and in April 1208 custody of that of Durham. His manifold responsibilities may have been more than he could handle, since at the end of 1208 he had to proffer 4000 marks for royal â€˜grace and favourâ€™, and undertake to submit a number of delayed accounts. But he was pardoned 3000 marks of his fine, and though he ceased to be sheriff of Nottingham he continued to be prominent in John's service. He held Durham until 1210, and in the following year was employed in Wales, as the king's lieutenant in Powys. His loyalty to John brought him the accolade of a place in Roger of Wendover's list of that king's evil counsellors, and John himself acknowledged Vieuxpont's reliability by temporarily placing his second son, Richard, and his niece Eleanor in his custody. He also continued to handle substantial sums of royal money-in May 1213 he and Henry of Braybrooke received 30,000 marks from the king's treasure. He accompanied John to France in 1214, and in the civil war that broke out in the autumn of 1215 was one of the principal defenders of royal castles and interests in Yorkshire. In January 1216, moreover, he was entrusted with the custody of Cumberland and Carlisle Castle. He also had important interests of his own to defend in the north-west. His acquisition of Westmorland had been followed by an accumulation of estates in the region, including one on which he built a castle at Brougham, in order to defend his lordship against attack from the north-the constable of Scotland, Alan of Galloway, had a claim to Westmorland through his mother, Helen de Morville, and occupied the lordship for a year when the Scots overran English Cumbria in 1216. Vieuxpont fought for the young Henry III at Lincoln in 1217, but gave much trouble in the years that followed. He was said by Wendover to have continued to plunder after peace had been made, but greater difficulties arose from his claim to Tickhill, which was disputed by Alice, countess of Eu. In order to appease him for the time being the regency government, which had reappointed him sheriff of Cumberland in September 1217, conceded in the following year that he should hold that office without accounting for the profits of office until justice had been done on his claim to Tickhill. In the event he held Cumberland until 1222, without accounting for any issues at all. Having dislodged Alan of Galloway from Westmorland, he was by far the greatest figure in the north-west, which he governed with a heavy hand-there were complaints over his administration of the royal forest in 1220 and 1225, and he quarrelled with William of Lancaster, lord of Kendal, over suits to Westmorland county court. He was not always fractious, however, and served as a justice itinerant in Yorkshire and Northumberland in 1218-19. In 1222 the dispute over Tickhill was settled; Vieuxpont abandoned his claim to the honour, settling instead for six and a half knights' fees and Â£100 in cash. A further consequence was that he immediately lost his shrievalty of Cumberland, and with it yearly revenues of nearly Â£300. He may have been discontented, since at the end of 1223 he was one of the adversaries of the justiciar, Hubert de Burgh, protesting against the resumption of royal castles and sheriffdoms. But he had been reconciled to the government by February 1225, when he attested the reissue of Magna Carta, and in 1226-7 headed a judicial eyre in Yorkshire. Although Vieuxpont was a benefactor to the Cumbrian monasteries of St Bees and Shap, in 1227 he bequeathed his body, along with his estate at Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, to the knights templar. The bequest itself, and the fact that its witnesses included a doctor, point to failing health, and by 1 February 1228 he was dead, probably very recently. He left a son and a daughter. The latter, Christian, he married to his ward, Thomas, son of William of Greystoke, the heir to the barony of Greystoke in Cumberland. His son and heir, John, died in 1241, his grandson, another Robert, in 1264. Divided between this younger Robert's daughters, the Vieuxpont inheritance was finally reassembled by the Cliffords, to form the basis of one of the greatest, and longest-lasting, northern lordships. Henry Summerson Sources Chancery records (RC) Â· Chancery records Â· Pipe rolls, 7 Richard I - 17 John Â· H. C. M. Lyte, ed., Liber feodorum: the book of fees, 1 (1920) Â· T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli Normanniae, RC (1835) Â· Curia regis rolls preserved in the Public Record Office (1922-), vols. 9, 11T. Stapleton, ed., Magni rotuli scaccarii Normanniae sub regibus Angliae, 2, Society of Antiquaries of London Occasional Papers (1844) Â· J. Parker, ed., Feet of fines for the county of York, 3: from 1218 to 1231, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 62 (1921), 42-3 Â· Bodl. Oxf., MS Dodsworth 70, 83 Â· J. C. Holt, The northerners: a study in the reign of King John (1961) Â· D. A. Carpenter, The minority of Henry III (1990) Â· K. J. Stringer, â€˜Periphery and core in thirteenth-century Scotland: Alan, son of Roland, lord of Galloway and constable of Scotlandâ€™, Medieval Scotland: crown, lordship and community: essays presented to G. W. S. Barrow, ed. A. Grant and K. J. Stringer (1993), 82-113 Â· H. Summerson, M. Trueman, and S. Harrison, Brougham Castle, Cumbria (1998) Â· I. J. Sanders, English baronies: a study of their origin and descent, 1086-1327 (1960) Â· H. M. Colvin, The white canons in England (1951) Â· Rogeri de Wendover liber qui dicitur flores historiarum, ed. H. G. Hewlett, 3 vols., Rolls Series, [84] (1886-9) Â· CPR, 1232-47, 284 Â· T. D. Hardy, ed., Rotuli litterarum clausarum, RC, 1 (1833), 136 Â· Calendar of the charter rolls, 6 vols., PRO (1903-27), vol. 1, p. 77 Wealth at death very wealthy; wardship of son valued (presumably conservatively) at Â£400 p.a. in 1241: CPR Â· tenure of Cumberland valued at nearly Â£300 p.a. extra Â© Oxford University Press 2004-5 All rights reserved: see legal notice Henry Summerson, â€˜Vieuxpont , Robert de (d. 1228)â€™, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28276, accessed 28 Nov 2005] Robert de Vieuxpont (d. 1228): doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28276 English translation of the Latin Document above. Re Robert de Vieuxpont 1203. Translated by B Westcott Account of Robert de Vieuxpont, 1203 Account of Robert de Vieuxpont concerning his receipts Robert de Vieuxpont gives an account, through William Quaggelâ€™, and John the Queenâ€™s Chaplain, Of 9 measures 1 quarter and a half of wheat which he received out of the chattels of William Poignard of Bretevillâ€™ and of Verson, in the measure of the same towns, And of 2 8 measures 4 sesters of wheat which he received out of the chattels of the same William from Lengrova in the measure of the same town, And of 8 measures 9 sesters 3 quarters of barley which he received out of the chattels of the same William from Bretevillâ€™ and of Verson, in the measure of the same towns, And of 2 measures 10 sesters of oats which he received out of the chattels of the same William from the same towns in the measure of the same towns, And of 10 bushels of lentils which he received out of the chattels of the same William from the same towns in the measure of Cadâ€™, And of 2 bushels of beans which he received out of the chattels of the same, from the same towns, in the same measure, And of 3 quarters of malt which he received out of the chattels of the same William from the same towns in the measure of Cadâ€™, And of 2 measures 2 sesters of barley which he received out of the chattels of the same William from Lengrova in the measure of the same town, And of 1 measure 10 sesters of barley which he received out of the chattels of John Ruffus of Corcella in the measure of Corcella. Sum; 17 measures 4 sesters 1 quarter and a half of wheat, And 2 measures 10 sesters of oats, And 12 measures 9 sesters 3 quarters of barley, And 10 bushels of lentils, And 2 bushels of beans, And 3 quarters of malt. Into the treasury; nothing. In expenses of the Queen, the wife of the King, staying at Cadâ€™, to make bread; 3 measures 7 sesters of wheat, by the Kingâ€™s writ. Account of Robert de Vieuxpont, 1203 And he owes 13 measures 9 sesters 1 quarter and a half of wheat, And 2 measures 10 sesters of oats, And 12 measures 9 sesters 3 quarters of barley, And 10 bushels of lentils, And 2 bushels of beans, And 3 quarters of malt, Which are worth Â£193 14s 9d. The same renders an account for the same debt, And for 66s 1d which he received from customary payments [censibus] of William Poignard of Bretevillâ€™, And for 20s which he received from his bakehouse [or furnace] in the same town, And for 56s from the customary payments and straw [or perhaps some payment in respect of straw] in the same town, And for 11s 1d from straw [stramine] and customary payments [waspalio] of the same town, And for Â£6 which he received from the sale of one windmill at Lengrova of the same William, And for 40s which he received for one horse of the same William which was sold, And for 13s which he received from the sale of pigs of the same William, And for 21s which he received from the feudal aid [auxilio] of the same William at Lengrova, And for 31s 6d which he received	de Vieuxpont, Robert (I5801)
1259	Robert died in 1217 in London. He had been accidentally poisoned through medicine prepared by a Cistercian monk. Robert and his father had both been excommunicated in December 1215 as a result of the latter having been one of the 25 sureties of the Magna Carta six months before.	de Quincey, Robert (I234)
1260	Robert fitz Edith, Baron of Okenhampton was born illegitimately in 1093. He was the son of Henry I 'Beauclerc', King of England and Edith Sigulfson. He married Matilda d'Avranches, Dame du Sap, daughter of Robert d'Avranches. He died on 31 May 1172. He was also known as Robert FitzRoy.	fitz Edith, Robert Baron of Okenhampton (I1339)
1261	Robert FitzRoger, 1st Lord FitzRoger was born circa 1249. He was the son of Roger FitzJohn. He married Margaret de la Zouche, daughter of Sir Alan de la Zouche. He died in 1310. An inquest post mortem was held for his on 29 April 1310. He fought in the Wars with Scotland between 1294 and 1298, where he distinguished himself. He was created 1st Lord FitzRoger [England by writ] on 2 November 1295. Children of Robert FitzRoger, 1st Lord FitzRoger and Margaret de la Zouche John de Clavering, 1st Lord Clavering b. c 1266, d. b 23 Jan 1331/32 Eupheme FitzRobert b. c 1267, d. 1329	de Clavering, Robert 5th Baron Warkworth & Clavering (I5749)
1262	Robert I of France was married twice. Through his first wife, Aelis, he had two daughters. Each married powerful lay vassals of their father: Emma of France (894-935) to Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy, and Hildebranda (895-931) to Herbert II of Vermandois.	of France, Hildebranda (I4185)
