Notes
Matches 1,401 to 1,450 of 1,662
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| 1401 | She married Tostig, Earl of Northumbria, son of Godwine, Earl of Wessex and Gytha, in October 1051. She married Guelph IV Herzog von Bayern, son of Azo II d'Este, Marchese d'Este and Cunigunde von Bayern, after 1066. She was also known as Fausta de. Her marriage to Guelph IV Herzog von Bayern was annulled repudiated by Guelph. | de Flandre, Judith (I4459)
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| 1402 | She married Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster, son of Richard de Burgh, Lord of Connaught and Hodiernna de Gernon, circa 1257. She died circa 20 May 1274. She was also known as Aveline. | fitz John, Isabel (I941)
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| 1403 | She married Warin de Munchensi. She was also known as Joan. | Marshal, Johanna (I536)
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| 1404 | She married Wilfred I, Conde de Barcelona, son of Sunifred of Urgell. | de Flandre, Gunhilda (I2111)
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| 1405 | She married William d'Aubigny, 3rd Earl of Arundel, son of William d'Aubigny, 2nd Earl of Arundel and Matilda de St. Hilary du Harcouet. Her married name became d'Aubigny. | of Chester, Mabel (I3789)
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| 1406 | She married William de Albini circa 1107. | de Bigod, Cecilia (I1810)
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| 1407 | She married William de Cauntelo, son of William de Cauntelo, between 25 July 1238 and 15 February 1248. She succeeded to the title of Lady Abergavenny [Feudal] before 1246. | de Briouze, Eve (I559)
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| 1408 | She married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby, son of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby and Alice of Chester. | Marshal, Sibyl (I2645)
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| 1409 | She married William de Forz, Count of Aumale, son of William de Forz, Count of Aumale and Aveline de Montfichet, before April 1236. She was also known as Christina de Galloway. From before April 1236, her married name became de Forz. | de Galloway, Christian (I3094)
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| 1410 | She married William de Hastings. | d'Eu, Ida (I1401)
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| 1411 | She married William de Say, son of unknown de Say. She and Hugh Talebot were divorced before 1098. She married, firstly, Hugh Talebot before 1098. From before 1098, her married name became Talebot. From 1098, her married name became Say. | de Mandeville, Beatrice (I2296)
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| 1412 | She married William des Barres before 13 January 1188. | Amice (I1002)
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| 1413 | She married Wulfhere, King of Mercia, son of Penda, King of Mercia and Cynewise. | Eormenhild (I1729)
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| 1414 | She married Wulfstan, Ealdorman of Wiltshire. | Saint Alburga (I1732)
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| 1415 | She married, firstly, Baldwin III, Comte de Flandre et Artois, son of Arnulf 'the Great', Comte de Flandre and Adela de Vermandois, in 961. She married, secondly, Godefroi, Comte de Verdun, son of Gozelo von Lothringen and Oda von Metz, circa 963. She was also known as Maud. | Billung von Sachsen, Mathildis (I4274)
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| 1416 | She married, firstly, Charles III, Roi de France, son of Louis II 'the Stammerer', Roi de France and Adelaide Judith, on 7 October 919. She married, secondly, Herbert III, circa 951 at Saint-Quentin, Aisne, France. She was also known as Ogiva. Eadgifu or Edgifu, also known as Edgiva or Ogive (Old English: Eadgifu; 902 - after 955) was a daughter of Edward the Elder, King of Wessex and England, and his second wife Ælfflæd. She was born in Wessex. Marriage to the French King She was the second wife of King Charles III of France, whom she married in 919 after the death of his first wife, Frederonne. Eadgifu was mother to Louis IV of France. Flight to England In 922 Charles III was deposed and the next year taken prisoner by Count Herbert II of Vermandois, an ally of the then current king. To protect her son's safety Eadgifu took him to England in 923 to the court of her half-brother, Athelstan of England.