Notes
Matches 501 to 550 of 1,662
| Notes | Linked to | |
| 501 | He died in 1015, killed by his brother, Svyatopolk. | of Kiev, Gleb (I2205)
|
| 502 | He died in 1017, killed on the orders of Cnut the Great, at the same time as the murder of Ealdorman Eadric. | Northman (I3683)
|
| 503 | He died in 1039, killed in action by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. | Eadwine (I2925)
|
| 504 | He died in 1098, without issue. He was styled as Earl of Shrewsbury. He succeeded to the title of 2nd Earl of Arundel [E., 1067] on 27 July 1094. | de Montgomery, Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury (I2921)
|
| 505 | He died in 1120, drowned in the wreck of the White Ship. | le Bigod, William (I3906)
|
| 506 | He died in 1134. He was also reported to have died in 1136. | fitz Richard, Robert (I1823)
|
| 507 | He died in 1155, without issue. He held the office of King's Constable. He was a monk in 1155 at Gloucestershire, England. He succeeded to the title of Lord Abergavenny [Feudal] in 1155. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Hereford in 1155. | of Hereford, Roger Earl of Hereford (I1300)
|
| 508 | He died in 1175, slain. Donell MacMorrough, King of Leinster also went by the nick-name of Donell 'the Handsome'. He succeeded to the title of King Donell of Leinster in 1170. | MacMorrough, Donell King of Leinster (I4277)
|
| 509 | He died in 1210 at dungeons of Corfe, Windsor, Berkshire, England, starved to death by King John. | de Briouze, William (I3587)
|
| 510 | He died in 642, killed. | Eowa (I3814)
|
| 511 | He died in 849, killed by Beorthwulf. | Saint Wigstan (I2262)
|
| 512 | He died in 877 at Inverdorat, the Black Cove, Angus, Scotland, killed in action against the Danes. He gained the title of King Constantine of Alba. He gained the title of King Constantine of the Picts and Scots. He succeeded to the title of King Constantine I of Scotland in 863. Most of his reign was spent in beating off Viking assults or attempting to extend his authority southwards. Although he ordered the murder of King Artgal (his brother in law and the refugee ruler of Strathclyde) in 871, sometimes he bought peace with his enemies by paying tribute. King of the Scots and Picts for 14 years and was killed in a battle with the Danes at Inverdovat. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography. Dictionary of National Biography Constantine I d. 879, son of Kenneth Macalpine, king of Scotland or Alba, the country north of the Forth and Clyde, whose chief seat was Scone, succeeded his uncle Donald in 863. His reign was one of the first when the attacks of the Normans attained a formidable height, threatening the destruction of the Celtic and Saxon kingdoms. Two years after his accession Olaf the White, king of Dublin, wanted the country of the Picts, and occupied it from the Kalends of January to the feast of St. Patrick, ie. 17 March. According to the Pictish Chronicle, Olaf was slain by Constantine when on a raid in the following year, but the Annals of Ulster relate that he destroyed Alrhyth (Dumbarton), after a four months' siege, in 870, and retired in 871 to Dublin with two hundred ships and a great body of men, Anglo-Britons and Picts. After this he disappears from the Irish annals, so that his death may possibly have been antedated by some years in the account of the Pictish Chronicle. Ivar, another of the Norse Vikings of Dublin, who had fought along with Olaf, died about the same time, but Scotland was still exposed to incursions from other leaders of the same race. Thorstein the Red, a son of Olaf, by Audur, the wealthy daughter of Ketill Flatnore, attacked the northern districts, and, according to the Icelandic Landnamabok, conquered Katanes and Suderland, Ross and Norway, and more than half Scotland. But his kingdom, which, perhaps, was acquiesced in by Constantine, who had slight hold of the northern parts, was brief, and he was slain by the men of Alba by a stratagem or treachery in 875. In the South Halfdane the Danish leader who led the northern of the two bands (Guthrum, Alfred's opponent commanded the other), into which the formerly united host of that people was divided, ravaged the east coast of Britain, laid waste Northumbria, and destroyed the Picts (of Galloway?) and the people of Strathclyde. Two years later another band of Danes, the Irish Dubhgall, or Black Strangers, having been driven from Ireland by the Fingall, or White Strangers, made a sudden descent on Scotland by way of the Clyde and, penetrating into the interior, defeated the Scots at Dollar, from which