1263	Robert I, 6th Duc de Normandie also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Devil'. Robert I, 6th Duc de Normandie also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Magnificent'. He succeeded to the title of 6th Duc de Normandie on 6 August 1028. Robert the Magnificent (French: le Magnifique) (22 June 1000 - 3 July 1035), also called Robert the Devil (French: le Diable), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death. Owing to uncertainty over the numbering of the Dukes of Normandy he is usually called Robert I, but sometimes Robert II with his ancestor Rollo as Robert I. He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith, daughter of Conan I of Rennes. He was the father of William the Conqueror. When his father died, his elder brother Richard succeeded, whilst he became Count of HiÃ©mois. When Richard died a year later, there were great suspicions that Robert had Richard murdered, hence his other nickname, "the Devil". He is sometimes identified with the legendary Robert the Devil. Robert aided King Henry I of France against Henry's rebellious brother and mother, and for his help he was given the territory of the Vexin (1032). He also intervened in the affairs of Flanders, supported his cousin Edward the Confessor, who was then in exile at Robert's court, and sponsored monastic reform in Normandy. By his mistress, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of the future William I of England (1028-1087). He also had an illegitimate daughter, but the only chronicler to explicitly address the issue, Robert of Torigny, contradicts himself, once indicating that she had a distinct mother from William, elsewhere stating that they shared the same mother. This daughter, Adelaide of Normandy (1030 - c. 1083), married three times: to Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu, Lambert II, Count of Lens, and Odo II of Champagne. After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he travelled by way of Constantinople, reached Jerusalem, and died on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035. Some sources attribute his death to poison and date it to 1 or 3 July. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him. According to the historian William of Malmesbury, William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to be buried in Normandy. Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy. Robert the Magnificent (French: le Magnifique) (22 June 1000 - 1-3 July 1035), was the Duke of Normandy from 1027 until his death. Owing to uncertainty over the numbering of the Dukes of Normandy he is usually called Robert I, but sometimes Robert II with his ancestor Rollo as Robert I. He was the father of William the Conqueror. Life He was the son of Richard II of Normandy and Judith, daughter of Conan I, Duke of Brittany. He was also grandson of Richard I of Normandy, great-grandson of William I of Normandy and great-great grandson of Rollo, the Viking who founded Normandy. Before he died, Richard II had decided his elder son Richard III would succeed him while his second son Robert would became Count of HiÃ©mois. In August of 1026 their father, Richard II, died and Richard III became duke, but very soon afterwards Robert rebelled against his brother, was subsequently defeated and forced to swear fealty to his older brother Richard. Early reign When Richard III died a year later there were suspicions that Robert had something to do with his brother's death and although nothing can be proved, Robert had most to gain. But the civil war Robert I had brought against his brother Richard III was still causing instability in the duchy. Private wars between neighboring barons raged resulting in a new aristocracy which rose in Normandy during Robertâ€™s reign. It was also during this time that many of the lesser nobility left Normandy to seek their fortunes in southern Italy and elsewhere. Soon after assuming the dukedom, however, possibly in revenge for supporting his brother against him, Robert I assembled an army against his uncle, Robert, Archbishop of Rouen and count of Ã‰vreux. Only a temporary truce allowed his uncle to leave Normandy in exile but with an edict of excommunication placed on all of Normandy, which was only lifted when Archbishop Robert was allowed to return and his countship was restored. Robert also attacked another powerful churchman, his cousin Hugo III. d'Ivry, Bishop of Bayeux, banishing him from Normandy for an extended period of time. Robert also seized a number of church properties belonging to the abbey of Fecamp. Outside of Normandy Despite his domestic troubles Robert decided to intervene in the civil war in Flanders between Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and his father Baldwin IV whom the younger Baldwin had driven out of Flanders. Baldwin V, supported by king Robert II of France, his father-in-law, was persuaded to make peace with his father in 1030 when Duke Robert promised the elder Baldwin his considerable military support. Robert gave shelter to Henry I of France against his mother, Queen Constance, who favored her younger son Robert to succeed to the French throne after his father Robert II. For his help Henry I rewarded Robert with the French Vexin. In the early 1030s Alan III, Duke of Brittany began expanding his influence from the area of Rennes and appeared to have designs on the area surrounding Mont Saint-Michel After sacking Dol and repelling Alan's attempts to raid Avranches, Robert mounted a major campaign against his cousin Alan III. However, Alan appealed to their uncle, Archbishop Robert of Rouen, who then brokered a peace between Duke Robert and his vassal Alan III. His cousins, the Athelings Edward and Alfred, sons of his aunt Emma of Normandy and Athelred, King of England had been living at the Norman Court and at one point Robert, on their behalf, attempted to mount an invasion of England but was prevented in doing so, it was said, by unfavorable winds. Gesta Normannorum Ducum stated that King Cnut sent envoys to Duke Robert offering to settle half the Kingdom of England on Edward and Alfred. After postponing the naval invasion he chose to also postpone the decision until after he returned from Jerusalem. The Church and his pilgrimage Robert's attitude towards the Church had changed noticeably certainly since his reinstating his uncle's position as Archbiship of Rouen. In his attempt to reconcile his differences with the Church he restored property that he or his vassals had confiscated, and by 1034 had returned all the properties he had earlier taken from the abbey of Fecamp. After making his illegitimate son William his heir, he set out on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. According to the Gesta Normannorum Ducum he travelled by way of Constantinople, reached Jerusalem, fell seriously ill and died[b] on the return journey at Nicaea on 2 July 1035. His son William, aged about eight, succeeded him. According to the historian William of Malmesbury, decades later his son William sent a mission to Constantinople and Nicaea, charging it with bringing his father's body back to be buried in Normandy. Permission was granted, but, having travelled as far as Apulia (Italy) on the return journey, the envoys learned that William himself had meanwhile died. They then decided to re-inter Robert's body in Italy. Issue By his mistress, Herleva of Falaise, he was father of: William I of England (c.1028-1087). By Herleva or possibly another concubine, he was the father of: Adelaide of Normandy, who married firstly, Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu. She married secondly, Lambert II, Count of Lens, and thirdly, Odo II of Champagne	Robert I Duke of Normandy (I3608)
1264	Robert I, Roi de France was the son of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria. He died circa 15 June 923, killed in action. He gained the title of Roi Robert I de France circa 29 June 922. Robert I (15 August 866 - 15 June 923), King of Western Francia (922-923), was the younger son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, and the brother of Odo, who became king of the Western Franks in 888. West Francia evolved over time into France; under Odo, the capital was fixed on Paris, a large step in that direction. His family is known as the Robertians. He was present at the Siege of Paris in 885. Appointed by Odo ruler of several counties, including the county of Paris, and abbot in commendam of many abbeys, Robert also secured the office of Dux Francorum, a military dignity of high importance. He did not claim the crown of West Francia when his brother died in 898; but recognising the supremacy of the Carolingian king, Charles the Simple, he was confirmed in his offices and possessions, after which he continued to defend northern Francia from the attacks of the Norsemen. The peace between the king and his powerful vassal was not seriously disturbed until about 921. The rule of Charles, and especially his partiality for a certain Hagano, had aroused some irritation; and, supported by many of the clergy and by some of the most powerful of the Frankish nobles, Robert took up arms, drove Charles into Lorraine, and was himself crowned king of the Franks (rex Francorum) at Rheims on 29 June 922. Collecting an army, Charles marched against the usurper and, on 15 June 923, in a stubborn and sanguinary battle near Soissons, Robert was killed, according to one tradition in single combat with his rival. His army nonetheless won the battle, and Charles was captured. Robert was married twice. Through his first wife, Aelis, he had two daughters. Each married powerful lay vassals of their father: Emma of France (894-935) to Rudolph, Duke of Burgundy, and Hildebranda (895-931) to Herbert II of Vermandois. Through his second wife, BÃ©atrice of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I of Vermandois, he had his only son, Hugh the Great, who was later dux Francorum and father of King Hugh Capet, and a daughter Richilda. He may have had other daughters.	Robert I of France (I4191)
1265	Robert II de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby, a younger, but eldest surviving, son of Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby and his wife Hawise, succeeded his father as Earl of Derby in 1139. (William the older brother had been murdered in London some time before) He was head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire including an area later known as Duffield Frith. Little is known of Robert's life, other than his generosity to the church. In 1148, he established Merevale Abbey in Warwickshire, England, where he requested to be buried in an ox hide. The stone effigies of Robert and his wife, Margaret Peverel, lie in the gatehouse chapel of Merevale Abbey, near the village of Atherstone. He founded the Priory of Derby, which later moved to Darley Abbey, and its Abbot was granted many privileges in Duffield Forest and Chase. He continued his father's attempts to play a role in the civil war commonly called The Anarchy that arose because of the contesting claims of Empress Matilda and Stephen of England. The family's support for Stephen led to him being awarded the revenues of the Borough of Derby in 1139, though in 1149 Stephen then granted the Borough to the Earl of Chester. He finally threw in his lot with the future Henry II after Tutbury Castle was besieged in 1153. However when Henry came to the throne in 1154, he withdrew de Ferrers' right to use the title of Earl or to receive the "third penny" on the profits of the county. He died in 1162 and was succeeded by his son William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby.	de Ferrers, Robert 2nd Earl of Derby (I898)
1266	Robert II, Rodbert or Chrodobert (770-807) was a Frank, count of Worms and Rheingau and duke of Hesbaye around the year 800. His family is known as Robertians. His son was Robert III of Worms and his grandson was Robert the Strong. Robert of Hesbaye is the oldest known ancestor in the line of Robertians. His mother was possibly Princess Chrotlind, daughter of Theuderic III, Merovingian king of Austrasia. His father was likely the son of Thuringbert of Worms and Rheingau and grandson of Robert I, Duke of Neustria (c. 697-764), whose paternal ancestors ascended in line: Lambert II, Count of Haspengau (c. 682-741) Chrodobertus II, Count of Haspengau (fl. 650) Lambert I de Haspengau (c. 620-650) Chrodobertus I de Haspengau (c. 600-630) Charibert de Haspengau (c. 555-636) Robert II is the great-grandfather of two Frankish kings, Odo and Robert, who ruled in the kingdom of Western Francia. One of his descendants is Hugh Capet, who was the "last Frankish king" and the "first king of France". The descendants of Hugh Capet ruled France until 1848 (except between the French Revolution in 1793 and the Fall of the First French Empire in 1815), with a junior line having ruled Spain since 1700. Ingerman and Cancor were possibly his brothers. Landrada, mother of Saint Chrodegang, archbishop of Metz, is likely his sister. Ermengarde, wife of emperor Louis the Pious was most likely his niece.	of Hesbaye, Robert (I338)