[2] Because of this, Louis IV of France became known as Louis d'Outremer of France. He stayed there until 936, when he was called back to France to be crowned King. Eadgifu accompanied him. She retired to a convent in Laon. Some sources say that in 951, she left the convent and married Herbert III, Count of Vermandois son of Adalbert, but this is likely an error as Herbert was not born until 953. More likely she married the Herbert son of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois born about 920. Notes [1] Lappenberg, Johann; Benjamin Thorpe, translator (1845). A History of England Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings. J. Murray. pp. 88-89. [2] Williams, Ann; Alfred P. Smyth, D. P. Kirby (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Wikipedia | Eadgifu (I2597)
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| 1417 | She married, firstly, Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne, son of Alain II de Treguier, Earl of Richmond and Berthe de Bretagne, between 1159 and 1160. She married, secondly, Humphrey de Bohun, son of Humphrey de Bohun and Margaret of Gloucester, before Easter 1171. Margaret of Huntingdon (1145-1201) was a Scottish noblewoman. Two of her brothers, Malcolm IV and William I were Scottish kings. She was the wife of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany and the mother of Constance, Duchess of Brittany. Her second husband was Humphrey de Bohun, hereditary Constable of England. Following her second marriage, Margaret styled hereself as the Countess of Hereford. Family Margaret was born in 1145, the second eldest daughter of Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumbria, and Ada de Warenne. She had an older sister Ada, and two younger sisters, Marjorie and Matilda. Two of her brothers, Malcolm and William were kings of Scotland, and she had another brother, David, Earl of Huntingdon, who married Maud of Chester. Her paternal grandparents were King David I of Scotland and Maud, Countess of Huntingdon, and her maternal grandparents were William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth of Vermandois. In 1152, when she was seven years of age, her father died. Marriages and issue In 1160, Margaret married her first husband, Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond. Upon her marriage, she was styled as the Duchess of Brittany and Countess of Richmond. Margaret's origins and first marriage deduced by Benedict of Peterborugh who recorded filia sororis regis Scotiae Willelmi comitissa Brittanniae gave birth in 1186 to filium Arturum. Together Conan and Margaret had one child: Constance, Duchess of Brittany (12 June 1161 - 5 September 1201), married firstly in 1181, Geoffrey Planatagenet, by whom she had three children, including Arthur of Brittany; she married secondly in 1188, Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester; she married thirdly in 1198, Guy of Thouars, by whom she had twin daughters, including Alix of Thouars. Margaret's husband died in February 1171, leaving her a widow at the age of twenty-six. Shortly before Easter 1171, she married her second husband, Humphrey de Bohun, Hereditary Constable of England (c. 1155-1182). He was the son of Humphrey de Bohun and Margaret of Hereford. Hereafter, she styled herself Countess of Hereford. The marriage produced a son and a daughter: Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (1176 - 1 June 1220), a Magna Carta surety; he married Maud FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville of Essex by whom he had three children, including Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford and from whom descended the Bohun Earls of Hereford. Maud was the daughter of Geoffrey Fitzpeter, 1st Earl of Essex by his first wife Beatrice de Say. Margaret de Bohun Margaret's second husband died in 1181 and she then married the English nobleman Sir William fitz Patrick de Hertburn, who acquired the lands of Washington in Durham in 1183. This marriage also produced one son: Sir William de Wessington (c. 1183-c. 1239), he married Alice de Lexington and through his descendants, is an ancestor of George Washington, the 1st President of the United States of America Margaret died in 1201 and was buried in Sawtrey Abbey, Huntingdonshire. Her third and final husband had died around 1194 | of Scotland, Margaret Countess of Hereford (I3100)
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| 1418 | She married, firstly, Erik VI, King of Sweden, son of Bjorn Ericsson, King of Sweden, before 995. She married, secondly, Sveyn I 'Forkbeard' Haraldsson, King of Denmark and England, son of Harald I 'Bluetooth' Gormsson, King of Denmark and Gyrid Olafsdottir, before 1000. She was also known as Sigrith. She was also known as Syritha. | Sigrid 'the Haughty' (I4544)