they passed to Inverdovat, in the parish of Forgan in Fife, where Constantine was slain (877). Tradition points to the long black cave, near Crail, as the scene of his death. Sources: Robertson's Scotland under her Early Kings Skene's Celtic Scotland. Contributor: Æ. M. [Aeneas James George Mackay] Published: 1887 CausantÃn or ConstantÃn mac Cináeda (in Modern Gaelic, Còiseam mac Choinnich; died 877) was a king of the Picts. He is often known as Constantine I, in reference to his place in modern lists of kings of Scots, though contemporary sources described CausantÃn only as a Pictish king. A son of Cináed mac AilpÃn ("Kenneth MacAlpin"), he succeeded his uncle Domnall mac AilpÃn as Pictish king following the latter's death on 13 April 862. It is likely that CausantÃn's (Constantine I) reign witnessed increased activity by Vikings, based in Ireland and Northumbria, in northern Britain and he died fighting one such invasion. Sources Very few records of ninth century events in northern Britain survive. The main local source from the period is the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, a list of kings from Cináed mac AilpÃn (died 858) to Cináed mac MaÃl Coluim (died 995). The list survives in the Poppleton Manuscript, a thirteenth century compilation. Originally simply a list of kings with reign lengths, the other details contained in the Poppleton Manuscript version were added from the tenth century onwards. In addition to this, later king lists survive. The earliest genealogical records of the descendants of Cináed mac AilpÃn may date from the end of the tenth century, but their value lies more in their context, and the information they provide about the interests of those for whom they were compiled, than in the unreliable claims they contain. The Pictish king-lists originally ended with this CausantÃn, who was reckoned the seventieth and last king of the Picts. For narrative history the principal sources are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish annals. While Scandinavian sagas describe events in 9th century Britain, their value as sources of historical narrative, rather than documents of social history, is disputed. If the sources for north-eastern Britain, the lands of the kingdom of Northumbria and the former Pictland, are limited and late, those for the areas on the Irish Sea and Atlantic coasts-the modern regions of north-west England and all of northern and western Scotland-are non-existent, and archaeology and toponymy are of primary importance. Languages and names Writing a century before CausantÃn was born, Bede recorded five languages in Britain. Latin, the common language of the church, Old English, the language of the Angles and Saxons, Irish, spoken on the western coasts of Britain and in Ireland, Brythonic, ancestor of the Welsh language, spoken in large parts of western Britain, and Pictish, spoken in northern Britain. By the ninth century a sixth language, Old Norse, had arrived with the Vikings. AmlaÃb and Ãmar Viking activity in northern Britain appears to have reached a peak during CausantÃn's reign. Viking armies were led by a small group of men who may have been kinsmen. Among those noted by the Irish annals, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are Ãvarr-Ãmar in Irish sources-who was active from East Anglia to Ireland, Halfdán-Albdann in Irish, Healfdene in Old English- and AmlaÃb or Óláfr. As well as these leaders, various others related to them appear in the surviving record. Viking activity in Britain increased in 865 when the Great Heathen Army, probably a part of the forces which had been active in Francia, landed in East Anglia. The following year, having obtained tribute from the East Anglian King Edmund, the Great Army moved north, seizing York, chief city of the Northumbrians.[9] The Great Army defeated an attack on York by the two rivals for the Northumbrian throne, Osberht and Ælla, who had put aside their differences in the face of a common enemy. Both would-be kings were killed in the failed assault, probably on 21 March 867. Following this, the leaders of the Great Army are said to have installed one Ecgberht as king of the Northumbrians. Their next target was Mercia where King Burgred, aided by his brother-in-law King Æthelred of Wessex, drove them off. While the kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria were under attack, other Viking armies were active in the far north. AmlaÃb and Auisle (Ãsl or AuðgÃsl), said to be his brother, brought an army to Fortriu and obtained tribute and hostages in 866. Historians disagree as