1267	Robert III (800-834), also called Rutpert, was the Count of Worms and Rheingau of the illustrious Frankish family called the Robertians. He was the son of Robert of Hesbaye. By his wife Waldrada of Worms he had his only recorded son Robert the Strong. His niece was Ermengard, wife of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious. His cousin Chrodogang was Archbishop of Metz and abbot of the Lorsch Abbey. An uncle of Robert was Count Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey. Via Robert the Strong he was grandfather of two kings of Western Francia named Odo and Robert. He was the great-great-grandfather of Hugo Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty that ruled France until the French Revolution.	Robert III of Worms (I331)
1268	Robert III de Brus (fl. 12th century, died ca. 1191) was the oldest son of Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale. He predeceased his father, and so did not inherit the lordship of Annandale, which passed to his brother, William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale. He married in 1183 Isabella Mac William (IsibÃ©al inghean Uilleim), illegitimate daughter of King William I of Scotland through the latter's liaison with a daughter of Robert Avenel lord of Eskdale. There were no children. His great-great-great-nephew was his famous historical namesake, King Robert I of Scotland.	de Brus, Robert III (I1741)
1269	Robert of Corbeil is the son of Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie and Poppa of Normandy de Valois. He was also known as Count of Corbeil.	of Corbeil, Robert (I4512)
1270	Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed. Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'. Robert IV the Strong (820 - July 2, 866), also known as Rutpert, was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert III of Worms. Origins and rise to power While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids. Revolt Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled. Louis the German reached OrlÃ©ans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt. War with Bretons and Vikings While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert. In 862 two groups of Vikings-one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition-converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley. Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon. Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria. The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria. He was made Lay abbot of the influential abbey St. Martin at Tours. Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans. Death and legacy In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses. The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars she was Adelaide of Tours or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife. French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-BÃ©nigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines. The EuropÃ¤ische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo and Robert.	Robert the Strong (I761)
1271	Roger Damory, Lord Damory, Baron of Amory in Ireland, (c. 1290 - bef. 14 March 1321/1322) was a nobleman and Constable of Corfe Castle. He was the younger son of Sir Robert Damory, Knight, of Bucknell and Woodperry, Oxfordshire. Sir Roger also possessed in his own right the manors of Bletchington and Holton, Oxfordshire, Standon in Hertfordshire, Caythorpe in Lincolnshire, and Knaresborough and St. Briavels' Castles. He fought at the Battle of Bannockburn where he provided "good services", following which he was granted the manors of Sandal, Yorkshire and Vauxhall, Surrey, in 1317. He was summoned to parliament on 20 November 1317, and in the 11th (1318), 12th (1319), 13th (1320) and 14th (1321) years of the reign of King Edward II, whereby he is held to have become Lord d'Amory. He had been a favorite of King Edward II of England until he was displaced by Hugh the younger Despenser. d'Amory took an active part in the Despenser War in 1321-1322 and was one of the principals in this affair. He captured Gloucester, burnt Bridgnorth, was at the siege of Tickhill and the battle at Burton-on-Trent. As a result his lands were confiscated and orders were issued for his arrest. Retreating before the King's forces, being either sick or wounded he was left behind at Tutbury Castle, Staffordshire, where he was captured on 11 March 1322 (1321/1322). He was quickly tried and condemned to death. It appears, however, that his illness beat the executioner as he died there "of illness" two days later, and was buried at St. Mary's, Ware, Hertfordshire. He married shortly before 3 May 1317 Elizabeth de Clare, being her third husband. They had one child: Elizabeth Damory (died before her husband) who married John Bardolf, 3rd Lord Bardolf (1311-1363) and was mother to William 4th Lord Bardolf (1349-1386).	Ireland, Sir Roger d'Amory Lord d'Amory Baron of Amory in (I5573)
1272	Roger de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Warwick (1102 - 12 June 1153) was the elder son of Henry de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Warwick and Marguerite, daughter of Geoffrey II of Perche and Beatrix of Montdidier. He was also known as Roger de Newburg. He was generally considered to have been a devout and pious man; a chronicle of the period, the Gesta Regis Stephani, speaks of him as a "man of gentle disposition". The borough of Warwick remembers him as the founder of the Hospital of S. Michael for lepers which he endowed with the tithes of Wedgnock, and other property; he also endowed the House of the Templars beyond the bridge. In the reign of Stephen he founded a priory dedicated to S. Kenned at Llangennilth, Co. Glamorgan and he attached it as a cell to the Abbey of S. Taurinus at Evreux in Normandy. Family and children He married 1130 Gundred de Warenne, daughter of William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth de Vermandois and had children: William de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Warwick. Waleran de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Warwick (1153 - 12 December 1204). Henry de Beaumont, was Dean of Salisbury in 1205. Agnes de Beaumont, married Geoffrey de Clinton, Chamberlain to the King and son of Geoffrey de Clinton, the founder of Kenilworth Castle and Priory. Margaret de Beaumont. Gundred de Beaumont (c.1135-1200), married Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk Roger de Glanville.	de Beaumont, Roger 2nd Earl of Warwick (I3257)
1273	Roger de Clare (1116-1173) was a son of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare and Alice de Gernon. He succeeded to the earldom when his brother Gilbert died without issue. In 1164 he assisted with the Constitutions of Clarendon. From his munificence to the Church and his numerous acts of piety, Roger was called the "Good Earl of Hertford". He married (c. 1150) Maud de St. Hilary (1132-24 December 1193), daughter of James de St. Hilary and Aveline. Together they had seven children: Mabel de Clare, d. 1204, m. (c. 1175), Nigel de Mowbray. Richard de Clare, b. c. 1153, Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England, d. 28 November 1217, 3rd Earl of Hertford James de Clare Eveline (Aveline) de Clare, d. 4 June 1225, m. [1] (c. 1204), Geoffrey IV Fitz Piers (Fitz Peter), 1st Earl of Essex. m. [2] Sir William Munchensy, (b. c. 1184), son of Warin de Munchensy and Agnes Fitz John. Roger de Clare, d. 1241, Middleton, Norfolk, England. John de Clare Henry de Clare There is a first school, Roger de Clare School, in the village of Puckeridge, Hertfordshire, named after Roger de Clare.	de Clare, Roger 2nd Earl of Hertford (I4986)
1274	Roger de Lacy (1170-1211), 6th Baron of Pontefract, 7th Lord of Bowland, Lord of Blackburnshire, 7th Baron of Halton and Constable of Chester was formerly Roger le Constable. He was also known as Roger FitzJohn (son of John) and during the time that he was hoping to inherit his grandmother's de Lisours lands as Roger de Lisours. He was the son of John FitzRichard (son of Richard), Baron of Halton, Lord of Bowland, Lord of Flamborough and Constable of Chester. Roger became Baron of Pontefract on the death of his paternal grandmother Albreda de Lisours (-aft.1194) who had inherited the Barony in her own right as 1st-cousin and heir to Robert de Lacy (-1193), 4th Baron of Pontefract. In agreements with his grandmother Roger adopted the name of de Lacy, received the right to inherit the Barony of Pontefract and its lands, and the lands of Bowland, and Blackburnshire. He gave up all claims to his grandmother's de Lisours lands. He also gave his younger brother Robert le Constable the Flamborough lands that he had inherited from his father. He married Maud or Matilda de Clere (not of the de Clare family). Military service Siege of Acon Roger was the Constable of Chester. Under the banner of Richard the Lionheart, Roger assisted at the siege of Acon, in 1192 and shared in the subsequent triumphs of that chivalrous monarch. Accession of King John At the accession of John, Roger was a person of great eminence, for we find him shortly after the coronation of that prince, deputed with the Sheriff of Northumberland, and other great men, to conduct William, King of Scotland, to Lincoln, where the English king had fixed to give him an interview; and the next year he was one of the barons present at Lincoln, when Davis, of Scotland, did homage and fealty to King John. Siege of Rothelan In the time of this Roger, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, having entered Wales at the head of some forces, was compelled, by superior numbers, to shut himself up in the castle of Rothelan (Rhuddlan Castle), where, being closely besieged by the Welsh, he sent for aid to the Constable of Chester. Hugh Lupus, the 1st Earl of Chester, in his charter of foundation of the Abbey of St. Werberg, at Chester, had given a privilege to the frequenters of Chester fair, "That they should not be apprehended for theft, or any other offense during the time of the fair, unless the crime was committed therein." This privilege made the fair, of course, the resort of thieves and vagabonds from all parts of the kingdom. Accordingly, the Constable, Roger de Lacy, forthwith marched to his relief, at the head of a concourse of people, then collected at the fair of Chester, consisting of minstrels, and loose characters of all description, forming altogether so numerous a body, that the besiegers, at their approach, mistaking them for soldiers, immediately raised the siege. For this timely service, the Earl of Chester conferred upon De Lacy and his heirs, the patronage of all the minstrels in those parts, which patronage the Constable transferred to his steward; and was enjoyed for many years afterwards. High Sheriff He was appointed High Sheriff of Cumberland for the years 1204 to 1209. Death and succession Roger died in 1211. Roger was succeeded by his son, John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln.	de Lacy, Roger (I5106)