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| 1419 | She married, firstly, Geoffrey II Plantagenet, Earl of Richmond, son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' d'Anjou, King of England and Eleanor, Duchesse d'Aquitaine, in July 1181. She married, secondly, Ranulf de Blundeville, 4th Earl of Chester, son of Hugh of Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester and Bertrada de Montfort, on 3 February 1187/88. She and Ranulf de Blundeville, 4th Earl of Chester were divorced in 1199 after Constance deserted her husband. She married, thirdly, Guy de Thouars, son of Guillaume, Vicomte de Thouars, in 1199 at Angers, Anjou, France. She died on 5 September 1201 at Nantes, Bretagne, France, from childbirth (or possibly from leprosy). She gained the title of Duchesse de Bretagne in July 1181. | de Bretagne, Constance Duchesse de Bretagne (I1295)
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| 1420 | She married, firstly, Geoffrey, Comte de Gâtinais circa 1035. She married, secondly, Robert I de Bourgogne, Duc de Bourgogne, son of Robert II, Roi de France and Constance d'Arles, in 1055. She died on 21 March 1076, murdered. Ermengarde of Anjou (c. 1018 - 1076), daughter of Count Fulk III of Anjou and Hildegarde. She married first, c. 1035 Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais (in French Geoffroy), called Ferréol and sometimes known as Aubri, seigneur de Château-Landon. Together they had the following children: Hildegarde de Château-Landon, married c.1060 to Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou Fulk IV, Count of Anjou She married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. Together they had one daughter: Hildegard (c. 1056-1104), who married Duke William VIII of Aquitaine | of Anjou, Ermengarde Duchess of Burgundy (I18)
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| 1421 | She married, firstly, Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Gloucester, son of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford and Amice FitzRobert, on 9 October 1217 at Tewkesbury Abbey, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England. She married, secondly, Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, son of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Isabella d'Angoulême, on 30 March 1231 [13 Mar 1230/1 O.S.] at Fawley Church, Fawley, Buckinghamshire, England. She was also reported to have been married in 1214. She died on 17 January 1240 at age 39 at Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England, jaundice contracted while in childbirth. She was buried at Beaulieu Abbey, Beaulieu, Hampshire, England. She was buried at Franciscan Friars Minors, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England. From 9 October 1217, her married name became de Clare. | Marshal, Lady Isabella (I1596)
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| 1422 | She married, firstly, Henry d'Eu, 6th Comte d'Eu, son of Jean d'Eu, 5th Comte d'Eu and Alice d'Aubigny. She married, secondly, Henry d'Estouteville, son of Robert d'Estouteville and Leonia of Salisbury. She was also known as Maud de Warenne. She was also known as Matilda de Warenne. She was also known as Margaret de Warenne. | de Warenne, Mahant (I3352)
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| 1423 | She married, firstly, Hugh le Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, son of Roger le Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk and Ida de Tosny, circa 1207. She married, secondly, William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, son of Hamelin d'Anjou, 5th Earl of Surrey and Isabella de Warenne, before 13 October 1225. She was also known as Maud Marshal. Maud Marshal, Countess of Norfolk, Countess of Surrey (1192 - 27 March 1248) was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman and a wealthy co-heiress of her father William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and her mother Isabel de Clare suo jure 4th Countess of Pembroke. Maud was their eldest daughter. She had two husbands: Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, and William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey. Maud was also known as Matilda Marshal. Family Matilda's birthdate is unknown other than being post 1191. She was the eldest daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, herself one of the greatest heiresses in Wales and Ireland. Maud had five brothers and four younger sisters. She was a