1275	Roger de Lacy,(died after 1106) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, a Marcher Lord on the Welsh border. Roger was a castle builder, particularly at Ludlow Castle. Lands and titles From Walter de Lacy he inherited Castle Frome, Herefordshire. The Domesday Survey (1086) shows Roger holding also Almeley Castle, and Eardisley Castle. He had an insecure lordship at Ewias Lacy now known as Longtown Castle on the modern day Welsh border, in Longtown, Herefordshire; Stanton Lacy was probably also his after Walter. His main stronghold was Weobley. He held directly from the King. Rebel Baron He took part in the rebellion of 1088 against William Rufus, with the other local lords Osbern fitzRichard of Richard's Castle, Ralf of Mortemer, and Bernard of Neufmarche. He was later implicated in the conspiracy of 1095 against William, and was exiled. Legacy of family conflict Weobley passed to his brother Hugh de Lacy who died before 1115 when the de Lacy lands passed to Pain fitzJohn. Roger's son Gilbert de Lacy spent much effort recovering the Longtown[disambiguation needed] and Ludlow holdings.	de Lacy, Roger (I5593)
1276	Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury was the son of Roger de Montgomery, Seigneur de Montgomery. He married Mabel de BellÃªme, daughter of William Talvas, Signeur d'AlenÃ§on, between 1050 and 1054. He was styled as Earl of Chichester. He was created 1st Earl of Arundel [England] in December 1067, receiving grants including one third of the county of Sussex, including the city of Chichester and the Castle of Arundel. He was created Earl of Shrewsbury [feudal barony] in 1070, receiving grants of nearly the whole of Shropshire. Roger de Montgomerie (died 1094), also known as Roger the Great de Montgomery, was the first Earl of Shrewsbury. His father was also Roger de Montgomerie, and was a relative, probably a grandnephew, of the Duchess Gunnor, wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy. The elder Roger had large holdings in central Normandy, chiefly in the valley of the Dives, which the younger Roger inherited. Life Roger was one of William the Conqueror's principal counsellors. He did not fight in the initial invasion of England in 1066, instead staying behind to help govern Normandy. According to Waceâ€™s Roman de Rou, however, he commanded the Norman right flank at Hastings, returning to Normandy with King William in 1067. Afterwards he was entrusted with land in two places critical for the defense of England, receiving the rape of Arundel at the end of 1067 (or in early 1068), and in November 1071 he was created Earl of Shrewsbury; a few historians believe that while he received the Shropshire territories in 1071 he was not created Earl until a few years later. Roger was thus one of the half dozen greatest magnates in England during William the Conqueror's reign. William gave Earl Roger nearly all of what is now the county of West Sussex, which at the time of the Domesday Survey was the Rape of Arundel. The Rape of Arundel was eventually split into two rapes, one continuing with the name Rape of Arundel and the other became the Rape of Chichester. Besides the 83 manors, in Sussex, his possessions also included seven-eighths of Shropshire which was associated with the earldom of Shrewsbury, he had estates in Surrey (4 manors), Hampshire (9 manors), Wiltshire (3 manors), Middlesex (8 manors), Gloucestershire (1 manor), Worcestershire (2 manors), Cambridgeshire (8 manors), Warwickshire (11 manors) and Staffordshire (30 manors). The income from Rogerâ€™s estates would amount to about Â£2000 per year, in 1086 the landed wealth for England was around Â£72,000, so it would have represented almost 3% of the nationâ€™s GDP. After William I's death in 1087, Roger joined with other rebels to overthrow the newly crowned King William II in the Rebellion of 1088. However, William was able to convince Roger to abandon the rebellion and side with him. This worked out favourably for Roger, as the rebels were beaten and lost their land holdings in England. Roger first married Mabel de BellÃªme, who was heiress to a large territory on both sides of the border between Normandy and Maine. The medieval chronicler Orderic Vitalis paints a picture of Mabel of BellÃªme being a scheming and cruel woman. She was murdered by Hugh Bunel and his brothers, who in December 1077 rode into her castle of Bures-sur-Dive and cut off her head as she lay in bed. Their motive for the murder being that Mabel had deprived them of their paternal inheritance. Roger and Mabel had 10 children: Robert de BellÃªme, Count of AlenÃ§con in 1082, he succeeded his younger brother Hugh as 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury. He married Agnes, Countess of Ponthieu and died in 1131. Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, died without issue 1098. Roger the Poitevin,Vicomte d'Hiemois, married Adelmode de la Marche. Philip of Montgomery. Arnulf of Montgomery, married Lafracota daughter of Muirchertach Ua Briain. Sibyl of Montgomory, she married Robert Fitzhamon, Lord of Creully. Emma, abbess of AlmenchÃªches. Matilda (Maud) of Montgomery, she married Robert, Count of Mortain and died c. 1085. Mabel of Montgomery, she married Hugh de ChÃ¢teauneuf. Roger of Montgomery, died young. Roger then married Adelaide de Le Puiset, by whom he had one son, Everard, who entered the Church. After his death, Roger's estates were divided. The eldest surviving son, Robert, received the bulk of the Norman estates (as well as his mother's estates); the next son, Hugh, received the bulk of the English estates and the Earldom of Shrewsbury. After Hugh's death the elder son Robert inherited the earldom.	of Montgomery, Roger 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (I2920)
1277	Roger de Mortimer (died before 8 July 1214) was a medieval marcher lord, residing at Wigmore Castle in the English county of Herefordshire. He was the son of Hugh de Mortimer (d. 26 February 1181) and Matilda Le Meschin. He was born before 1153. Early life Roger would appear to have been of age in 1174 when he fought for King Henry II against the rebellion of his son, Henry. In 1179 Roger was instrumental in the killing of Cadwallon ap Madog, the prince of Maelienydd and Elfael, both of which Mortimer coveted. He was imprisoned until June 1182 at Winchester for this killing. Children He had married Isabel (d. before 29 April 1252), the daughter of Walchelin de Ferriers of Oakham Castle in Rutland before 1196. With Isabel, Roger had three sons and a daughter: Hugh de Mortimer (d.1227) - married Annora (Eleanor) de Braose, daughter of William de Braose and his wife Maud. Ralph de Mortimer (d.1246). Philip Mortimer Joan Mortimer (d.1225) - married May 1212 to Walter de Beauchamp He is often wrongly stated to have been the father of Robert Mortimer of Richards Castle (died 1219) - married Margary de Say, daughter of Hugh de Say. This Robert was born before 1155 and therefore could not have been a son of Roger. Lord of Maelienydd In 1195 Roger, with the backing of troops sent by King Richard I invaded Maelienydd and rebuilt Cymaron Castle. In 1196 he joined forces with Hugh de Say of Richards Castle and fought and lost the battle of New Radnor against Rhys ap Gruffydd, allegedly losing some forty knights and an innumerable number of foot in the fight. By 1200 he had conquered Maelienydd and issued a new charter of rights to Cwmhir Abbey. In the summer of 1214 he became gravely ill and bought the right for his son to inherit his lands while he still lived from King John. He died before 8 July 1214.	de Mortimer, Roger of Wigmore (I5620)
1278	Roger FitzJohn died in 1249. He lived at Horsford, Norfolk, England. He lived at Warkworth, Northumberland, England. He lived at Clavering, Essex, England. Child of Roger FitzJohn Robert FitzRoger, 1st Lord FitzRoger b. c 1249, d. 1310	FitzJohn, Roger 4th Baron Warkworth & Clavering (I5750)
1279	Roger I of Mortemer (Roger de Mortemer, Roger de Mortimer, Roger Mortimer, Roger "fili Episcopi") (bef. 990 - aft. 1074), founded the abbey of St. Victor en Caux in the Pays de Caux of Upper Normandy as early as 1074 CE. Roger claimed the castle built by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, that was situated on the river mouth of Eaulne in Mortemer, Seine-Maritime. This castle was the chief barony of Roger's descendants. He was the first Norman ancestor to assume the name Mortimer, as in the place-name Morte-mer-en-Brai, the land on which the villiage and castle was located. Background Castle in Mortemer In 1054, the territory of Ã‰vreux was invaded by French armies led by Odo, the brother of King Henry I of France. In response, Duke William II of Normandy sent his general Roger "fili Episcopi", along with other commanders, to oppose Odoâ€™s forces. They met at the castle in Mortemer, Seine-Maritime where the battle of Mortemer ensued. Roger was victorious against Odo, with Guy Comte de Ponthieu taken prisoner. Roger then took possession of the castle in Mortemer and assumed its name. However, his hold on the property was short lived due to a breach of duty to Duke William. Roger had entertained an enemy of the Duke, who was a French operative known as Count Ralph III â€œthe Greatâ€. Count Ralph was Rogerâ€™s father-in-law, and thus gave the Count shelter for three days at his castle in Mortemer until he was able to safely return to his own territories. Upon discovering the news that Roger was providing safe haven for an enemy, Duke William banished Roger from Normandy and confiscated his possessions, giving them to his nephew, William de Warenne. Eventually, Roger was pardoned by the Duke, but was never able to retain the castle in Mortemer. It wasnâ€™t until Rogerâ€™s son, Ranulph de Mortemer, was able to repossess the property by grant of Duke William. Family Roger of Mortemer had been referred to as filius Episcopi meaning, "son of the bishop". Thus, he has been identified as the son of Hugh, bishop of Coutances. Rogerâ€™s mother was niece of Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy. Roger's brother Ralph, was founder of the house of Warenne and was closely related to William de Warenne as noted by Ordericus Vitalis. However, William was neither Roger's father, nor brother, but his nephew. Roger married Hadewisa, a Lady who inherited the Vill of Mees on the river mouth of Bresle and the district of Le Vimieu. Her father was Ralph III "The Great", Count of Amiens. Roger and Hadewisa had at least three children: Ralnuph, Hugh, and William.	de Mortemer, Roger (I5624)
1280	Roger I of Tosny or Roger of Hispania was a Norman nobleman of the House of Tosny who took part in the Reconquista of Iberia. He was the son of Raoul I of Tosny. In 1013, Roger and his father Raoul I guarded the castle at TilliÃ¨res for Richard II, Duke of Normandy. A few years later, for an unknown reason, the pair were forced into exile. While his father gained a reputation for himself in Apulia, Roger did the same in fighting the Muslims in Iberia. The small Christian states of Northern Iberia welcomed volunteers and adventurers who they could use to mount a strong force for the Reconquista. Roger was summoned by Ermesinde of Carcassonne, regent-countess of Barcelona after the death of her husband Ramon Borrell, to help her against the Muslim threat to her power. Roger rushed to help, marrying Ermesende's daughter, terrorising the Saracens and capturing several towns and castles. AdÃ©mar de Chabannes gives an echo of the more or less legendary deeds of Roger in Iberia. He gained the nickname Mangeur de Maures (Moor-Eater). AdÃ©mar recounts that Roger took his captured Saracens each day and, in front of them, cut one of their number in two, boiling the first half and giving it to the other Muslims to eat, and pretending to take the other half into his own tent for him and his companions to eat. Then Roger allowed some of these prisoners to escape, to spread these horrific rumours. Before 1024, Roger and his father gained permission from Richard II to return to Normandy, and Raoul died soon afterwards. Roger de Tosny founded Conches-en-Ouche. He built its church of Sainte-Foy (before 1026) then the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Castillon (c. 1035) where monks from FÃ©camp Abbey were installed. This monastery was one of the first baronial foundations in Normandy The foundation charter reveals that the lord of Tosny gave it a small possession around Conches and his forest. In 1035, Robert I's death began a troubled period in the duchy of Normandy. Civil wars multiplied and Roger (whose relations with his neighbours was already argumentative) was one of the main players in them. According to the Norman chroniclers, the lord of Tosny refused to serve the new duke, the future William the Conqueror, due to his being a bastard. He especially took advantage of the weakness of the duke's power by ravaging his neighbours' lands, notably those of Humphrey of Vieilles. Humphrey sent his son Roger to face Roger of Tosny, and around 1040 the latter was killed in battle, and his two eldest sons died a few weeks later of their wounds. Peace was re-established between the Tosny family and the neighbouring families. The widow Gotelina/Godehildis was forced to marry Richard, Count of Ã‰vreux. Family and descendants Married : Adelaide, daughter of Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess of Barcelona Gotelina/Godehildis who married, after the death of Roger count of Ã‰vreux, Richard, Count of Ã‰vreux Children : Helbert (died 1040 with his father), Elinand, (idem), Raoul II of Tosny, successor of his father Robert of Tosny, lord of Stafford BÃ©ranger l'Espagnol, Adelise, married Guillaume Fils Osbern Berthe, married Guy de Laval[disambiguation needed] One other son	Roger I of Tosny (I5794)
1281	Roger le Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk was the son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk and Juliane de Vere. He married Ida de Tosny. Roger Bigod (c. 1144/1150 - 1221) was the son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk and his first wife, Juliana de Vere. Although his father died 1176 or 1177, Roger did not succeed to the earldom of Norfolk until 1189 for his claim had been disputed by his stepmother for her sons by Earl Hugh in the reign of Henry II. Richard I confirmed him in his earldom and other honours, and also sent him as an ambassador to France in the same year. Roger inherited his father's office as royal steward. He took part in the negotiations for the release of Richard from prison, and after the king's return to England became a justiciar. In most of the years of the reign of King John, the earl was frequently with the king or on royal business. Yet Roger was to be one of the leaders of the baronial party which obtained John's assent to Magna Carta, and his name and that of his son and heir Hugh II appear among the twenty-five barons who were to ensure the king's adherence to the terms of that document. The pair were excommunicated by the pope in December 1215, and did not make peace with the regents of John's son Henry III until 1217. Around Christmas 1181, Roger married Ida, apparently Ida de Tosny (or Ida de Toesny), and by her had a number of children including: Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk who married in 1206/ 1207, Maud, a daughter of William Marshal William Bigod Ralph Bigod Roger Bigod Margery, married William de Hastings Mary Bigod, married Ralph fitz Robert Many historians, including Marc Morris have speculated that the couple had a third daughter, Alice, who married Aubrey de Vere IV, Earl of Oxford as his second wife. If so, the marriage would have been well within the bounds of consanguinity, for the couple would have been quite closely related, a daughter of the second earl of Norfolk being first cousin once removed to the second earl of Oxford.	le Bigod, Roger 2nd Earl of Norfolk (I4470)
1282	Roger the Poitevin (Roger de Poitou) was born in Normandy in the mid-1060s and died before 1140. He was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, who possessed large holdings in both England and through his marriage in France. He was the third son of Roger of Montgomery, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabel of BellÃªme. The appellation "the Poitevin" was for his marriage to an heiress from Poitou. Roger acquired a great lordship in England, with lands in Salfordshire, Essex, Suffolk, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Hampshire and North Yorkshire. The principal part of the Lordship was in what was then called inter Mersam et Ripam, that is, "between the Mersey and the Ribble" and is now part of divided into Lancashire, Merseyside, and Greater Manchester. After 1090, he also assumed the title 1st Lord of Bowland. Before 1086, he had married Almodis, daughter of Count Aldebert II of La Marche in Poitou, and sister and presumptive heiress of count Boso III who was childless and unmarried. Roger's lordship extends beyond the Ribble as far as Cumberland Around 1091 Roger's brother-in-law Boso died, but Roger was apparently preoccupied with Norman and English affairs, and his wife's uncle Odo became count of La Marche. In 1092 Roger acquired a large part of what is now north Lancashire. These grants gave Roger effective control of all the lands north of the River Ribble to the River Lune, which formed a natural border between the secure Norman lands in England and the strongly contested Scottish frontier lands in Cumberland. Due to long established lines of communication across Morecambe Bay, Roger also assumed authority over the regions of Furness and Cartmel; these remained a part of Lancashire until as recently as 1974. The expansion of Roger's lands followed his support of King William II Rufus's invasion of Cumbria in AD1092, where Dolfin of Dunbar probably ruled as a vassal of Scottish King Malcolm Canmore. Dolfin was driven out and the Anglo-Scottish border was established north of Carlisle. Roger also acquired the great honour of Eye centered in Suffolk. 1088 and after In 1088 he led a military force against William de St-Calais, bishop of Durham, at the request of William Rufus when the bishop was implicated in a revolt against the king; Roger also negotiated with the bishop on the king's behalf before the bishop went to trial. Roger's father Roger de Montgomery died in 1094. In 1094 Rufus sent Roger to hold the castle at Argentan in Normandy, but Roger surrendered it to Philip I of France on the first day of the siege; Roger and his men were held for ransom and purchased their freedom. Though Philip I was an ally of Curthose, it is thought that this action was less a betrayal of Rufus and more a result of Roger's dual vassalage between the King of England and the King of France. Roger did not lose his English lands as a result of this action but held no position in Rufus' government from this point. Roger continued to be loyal to Rufus but in 1102 joined his brothers' failed rebellion against Henry I of England in favor of Robert Curthose. As a result Roger de Poitou lost his English holdings. Roger then went to his wife's holdings in Poitou. Almodis's uncle Odo was ousted as count of La Marche in 1104, and subsequently the sons of Roger and Almodis are styled as count. In 1109 Roger was permitted to briefly return to England to the court of Henry I though did not recover his earlier English holdings. After ca. 1109, Roger appears to have either lost interest in governing in La Marche or lost the political power itself as he is only seen once in the documents of La Marche as his wife and sons held the authority in the region. Offspring The children of Roger and Almodis include: Aldebert IV of La Marche Boso IV of La Marche Odo II of La Marche Pontia of La Marche, who married Wulgrin II of AngoulÃªme Avice de Lancaster	Montgomery, Roger "The Poitevin" (I2231)
1283	Roger, Count of Auriate, a Frankish nobleman who immigrated to Italy in the early tenth century. Auriate comprised the region bounded by the Alps, the Po River, and the Stura, today the regions of the Saluzzese and Cuneese. Arduin (his son) succeeded his father sometime around 935	Roger Count of Auriate (I5425)
1284	Rohese de Clare, also known after her marriage as Rohese de Monemue (died 1149) was a daughter of Gilbert Fitz Richard de Clare. About 1130 she married Baderon fitzWilliam of Monmouth. Her father being already dead by that date, the wedding was celebrated at Striguil Castle (Chepstow), stronghold of her brother Gilbert fitzGilbert de Clare (soon to be created 1st Earl of Pembroke). Gilbert himself was absent, and it was Rohese's eldest brother, Walter fitzGilbert de Clare, who presided. Rohese is most notable for her generosity to Monmouth Priory soon after her marriage. As a married woman she acted through her husband, who records in the charter that the gifts were made "by myself and my wife, at her request ... made at the Feast of All Saints on the same day on which she was married to me at Striguil". The gift was put into effect "on the Feast of St. Martin next following" at a ceremony at Monmouth attended by Rohese's brothers Walter and Gilbert and by Gilbert's wife Isabel de Beaumont (formerly King Henry I's mistress). The gift consisted of a tithe (one-tenth) of the regular revenues of the town of Monmouth, to be paid in instalments three times each year. In 1144 Rohese and Baderon made further donations to Monmouth Priory. Rohese and Baderon had two sons, James and Gilbert; it was Gilbert who succeeded his father as lord of Monmouth. They also had a daughter, Rohese, who married Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath about 1155.	de Clare, Rohese (I5590)
1285	Rohese of Monmouth (Rohese de Monemue in Anglo-Norman; born about 1135/1140; died in or near 1180) was the daughter of Baderon fitzWilliam, lord of Monmouth, and of his wife Rohese de Clare. About the year 1155 Rohese married Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath. They had eight children Walter, born about 1172, who succeeded his father as Lord of Meath Hugh, born about 1176, who was created 1st Earl of Ulster Gilbert Robert, who died young William, who was captured in Ireland in 1210 by King John and died in captivity Elaine, who married Richard de Beaufo Alicia, who married Roger Pipard and afterwards Geoffrey de Mareys a daughter, who married William fitzAlan Rohese is notable for the gift that she made, jointly with her husband and her son Robert, to Monmouth Priory. The Priory had benefited for more than half a century from her family's generosity, and it was clearly at her persuasion that this donation took place. Three shillings were to be given to the priory each year on St Michael's Day from the revenues of the town of Lydney in Gloucestershire. Rohese's brother Gilbert, otherwise known as a patron of literature, was among the witnesses to this donation.	of Monmouth, Rohese (I5585)