co-heiress to her parents' extensive rich estates. Her paternal grandparents were John FitzGilbert Marshal and Sybilla of Salisbury, and her maternal grandparents were Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, known as "Strongbow", and Aoife of Leinster. Marriages and issue Sometime before Lent in 1207, Maud married her first husband, Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk. It was through this marriage between Maud and Hugh that the post of Earl Marshal of England came finally to the Howard Dukes of Norfolk. In 1215, Hugh was one of the twenty-five sureties of the Magna Carta. He came into his inheritance in 1221, thus Maud became the Countess of Norfolk at that time. Together they had five children: Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (1209-1270), married Isabella of Scotland. He died childless. Hugh Bigod (1212-1266), Justiciar of England. Married Joan de Stuteville, by whom he had issue. Isabel Bigod (c. 1215-1250), married firstly Gilbert de Lacy of Ewyas Lacy, by whom she had issue; she married secondly John FitzGeoffrey, Lord of Shere, by whom she had issue. Ralph Bigod (born c. 1218, date of death unknown), married Bertha de Furnival, by whom he had one child. William Bigod Hugh Bigod died in 1225. Maud married her second husband, William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey before 13 October that same year. Together they had two children: Isabella de Warenne (c. 1228 - before 20 September 1282), married Hugh d'Aubigny, 5th Earl of Arundel. She died childless. John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (August 1231 - c. 29 September 1304), in 1247 married Alice le Brun de Lusignan, a half-sister of King Henry III of England, by whom he had three children. Maud's second husband died in 1240. Her youngest son John succeeded his father as the 6th Earl of Surrey, but as he was a minor, Peter of Savoy, uncle of Queen consort Eleanor of Provence, was guardian of his estates. Death Maud died on 27 March 1248 at the age of about fifty-six years and was buried at Tintern Abbey with her mother, possibly her maternal grandmother, and two of her brothers. | Marshal, Maud Countess of Norfolk Countess of Surrey (I1597)
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| 1424 | She married, firstly, John I 'Lackland', King of England, son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' d'Anjou, King of England and Eleanor, Duchesse d'Aquitaine, on 29 August 1189 at Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. She and John I 'Lackland', King of England were divorced in 1199, on the grounds of consanguinity. She married, secondly, Geoffrey de Mandeville, 4th Earl of Essex, son of Geoffrey fitz Piers, 3rd Earl of Essex and Beatrice de Say, on 20 January 1214. She married, thirdly, Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent, son of unknown de Burgh and Alice, in September 1217. She was also known as Joan de Clare. She was also known as Hawise de Clare. She was also known as Eleanor de Clare. She gained the title of Countess of Gloucester in 1189. From 20 January 1214, her married name became de Mandeville. From September 1217, her married name became de Burgh. | de Clare, Isabella Countess of Gloucester (I2600)
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| 1425 | She married, firstly, Otto Graf von Orlamunda before 1060. She married, secondly, Dedi II Markgraf von Ostmark, son of Dietrich II Markgraf von Ostmark and Mathilde von Meißen, circa 1069. | de Louvain, Adelheid (I1816)
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| 1426 | She married, firstly, Robert de Lacy. She married, secondly, Gilbert de l'Aigle, Lord of Pevensey, son of Richard de l'Aigle, before 1196. She died before 30 November 1234, without surviving legitimate issue. Her married name became de Lacy. From before 1196, her married name became d'Aigle. | de Warenne, Isabella (I382)
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| 1427 | She married, firstly, Roger de Newburgh, 2nd Earl of Warwick, son of Henry de Newburgh, 1st Earl of Warwick and Margaret de Perche. She married, secondly, William de Lancaster after 1153. | de Warenne, Gundred (I3254)
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| 1428 | She married, firstly, Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton circa 1090. She married, secondly, David I 'the Saint', King of Scotland, son of Malcolm III 'Caennmor', King of Scotland and Saint Margaret 'the Exile', circa 1113. She was also known as Matilda. Maud of Northumbria (1074-1130), Countess of the Honour of Huntingdon and Northampton, was the daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria and Judith of Lens, the last of the major Anglo-Saxon earls to remain powerful after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. Biography Maud was married to Simon of Senlis [St Lyz] in about 1090. Before the end of the year 1090, he received the earldom of Huntingdon (Northampton included) from William Rufus, probably in right of his wife. She had three known children with him: Matilda of St Liz (Maud), married Robert FitzRichard of Tonbridge. Simon II de St Liz, 4th Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton. Saint Walteof de St Liz (1100 - bt 1159-1160). Her first husband died in 1109 and Maud next married King David I of Scotland in 1113. From this marriage she had: Malcolm of Scotland (born c. 1113, date of death unknown) Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon Claricia of Scotland (c. 1115 - c. 1130) Hodierna of Scotland (c. 1117 - c. 1140) The Scottish House of Dunkeld produced the remaining Earls of Huntingdon of the first creation of the title. She was succeeded to the Earldom of Huntingdon by her son Henry. | of Northumberland, Maud (I390)
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| 1429 | She married, firstly, William III 'Clito', Comte de Flandre, son of Robert III 'Curthose', 8th Duc de Normandie and Sybilla de Conversano, in 1123. She married, secondly, Thierry d'Alsace, Comte de Flandre, son of Thierry II, Comte de Lorraine and Gertrude de Flandre, in 1134. Her marriage to William III 'Clito', Comte de Flandre was annulled in 1124. She was a nun at Abbey of St. Lazarus, Bethlehem, Israel. Sibylla of Anjou (c. 1112-1165) was a countess consort of Flanders. She was the daughter of Fulk V of Anjou and Ermengarde of Maine, and wife of William Clito and Thierry, Count of Flanders. In 1123 Sibylla married William Clito, son of the Norman Robert Curthose and future Count of Flanders. Sibylla brought the County of Maine to this marriage, which was annulled in 1124 on grounds of consanguinity. The annulment was made by Pope Honorius II upon request from Henry I of England, William's uncle; Fulk opposed it and did not consent until Honorius excommunicated him and placed an interdict over Anjou. Sibylla then accompanied her widower father to the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, where he married Melisende, the heiress of the kingdom, and became king himself in 1131. In 1139 she married Thierry, Count of Flanders, who had arrived on his first pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She returned to Flanders with her new husband, and during his absence on the Second Crusade the pregnant Sibylla acted as regent of the county. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut took the opportunity to attack Flanders, but Sibylla led a counter-attack and pillaged Hainaut. In response Baldwin ravaged Artois. The archbishop of Reims intervened and a truce was signed, but Thierry took vengeance on Baldwin when he returned in 1149. In 1157 she travelled with Thierry on his third pilgrimage, but after arriving in Jerusalem she separated from her husband and refused to return home with him. She became a nun at the Convent of Sts. Mary and Martha in Bethany, where her step-aunt, Ioveta of Bethany, was abbess. Ioveta and Sibylla supported Queen Melisende and held some influence over the church, and supported the election of Amalric of Nesle as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem over a number of other candidates. Sibylla died in Bethany in 1165. Descendants Sibylla had six children with Thierry: Philip, Count of Flanders Matthew, Count of Boulogne, married Marie of Boulogne Margaret, Countess of Flanders and Hainaut, married Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut Gertrude, married Humbert III, Count of Savoy Matilda Peter | of Anjou, Sibylla (I2139)
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| 1430 | She married, firstly, William III de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey, son of William II de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Elizabeth de Vermandois. She married, secondly, Patrick de Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury, son of Walter de Salisbury and Sybil de Chaworth. | Talvas, Ela (I384)
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| 1431 | She married, firstly, William of Boulogne de Blois, 4th Earl of Surrey, son of Stephen de Blois, King of England and Matilda, Comtesse de Boulogne, circa 1149. She married, secondly, Hamelin d'Anjou, 5th Earl of Surrey, son of Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Comte d'Anjou et Maine and Adelaide of Angers, in April 1164. From circa 1149, her married name became de Blois. From April 1164, her married name became d'Anjou. | de Warenne, Isabella (I381)