1286	Rollo Ragnvaldsson, 1st Duc de Normandie was born circa 846 at Maer, Norway. He was the son of Ragnvald I 'the Wise' Eysteinsson, Earl of More and Ragnhild Hrolfsdottir. He was also reported to have been born in 870 at Norway. He married, firstly, Poppa of Normandy de Valois, daughter of Berenger of Bayeaux de Senlis, Count of Bayeaux, in 886. He married, secondly, Gisela, daughter of Charles III, Roi de France and Frederuna von Sachsen, in 912. He died circa 931 at Rouen, Caux, France. He was also known as Rolf. He was created 1st Duc de Normandie in 911. Rollo (c. 846 - c. 931), baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. His descendants were the Dukes of Normandy. The name "Rollo" is a Latin translation due to the clerics from the Old Norse name HrÃ³lfr, modern Scandinavian name Rolf (cf. the latinization of HrÃ³lfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum), but Norman people called him Rouf, and later Rou too (see Wace's Roman de Rou). He married Poppa. All that is known of Poppa is that she was a Christian, and the daughter to Berengar of Rennes, the previous lord of Brittania Nova, which eventually became western Normandy. Historical evidence Rollo was a powerful Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of JumiÃ¨ges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum, but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga. Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified Rollo instead with Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker), a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of MÃ¸re, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas. The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname "the Walker" came from being so big that no horse could carry him. The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached. De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum Raids along the Seine In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy. Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. In 911 Rollo's forces launched a failed attack on Paris before laying siege to Chartres. The Bishop of Chartres, Joseaume, appeals for help were answered by the Robert, Marquis of Neustria, Richard, Duke of Burgundy and Manasses, Count of Dijon. On 20 July 911, at the Battle of Chartres, they defeated Rollo despite the absence of many French barons and also the absence of the French King Charles the Simple. The Principality of Normandy In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. In return, King Charles granted Rollo land between the Epte and the sea as well as Brittany and the hand of the Kings daughter, Gisela. He was also the titular ruler of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing the king to fall to the ground. After 911, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, however he also continued to act like a Viking chief with attacks on Flanders. After Charles was deposed by Robert I, Rollo considered his oath to the King of France to be over. It started a period of expansion westwards. Negotiations with French barons ended with Rollo being given Le Mans and Bayeux and continued with the seizure of Bessin in 924. The following year saw the Normans attack Picardy. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. Eventually Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Normans. At the time of his death, Rollo's territory extended as far west as the Vire River. Family Rollo married twice: 1. Poppa, the daughter of Berengar II of Neustria and had issue: William Longsword Gerloc Crispina, who married Grimaldus I of Monaco Gerletta Kadlin, who married a Scottish King called Bjolan, and had at least a daughter called Midbjorg, she was taken captive by and married Helgi Ottarson. 2. Gisela of France (d.919), the daughter of Charles III of France. Death Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his prior religious roots surfaced at the end. Legacy Rollo is the great-great-great-grandfather of William the Conqueror. Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family, as well as an ancestor of all current European monarchs and a great many pretenders to abolished European thrones. A genetic investigation into the remains of Rollo's grandson Richard I and great-grandson Richard II has been announced, with the intention of discerning the origins of the famous Viking warrior. The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.	Rollo (I797)
1287	Rosamund Clifford (before 1150 - c. 1176), often called "The Fair Rosamund" or the "Rose of the World", was famed for her beauty and was a mistress of King Henry II of England, famous in English folklore. Rosamund was the daughter of the marcher lord Walter de Clifford and his wife Margaret Isobel de Tosny (referred to as "de Toeni" on the Page of her husband, Walter de Clifford). Walter was originally known as Walter Fitz Richard, but his name was gradually changed to that of his major holding, first as steward, then as lord. This was Clifford Castle on the River Wye. Rosamund had two sisters, Amice and Lucy. Amice married Osbern fitz Hugh of Richard's Castle and Lucy Hugh de Say of Stokesay. She also had three brothers, Walter II de Clifford, Richard and Gilbert. Rosamund probably first met the King when he passed by Clifford Castle in 1163 during one of his campaigns in Wales against Rhys ap Gruffydd. Her name, Rosamund, may have been influenced by the Latin phrase rosa mundi, which means "rose of the world." Possible children Historians are divided over whether or not Rosamund's relationship with the King produced children. The question is complicated by the difficulty of separating the facts of Rosamund's life from the profusion of legends surrounding it. Many historians have concluded that Rosamund most likely bore Henry a single child but cannot identify it or even provide a specific date of birth. Some modern writers, including Alison Weir, are of the opinion that Rosamund had no children; but whether this means she never gave birth or merely that none of her children survived remains unclear. Legend has attributed to Rosamund two of King Henry's favourite illegitimate sons: Geoffrey Plantagenet (1151-1212), Archbishop of York, and William Longespee (17 August before 1180-1226), Earl of Salisbury. Her maternity in these two cases was only claimed centuries later. Neither was Rosamund's son. Henry and Rosamund met about 1163, and their relationship lasted until 1176. Geoffrey and Rosamund would therefore have been about the same age. Further, Geoffrey is directly attested as son of an otherwise unknown Ykenai, presumably another mistress of Henry. William LongespÃ©e's maternity was a mystery for many years but the truth was discovered when charters issued by him were found to contain references to "Comitissa Ida, mater mea" (my mother, Countess Ida) (Bradenstoke Cartulary, 1979). She was Ida de Toeny, Countess of Norfolk. Other stories Little is known about Rosamund, but she is discussed in books about Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry's queen. The legends concerning her life are many, but few hard facts are available. The story that she was poisoned by a jealous Eleanor is certainly untrue, and so is the tale that Henry constructed the hunting lodge at Woodstock for her and surrounded it with a garden that was a labyrinth ("Rosamund's Bower," which was pulled down when Blenheim Palace was built nearby). In the 'French Chronicle of London', she is, oddly enough, described as having been roasted by the wife of Henry III, Eleanor of Provence. During the Elizabethan era, stories claiming that she had been murdered by Eleanor of Aquitaine gained popularity; but the Ballad of Fair Rosamund by Thomas Deloney and the Complaint of Rosamund by Samuel Daniel (1592) are both purely fictional. She is thought to have entered Henry's life around the time that Eleanor was pregnant with her final child, John who was born on 24 December 1166 at Oxford. Indeed, Eleanor is known to have given birth to John at Beaumont Palace rather than at Woodstock: because, it is speculated, having planned to give birth at Woodstock, she refused to do so upon finding Rosamund there. Authorities differ over whether Rosamund stayed quietly in seclusion at Woodstock while Henry went back and forth between England and his continental possessions, or whether she travelled with him as a member of his household. If the former, the two of them could not have spent more than about a quarter of the time between 1166 and 1176 together (as historian Marion Meade puts it: "For all her subsequent fame, Rosamund must be one of the most neglected concubines in history"). Historians do seem to agree, however, that Rosamund was Eleanor's opposite in personality and that Henry and Rosamund appear to have shared a deep love. Rosamund was also associated with the village of Frampton on Severn in Gloucestershire, another of her father Walter's holdings. Walter granted the mill at Frampton to Godstow Abbey for the good of the souls of Rosamund and his wife Margaret. The village green at Frampton became known as Rosamund's Green by the 17th century. Death and thereafter Henry's liaison with Rosamund became public knowledge in 1174; it ended when she retired to the nunnery at Godstow near Oxford in 1176, shortly before her death. Her death was remembered at Hereford Cathedral on 6 July, the same day as that of the king. Henry and the Clifford family paid for her tomb at Godstow in the choir of the convent's church and for an endowment that would ensure care of the tomb by the nuns. It became a popular local shrine until 1191, two years after Henry's death. Hugh of Lincoln, Bishop of Lincoln, while visiting Godstow, noticed Rosamund's tomb right in front of the high altar. The tomb was laden with flowers and candles, demonstrating that the local people were still praying there. Unsurprisingly calling Rosamund a harlot, the bishop ordered her remains removed from the church: instead, she was to be buried outside the church 'with the rest, that the Christian religion may not grow into contempt, and that other women, warned by her example, may abstain from illicit and adulterous intercourse'. Her tomb was moved to the cemetery by the nuns' chapter house, where it could be visited until it was destroyed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII of England. The remains of Godstow Priory still stand and are open to the public. Paul Hentzner, a German traveler who visited England c.1599 records that her faded tombstone inscription read in part: ... Adorent, Utque tibi detur requies Rosamunda precamur. "Let them adore ... and we pray that rest be given to you, Rosamund." Followed by a rhyming epitaph: Hic jacet in tumba Rosamundi non Rosamunda, Non redolet sed olet, quae redolere solet. "Here in the tomb lies the rose of the world, not a pure rose; she who used to smell sweet, still smells--but not sweet."	Clifford, Rosamund (I5793)
1288	Rotbold II (also Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Robald(us), Roubaud, or Rotbaud) (died 1008) was the Count of Provence from 968 to his death and margrave from 993. He was the elder of two sons of Boso II of Arles and Constance, the younger being William I, who took up the title of marchio in 979 and that of dux later. He ruled with William, probably jointly over the whole county. On William's death, Rotbold was left as head of the family with the title of marchio. He first signed a charter of his father's in March 965. He signed his brother's donation to Saint-Victor de Marseille in April 970 and to Cluny on 28 August 990. In 1005, he joined with his sister-in-law Adelaide of Anjou and his nephew William II to grant privilegse to Saint-Victor. He married Emilde, possibly a daughter of Stephen, Viscount of GÃ©vaudan. He left one son, Rotbold III, who inherited his titles, and a daughter, Gerberge.	Rotbold II Count of Provence (I5652)
1289	Rotbold III (also Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Roubaud, or Rotbaud) (died 1014 or 1015) was the Count and Margrave of Provence from 1008 to his death. He was the only son of Rotbold II and Emilde, daughter of Stephen, Viscount of GÃ©vaudan. He inherited all his father's titles on his death in 1008. He is an obscure person, difficult to differentiate from his father. He was the first husband of Ermengard, later wife of Rudolf III of Burgundy. He left two sons, referred to as stepsons of the king of Burgundy, named Hugh and William III. He left one daughter, Emma, who married William III Taillefer, Count of Toulouse, and thus brought the margravial title in Provence to the House of Toulouse.	Rotbold III Count of Provence (I5651)
1290	Rotrude of Treves (variously spelled Chrotrude, Chrotrud, Rotrude, Chotrude, Chrotude, Chrotrudis), also known as Rotrou of Treves, was possibly born in Austrasia in an uncertain year; and died 724. There was a tentative suggestion that she might be the daughter of St. Leutwinus, Bishop of Treves, Bishop of Trier.	of Treves, Rotrud (I766)