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| 1432 | She married, secondly, Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Lord Geneville, son of Simon de Joinville and Beatrice de Bourgogne, in 1252. She died on 11 April 1304 at Trim Castle, County Meath, Ireland. | de Lacy, Maud (I824)
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| 1433 | She married, secondly, Sir John Parr. She married, firstly, Sir Walter Devereux, son of Sir Walter Devereux. She married, thirdly, John Merbury. She was also known as Agnes de Crophull. | Crophill, Agnes (I2072)
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| 1434 | She was a daughter of a King of Connacht. | Choblaig, Dub (I4280)
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| 1435 | She was a lay sister at Romsey Abbey, Romsey, Hampshire, England. | Æthelhilda (I1502)
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| 1436 | She was a nun at Faremoûtier-en-Brie, France. | Earcongota (I4524)
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| 1437 | She was a nun at Romsey Abbey, Romsey, Hampshire, England. | Ethelfleda (I1496)
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| 1438 | She was a nun at Winchester, Hampshire, England. | Elfleda (I1497)
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| 1439 | She was a nun before 888 at Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset, England. She was Abbess of Shaftesbury circa 888 at Shaftesbury Abbey. | Æthelgifu (I1855)
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| 1440 | She was a nun. | Eadflæd (I1503)
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| 1441 | She was Abbess of Wimborne. | Cwenburh (I922)
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| 1442 | She was also known as Adelise. | d'Aubigny, Alice (I1277)
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| 1443 | She was also known as Adeliz le Meschin. Circa 1136 she was rescued from the Welsh by Miles of Gloucester. | de Meschines, Alice (I4115)
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| 1444 | She was also known as Agnes of Chester. | Alice of Chester (I1112)
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| 1445 | She was also known as Amice de Mowbray. | de Montbray, Amice (I3732)
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| 1446 | She was also known as Ælflæd. | Sybilla (I1905)
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| 1447 | She was also known as Ælftrud. Ælfthryth of Wessex (died June 7, 929), also known as Elftrudis, was an English princess and a countess consort of Flanders. She was the last child of Alfred the Great, the Saxon King of England and his wife Ealhswith. She had four or five siblings, including King Edward the Elder and Ethelfleda. Ælfthryth married Baldwin II (died 918), Count of Flanders. They had the following issue: Arnulf I of Flanders (c. 890-964), married Adela of Vermandois Adalulf (c. 890-933), Count of Boulogne Ealswid Ermentrud ÆLFTHRYTH, Lat. Eltrudis (d. 929), was a younger daughter of King Ælfred. She was brought up in her father's court with her brother Eadward. Asser dwells on the care with which the brother and sister were educated. Ælfthryth learnt all that was held fitting for people of high birth to know. She studied the Psalms and English books, and, above all, the English songs which her father loved so well. Ælfthryth married Baldwin II, count of Flanders, a violent and greedy man. She received Chippenham and two other estates in Wiltshire by her father's will. In 912 she gave Lewisham with its dependencies, Greenwich and Woolwich, to the abbey of St. Peter at Ghent. Her husband, Baldwin, died in 915, and was buried in the abbey of St. Bertin. Two years after his death Ælfthryth had his body moved to Ghent and buried in the church of St. Peter. She died in 929, and was laid beside her husband. She had two sons and two daughters. Her elder son, Arnulf, succeeded his father as count of Flanders. Fifth in descent from Arnulf was Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V and wife of William the Conqueror. Ælfthryth forms, therefore, an important link in the genealogy of the royal family of England. Her second son, Adelulf, was count of Boulogne. [Asser, de Rebus gestis Ælfredi; Æthelweard, Chron. i.; Sigebert, Chron. 918, in Recueil des Historiens, &c. viii. 310; Frodoard, Hist. iv. 10; L'Art de vérifier, &c. xiii. 282; Dugdale, Monasticon, vi. 987.] | Ælfthryth Countess of Flanders (I2109)
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| 1448 | She was also known as Bertrade de Montfort. | de Montfort, Bertrade of Evreux (I399)
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| 1449 | She was also known as Constance de Taillefer. Constance of Arles (986 - 25 July 1034), also known as Constance of Provence, was the third wife and queen of King Robert II of France. She was the daughter of William I, count of Provence and Adelais of Anjou, daughter of Fulk II of Anjou. She was the half-sister of Count William II of Provence. Biography In 1001, she was married to King Robert, after his divorce from his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy. The marriage was stormy; Bertha's family opposed her, and Constance was despised for importing her Provençal kinfolk and customs. Robert's friend, Hugh of Beauvais, tried to convince the king to repudiate her in 1007. The knights of her kinsman, Fulk Nerra then murdered Beauvais, perhaps at her order. In 1010 Robert went to Rome, accompanied by his former wife Bertha, to seek permission to divorce Constance and remarry Bertha. Constance encouraged her sons to revolt against their father, and then favored her younger son, Robert, over her elder son, Henri. During the famous trial of Herefast de Crepon (who was alleged to be involved with a heretical sect of canons, nuns, and clergy in 1022), the crowd outside the church in Orleans became so unruly that, according to Moore: At the king's command, Queen Constance stood before the doors of the Church, to prevent the common people from killing them inside the Church, and they were expelled from the bosom of the Church. As they were being driven out, the queen struck out the eye of Stephen, who had once been her confessor, with the staff which she carried in her hand. The symbolism, or reality, of putting an eye out is used often in medieval accounts to show the ultimate sin of breaking of one's oath, whether it be heresy, or treason to ones lordship, or in this case both. Stephen's eye was put out by the hand of a Queen wielding a staff (royal scepters were usually tipped with a cross) thus symbolically providing justice for the treasoned lord on earth and in heaven. At Constance's urging, her eldest son Hugh Magnus was crowned co-king alongside his father in 1017. Hugh Magnus demanded his parents share power with him, and rebelled against his father in 1025. He died suddenly later that year, an exile and a fugitive. Robert and Constance quarrelled over which of their surviving sons should inherit the throne; Robert favored their second son Henri, while Constance favored their third son, Robert. Despite his mother's protests, Henry was crowned in 1027. Fulbert, bishop of Chartres wrote a letter claiming that he was "frightened away" from the consecration of Henry "by the savagery of his mother, who is quite trustworthy when she promises evil." Constance encouraged her sons to rebel, and Henri and Robert began attacking and pillaging the towns and castles belonging to their father. Robert attacked Burgundy, the duchy he had been promised but had never received, and Henry seized Dreux. At last King Robert agreed to their demands and peace was made which lasted until the king's death. King Robert died in 1031, and soon Constance was at odds with both her elder son Henri and her younger son Robert. Constance seized her dower lands and refused to surrender them. Henri fled to Normandy, where he received aid, weapons and soldiers from his brother Robert. He returned to besiege his mother at Poissy but Constance escaped to Pontoise. She only surrendered when Henri began the siege of Le Puiset and swore to slaughter all the inhabitants. Constance died in 1034 and was buried beside her husband Robert at Saint-Denis Basilica. Children Constance and Robert had seven children: Advisa, Countess of Auxerre (c. 1003 - after 1063), married Count Renaud I of Nevers Hugh Magnus, co-king (1007 - 17 September 1025) Henri (4 May 1008 - 4 August 1060) Adela, Countess of Contenance (1009 - 5 June 1063), married (1) Duke Richard III of Normandy (2) Count Baldwin V of Flanders Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (1011 - 21 March 1076) Eudes (1013-1056) Constance (born 1014, date of death unknown), married Manasses de Dammartin | of Arles, Constance (I1526)
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| 1450 | She was also known as Cunigunde. | de Luxembourg, Ogive (I3102)
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