1291	Royal Almanac of Jersey 1888 - Miss Bosdet, 1 Vauxhall Street Teacher of Languages, German Artist D/Y Judicial Greffe D/Y/A/55/8 Testament of Louisa Ellen Bosdet of St Helier. Dated 28/11/1895. Bequeaths to the Home for Aged and Infirm Women Â£5, to the Church Missionary Society Â£5, to Mr MÃ¼ller's Orphanage,Bristol Â£5. 06/02/1896 - 06/02/1896	Bosdet, Louisa Ellen (I6088)
1292	Rudolph I (859 - October 25, 912) was King of (Upper or Transjurane) Burgundy from his election in 888 until his death. Rudolph belonged to the elder Welf family and was the son of Conrad, Count of Auxerre and Waldrada of Worms. From his father he inherited the lay abbacy of St Maurice en Valais, making him the most powerful magnate in Upper Burgundy - present-day western Switzerland and the Franche-ComtÃ©. After the deposition and death of Charles the Fat, the nobles and leading clergy of Upper Burgundy met at St Maurice and elected Rudolph as king. Apparently on the basis of this election, Rudolph claimed the whole of Lotharingia, taking much of modern Lorraine and Alsace - but his claim was contested by Arnulf of Carinthia, the new king of East Francia or Germany, who rapidly forced Rudolph to abandon Lotharingia in return for recognition as king of Burgundy. However, hostilities between Rudolph and Arnulf seem to have continued intermittently until 894. Rudolph's relationships with his other neighbours were friendlier. His sister Adelaide married Richard the Justiciar, duke of Burgundy (the present day Burgundy, part of west Francia), and his daughters, another Adelaide, married Louis the Blind of Provence (Lower Burgundy), and Willa, married Boso of Tuscany. Rudolph was succeeded as king of Burgundy by his son, Rudolph II. Rudolf I's widow, queen Guilla, married in 912 Hugh of Arles. This Rudolph is frequently confused with his nephew Rudolph of France, who was the second duke of Burgundy and ninth king of France.	Rudolph I of Burgundy (I5396)
1293	Rudolph II (died July 11, 937) was king of Upper Burgundy (912-937), Lower Burgundy (Provence) (933-937), and Italy (effective, 922-926-claim abandoned 933). He was the son of Rudolph I, king of Upper Burgundy, and it is presumed that his mother was his father's known wife, Guilla of Provence. He married Bertha of Swabia. Following his ascent to the throne in 912, Rudolph was asked by several Italian nobles to intervene in Italy on their behalf against Emperor Berengar in 922. Having entered Italy, he was crowned King of the Lombards at Pavia. In 923, he defeated Berengar at Piacenza; Berengar was murdered the following year, possibly at the instigation of Rudolph. The king then ruled Upper Burgundy and Italy together, residing alternately in both kingdoms. However, in 926 the Italian nobility turned against him and requested that Hugh of Arles, the effective ruler of Provence (or Lower Burgundy), rule them instead. Rudolph returned to Upper Burgundy to protect himself, assuring Hugh's coronation as King of Italy in the process. The Italians then switched sides again, declaring that they wished for Rudolph to reclaim the throne. To prevent this, Hugh and Rudolph signed a treaty in 933, granting Rudolph rule of Lower Burgundy in exchange for his renunciation of all claims on the Italian throne. He married his daughter Adelaide to Hugh's son Lothair. The two Burgundian kingdoms unified, Rudolph ruled until his death in 937. He was succeeded by Conrad.	Rudolph II of Burgundy (I5395)
1294	Said to have accompanied Hugh d'Avranches, later Earl of Chester, from Normandy to England. See The Complete Peerage vol.X,p436. William de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (d.b.1096-1099) known as Aux Gernons (with Whiskers), was a Norman baron who arrived in England immediately after the Norman Conquest of England, and was the founder of the powerful English House of Percy. The Cartularium abbathiae de Whitteby states Hugh d'Avranches and William de Percy arrived in England in 1067. It is also quite possible that Percy had been one of the Normans to whom Edward the Confessor had given lands, but were later expelled by Harold Godwinson. This may explain Percy's unusual epithet, Aux Gernons, as at the time Normans were generally cleanshaven and the English were not, and it may be that Percy had assimilated local custom. Later generations of Percies would use the soubriquet, as the Christian name Algernon. Consolidation Following the rebellion of Gospatric Earl of Northumbria, and the subsequent Harrying of the North, large swathes of territory in northern England and the Earldom of Chester were granted to Hugh d'Avranches, who had been instrumental in the devastation. Percy in turn was granted territory by d'Avranches, in addition to those already held by him of the crown. Percy also married a Saxon noblewoman called Emma de Porte, her epithet presumably came from her landholdings at Seamer, a once thriving harbour in North Yorkshire. It may be the case that the lands granted to Percy by the crown were de jure uxoris. At the time of the Domesday Book, Percy was in possession in capite of a hundred and eighteen manors in Lincolnshire and the North Riding, with further lands in Essex and Hampshire. Building works Percy set about fortifying his landholdings, constructing Motte and Bailey castles at Spofforth and at Topcliffe. He also granted land to the Benedictine order and ordered construction of a new abbey at Whitby, amongst the ruins of the Anglo-Saxon one of Streoneshalh. Death on the First Crusade Percy accompanied Robert of Normandy on the First Crusade, where he died "within sight of Jerusalem". His body was buried at Antioch, but his heart was returned to England and is buried at Whitby. Issue By Emma de Porte, Percy produced four sons: Alan de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy Walter de Percy Willam de Percy, 2nd Abbot of Whitby Richard de Percy	de Percy, William 1st Baron Percy (I5725)
1295	Saint Arnulf of Metz (c. 582, Lay-Saint-Christophe, Meurthe-et-Moselle - 640) was a Frankish bishop of Metz and advisor to the Merovingian court of Austrasia, who retired to the Abbey of Remiremont. Arnulf was born to an important Frankish family at an uncertain date around 582. His father was Baudgise or Baudegisel II of Aquitaine (d. 588), Palace Mayor and Duke of Sueve. His mother was Oda. In his younger years he was called to the Merovingian court of king Theudebert II (595-612) of Austrasia and sent to serve as dux at the Schelde. Later he became bishop of Metz. During his career he was attracted to religious life, and he retired to become a monk. After his death he was canonized as a saint. In French he is also known as Arnoul or Arnoulf. In English he is also known as Arnold. Arnulf gave distinguished service at the Austrasian court under Theudebert II After the death of Theudebert in 612 he was made bishop of Metz. The rule of Austrasia came into the hands of Brunhilda, the grandmother of Theudebert, who ruled also in Burgundy in the name of her great-grandchildren. In 613 Arnulf joined his politics with Pippin of Landen and led the opposition of Frankish nobles against Queen Brunhilda. The revolt led to her overthrow, torture, and eventual execution, and the subsequent reunification of Frankish lands under Chlothachar II. Chlothachar later made his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia and he ruled with the help of his advisor Arnulf. Not satisfied with his position, as a bishop he was involved in the murder of Chrodoald in 624, an important leader of the Frankish Agilolfings family and a protÃ©gÃ© of Dagobert. From 623 (with Pippin of Landen, then the Mayor of the Palace), Arnulf was an adviser to Dagobert I. He retired around 628 to a hermitage at a mountain site in the Vosges, to realize his lifelong resolution to become a monk and a hermit. His friend Romaric, whose parents were killed by Brunhilda, had preceded him to the mountains and together with Amatus had already established Remiremont Abbey there. Arnulf settled there, and remained there until his death twelve years later. Arnulf was married ca 596 to a woman whom later sources give the name of Dode or Doda, (born ca 584), and had children. Chlodulf of Metz was his oldest son, but more important is his second son Ansegisel, who married Begga daughter of Pepin I, Pippin of Landen. Arnulf is thus the male-line grandfather of Charles Martel and great-great grandfather of Charlemagne. Arnulf was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. In iconography he is portrayed with a rake in his hand. Genealogy Shortly after 800, most likely in Metz, a brief genealogy of the Carolingians was compiled, modelled in style after the genealogy of Jesus in the New Testament. According to this source, Arnulf's father was a certain Arnoald, who in turn was the son of a nobilissimus Ansbertus and Blithilt (or Blithilde), an alleged and otherwise unattested daughter of Chlothar I. This late attribution of royal Merovingian descent at a time when the Carolingian dynasty was at the peak of its power contrasts clearly with the contemporary Vita Sancti Arnulfi's failure to mention any such a connection: The Vita, written shortly after the saint's death, merely states that he was of Frankish ancestry, from "sufficiently elevated and noble parentage, and very rich in worldly goods", without making any claims to royal blood. While modern historians generally dismiss the later Carolingian genealogy as spurious, Christian Settipani claims it is evidence of a line of unbroken descent from antiquity via Flavius Afranius Syagrius for Charlemagne. Legends There are three legends associated with Arnulf: The Legend of the Ring Arnulf was tormented by the violence that surrounded him and feared that he had played a role in the wars and murders that plagued the ruling families. Obsessed by these sins, Arnulf went to a bridge over the Moselle river. There he took off his bishopâ€™s ring and threw it into the river, praying to God to give him a sign of absolution by returning the ring to him. Many penitent years later, a fisherman brought to the bishopâ€™s kitchen a fish in the stomach of which was found the bishopâ€™s ring. Arnulf repaid the sign of God by immediately retiring as bishop and becoming a hermit for the remainder of his life. The Legend of the Fire At the moment Arnulf resigned as bishop, a fire broke out in the cellars of the royal palace and threatened to spread throughout the city of Metz. Arnulf, full of courage and feeling unity with the townspeople, stood before the fire and said, â€œIf God wants me to be consumed, I am in His hands.â€ He then made the sign of the cross at which point the fire immediately receded. The Legend of the Beer Mug It was July 642 and very hot when the parishioners of Metz went to Remiremont to recover the remains of their former bishop. They had little to drink and the terrain was inhospitable. At the point when the exhausted procession was about to leave Champigneulles, one of the parishioners, Duc Notto, prayed â€œBy his powerful intercession the Blessed Arnold will bring us what we lack.â€ Immediately the small remnant of beer at the bottom of a pot multiplied in such amounts that the pilgrims thirst was quenched and they had enough to enjoy the next evening when they arrived in Metz.	of Metz, St. Arnulf (I3479)
1296	Saint Ã†lfgifu of Shaftesbury (d. 944) was the first wife of Edmund I (r. 939-946), by whom she bore two future kings, Eadwig (r. 955-959) and Edgar (r. 959-975). Like her mother WynflÃ¦d, she had a close and special if unknown connection with the royal nunnery of Shaftesbury (Dorset), founded by King Alfred, where she was buried and soon revered as a saint. According to a pre-Conquest tradition from Winchester, her feast day is 18 May. Family background Her mother appears to have been an associate of Shaftesbury Abbey called WynflÃ¦d (also WynnflÃ¦d). The vital clue comes from a charter of King Edgar, in which he confirmed the grant of an estate at Uppidelen (Piddletrenthide, Dorset) made by his grandmother (ava) WynflÃ¦d to Shaftesbury. She may well be the nun or vowess (religiosa femina) of this name in a charter dated 942 and preserved in the abbey's chartulary. It records that she received and retrieved from King Edmund a handful of estates in Dorset, namely Cheselbourne and Winterbourne Tomson, which somehow ended up in the possession of the community. Married life The sources do not record the date of Ã†lfgifu's marriage to Edmund. The eldest son Eadwig, who had barely reached majority on his accession in 955, may have been born around 940, which gives us only a very rough terminus ante quem for the betrothal. Although as the mother of two future kings, Ã†lfgifu proved to be an important royal bed companion, there is no strictly contemporary evidence that she was ever consecrated as queen. Likewise, her formal position at court appears to have been relatively small-fry, overshadowed as it was by the queen mother Eadgifu of Kent. In the single extant document witnessed by her, a Kentish charter datable between 942 and 944, she subscribes as the king's concubine (concubina regis), with a place assigned to her between the bishops and ealdormen. By comparison, Eadgifu subscribes higher up in the witness list as mater regis, after her sons Edmund and Eadred but before the archbishops and bishops. It is only towards the end of the 10th century that Ã†thelweard the Chronicler styles her queen (regina), but this may be a retrospective honour at a time when her cult was well established at Shaftesbury. Much of Ã†lfgifu's claim to fame derives from her association with Shaftesbury. Her patronage of the community is suggested by a charter of King Ã†thelred, dated 984, according to which the abbey exchanged with King Edmund the large estate at Tisbury (Wiltshire) for Butticanlea (unidentified). Ã†lfgifu received it from her husband and intended to bequeath it back to the nunnery, but such had not yet come to pass (her son Eadwig demanded that Butticanlea was returned to the royal family first). Ã†lfgifu predeceased her husband in 944. In the early 12th century, William of Malmesbury wrote that she suffered from an illness during the last few years of her life, but there may have been some confusion with details of Ã†thelgifu's life as recorded in a forged foundation charter of the late 11th or 12th century (see below).Her body was buried and enshrined at the nunnery. Sainthood Ã†lfgifu was venerated as a saint soon after her burial at Shaftesbury. Ã†thelweard reports that many miracles had taken place at her tomb up to his day, and these were apparently attracting some local attention. Lantfred of Winchester, who wrote in the 970's and so can be called the earliest known witness of her cult, tells of a young man from Collingbourne (possibly Collingbourne Kingston, Wiltshire), who in the hope of being cured of blindness travelled to Shaftesbury and kept vigil. What led him there was the reputation of â€œthe venerable St Ã†lfgifu [â€¦] at whose tomb many bodies of sick person receive medication through the omnipotence of Godâ€. Despite the new prominence of Edward the Martyr as a saint interred at Shaftesbury, her cult continued to flourish in later Anglo-Saxon England, as evidenced by her inclusion in a list of saints' resting places, at least 8 pre-Conquest calendars and 3 or 4 litanies from Winchester. Ã†lfgifu is styled a saint (Sancte Ã†lfgife) in the D-text of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (mid-11th century) at the point where it specifies Eadwig's and Edgar's royal parentage. Her cult may have been fostered and used to enhance the status of the royal lineage, more narrowly that of her descendants. Lantfred attributes her healing power both to her own merits and those of her son Edgar. It may have been due to her association that in 979 the supposed body of her murdered grandson Edward the Martyr was exhumed and in a spectacular ceremony, received at the nunnery of Shaftesbury, under the supervision of ealdorman Ã†lfhere. Ã†lfgifu's fame at Shaftesbury seems to have eclipsed that of its first abbess, King Alfred's daughter Ã†thelgifu, so much so perhaps that William of Malmesbury wrote contradictory reports on the abbey's early history. In the Gesta regum, he correctly identifies the first abbess as Alfred's daughter, following Asser, although he gives her the name of Ã†lfgifu (Elfgiva), while in his Gesta pontificum, he credits Edmund's wife Ã†lfgifu with the foundation. Either William encountered conflicting information, or he meant to say that Ã†lfgifu refounded the nunnery. In any event, William would have had access to local traditions at Shaftesbury, since he probably wrote a now lost metrical Life for the community, a fragment of which he included in his Gesta pontificum: Latin text Nam nonnullis passa annis morborum molestiam, defecatam et excoctam Deo dedit animam. Functas ergo uitae fato beatas exuuias infinitis clemens signis illustrabat Deitas. Inops uisus et auditus si adorant tumulum, sanitati restituti probant sanctae meritum. Rectum gressum refert domum qui accessit loripes, mente captus redit sanus, boni sensus locuples Translation For some years she suffered from illness, And gave to God a soul that it had purged and purified When she died, God brought lustre to her blessed remains In his clemency with countless miracles. If a blind man or a deaf worship at her tomb, They are restored to health and prove the saint's merits. He who went there lame comes home firm of step, The madman returns sane, rich in good sense. [Wikipedia]	of Shaftesbury, Saint Ã†lfgifu (I1755)
1297	Saint Begga (also Begue, Begge) (615 - 17 December 693) was the daughter of Pepin of Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, and his wife Itta. On the death of her husband, she took the veil, founded seven churches, and built a convent at Andenne on the Meuse River (Andenne sur Meuse) where she spent the rest of her days as abbess. She was buried in Saint Begga's Collegiate Church in Andenne. Some hold that the Beguine movement which came to light in the 12th century was actually founded by St. Begga; and the church in the beguinage of Lier, Belgium, has a statue of St. Begga standing above the inscription: St. Begga, our foundress. The Lier beguinage dates from the 13th century. More than likely, however, the Beguines derived their name from that of the priest Lambert le Begue, under whose protection the witness and ministry of the Beguines flourished. Marriage and issue She married Ansegisel, son of Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, and had three children: Pepin of Heristal Martin of Laon Clotilda of Heristal, who was married to Theuderic III of the Franks Veneration She is commemorated as a saint on her feast days, 6 September and 17 December.	Saint Begga (I1573)
1298	Saint Edith (?) was the daughter of Eadweard I, King of Wessex and Ecgwyn (?). She married Sihtric Caech, King of Northumbria on 30 January 926 at Tamworth, Gloucestershire, England.1 She died circa 927.1 She was the Abbess in 927 at Tamworth Abbey, Gloucestershire, England. She was a nun in 927 at Polesworth Abbey, Warwickshire, England.	Saint Edith (I2540)
1299	Saint Gondulphus of Maastricht (also Gondolfus, Gundulfus, Gondulf, Gondon) (c. 524 - c. 6 July 607) was the Bishop of Tongeren and Bishop of Maastricht in the sixth century. His predecessor, Monulphus (Monulf), transferred the seat of the bishopric from Tongeren to Maastricht, which thenceforth was the actual residence of the bishops of Tongeren. However, the official title of the Bishop of Tongeren, episcopus Tungrorum, was retained until the eleventh century, even when the episcopal see had been transferred by Lambert of Maastricht from Maastricht to LiÃ¨ge. Bishop Gondulphus is a somewhat enigmatic figure indeed, one is inclined to question whether he be not identical with Monulphus. But the two saints must nevertheless be distinguished. Monulphus must have occupied the See of Tongeren until the end of the sixth or the beginning of the seventh century, while a Bishop of Maastricht named Betulphus was present at the Council of Paris in 614. Gondulphus, then, would be inserted between Monulphus and Betulphus, at least if this Betulphus must not be identified with Gondulphus on the grounds that the case is analogous to that of the episcopal list of Mainz, where Bertulfus and Crotoldus must be reckoned identical. Furthermore, the episcopal lists of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, whose value is, however, not very great, ignore the historically attested Betulphus, and make Gondulphus the immediate successor of Monulphus. The biographies of Gondulphus, which are handed down to us from the Middle Ages, are merely an extract from the Vita Servatii of the priest Jocundus. They are quite without value and are full of legends. If they are to be believed, Gondulphus endeavoured to rebuild the town of Tongeren, which had been destroyed by the barbarian invasions. But heaven opposed his scheme, and miraculously manifested its desire to the saint. Furious wolves fell upon the pagan colonists of this region, and devoured them before the eyes of the horrified bishop. Thus has legend quite obscured the authentic history of St. Gondulphus, the fact of his episcopacy at Maastricht being the only one that is authentic. According to local tradition he occupied the episcopal see for seven years and died about 607. This last statement does not tally with his presence at Paris in 614, if he is to be considered identical with the Betulphus who assisted at that council. In any case he was buried in the nave of the church of Saint-Servais at Maastricht, which had been magnificently restored by his predecessor, St. Monulphus. The bodies of Monulphus and Gondulphus were solemnly exhumed in 1039 by the Bishops Nithard of LiÃ¨ge and Gerard of Florennes, Bishop of Cambrai. An epitaph commemorating this event was afterwards misinterpreted, and gave rise to a legend according to which the two saints arose from their tomb in 1039 in order to assist at the dedication of the church of Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), and at the conclusion of the ceremony returned to their tomb to resume their eternal sleep. Together with St. Monulphus, St. Gondulphus is secondary patron of the city and church of Maastricht. His feast is kept on 16 July or 17 June. The commemoration of the exhumation of 1039 is celebrated in August. St. Gondulphus is known to have been married to Palatina de Troyes, they had a son named Baudgise D'Aquitaine II, who became Duke of Aquitaine, France.	of Maastricht, Saint Gondulphus (I751)
1300	Saint Itta (or Itta of Metz) (also Ida, Itte or Iduberga) (592-652) was the wife of Pepin of Landen, mayor of the palace of Austrasia. Her brother was Saint Modoald, bishop of Trier. Her sister was abbess Saint Severa. There is no direct record of their parents, but it has been suggested that she was daughter of Arnoald, Bishop of Metz, son of Ansbertus. On the advice of the missionary bishop Saint Amand, bishop of Maastricht, after Pepin's death, she founded the Benedictine nunnery at Nivelles, with a monastery under the abbess. She herself entered it and installed as abbess her daughter Gertrude, perhaps after resigning the post herself. She had by Pepin another daughter, Abbess Begga of Andenne who married Ansegisel, son of Arnulf of Metz. By Begga, she is the grandmother of Pepin of Herstal and one of the matriarchs of the great Carolingian family. Her sons were Grimoald, later mayor of the palace, and father of King Childebert the Adopted. Her second son was Bavo (or Allowin), became a hermit and later canonized Both her daughters were later canonised, as was she. Her feast day is May 8.	Itta (I999)

Bosdet Family History

The Genealogy of Paul Bosdet and the Bosdet Family

Notes