to whether the army returned to Ireland in 866, 867 or even in 869. Late sources of uncertain reliability state that Auisle was killed by AmlaÃb in 867 in a dispute over AmlaÃb's wife, the daughter of Cináed. It is unclear whether, if accurate, this woman should be identified as a daughter of Cináed mac AilpÃn, and thus CausantÃn's sister, or as a daughter of Cináed mac Conaing, king of Brega. While AmlaÃb and Auisle were in north Britain, the Annals of Ulster record that Ãed Findliath, High King of Ireland, took advantage of their absence to destroy the longphorts along the northern coasts of Ireland. Ãed Findliath was married to CausantÃn's sister Máel Muire. She later married Ãed's successor Flann Sinna. Her death is recorded in 913. In 870, AmlaÃb and Ãvarr attacked Dumbarton Rock, where the River Leven meets the River Clyde, the chief place of the kingdom of Alt Clut, south-western neighbour of Pictland. The siege lasted four months before the fortress fell to the Vikings who returned to Ireland with many prisoners, "Angles, Britons and Picts", in 871. Archaeological evidence suggests that Dumbarton Rock was largely abandoned and that Govan replaced it as the chief place of the kingdom of Strathclyde, as Alt Clut was later known. King Artgal of Alt Clut did not long survive these events, being killed "at the instigation" of CausantÃn son of Cináed two years later. Artgal's son and successor Run was married to a sister of CausantÃn. AmlaÃb disappears from Irish annals after his return to Ireland in 871. According to the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba he was killed by CausantÃn either in 871 or 872 when he returned to Pictland to collect further tribute. His ally Ãvarr died in 873. Last days of the Pictish kingdom In 875, the Chronicle and the Annals of Ulster again report a Viking army in Pictland. A battle, fought near Dollar, was a heavy defeat for the Picts; the Annals of Ulster say that "a great slaughter of the Picts resulted". Although there is agreement that CausantÃn was killed fighting Vikings in 877, it is not clear where this happened. Some believe he was beheaded on a Fife beach, following a battle at Fife Ness, near Crail. William Forbes Skene read the Chronicle as placing CausantÃn's death at Inverdovat (by Newport-on-Tay), which appears to match the Prophecy of Berchán. The account in the Chronicle of Melrose names the place as the "Black Cave" and John of Fordun calls it the "Black Den". CausantÃn was buried on Iona. Aftermath CausantÃn's son Domnall and his descendants represented the main line of the kings of Alba and later Scotland. | Constantine King of Scotland I (I188)
|
| 513 | He died in 878 at Strathallan, Scotland, killed in action. He succeeded to the title of King Ædh of Scotland in 877. | Ædh 'Swiftfoot' King of Scotland (I2105)
|
| 514 | He died in 900 at Dunfother, Scotland, killed in action. He succeeded to the title of King Donald II of Scotland in 889. Succeeded the joint rule of Giric and Eochaid. Succeeded by Constantine II. Domnall mac CausantÃn (Modern Gaelic: Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim), anglicised as Donald II (died 900) was King of the Picts or King of Scotland (Alba) in the late 9th century. He was the son of Constantine I (CausantÃn mac Cináeda). Donald is given the epithet Dásachtach, "the Madman", by the Prophecy of Berchán. Life Donald became king on the death or deposition of Giric (Giric mac Dúngail), the date of which is not certainly known but usually placed in 889. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba reports: “Doniualdus son of Constantini held the kingdom for 11 years [889-900]. The Northmen wasted Pictland at this time. In his reign a battle occurred between Danes and Scots at Innisibsolian where the Scots had victory. He was killed at Opidum Fother [modern Dunnottar] by the Gentiles.†It has been suggested that the attack on Dunnottar, rather than being a small raid by a handful of pirates, may be associated with the ravaging of Scotland attributed to Harald Fairhair in the Heimskringla.The Prophecy of Berchán places Donald's death at Dunnottar, but appears to attribute it to Gaels rather than Norsemen; other sources report he died at Forres. Donald's death is dated to 900 by the Annals of Ulster and the Chronicon Scotorum, where he is called king of Alba, rather than king of the Picts. He was buried on Iona. The change from king of the Picts to king of Alba is seen as indicating a step towards the kingdom of the Scots, but historians, while divided as to when this change should be placed, do not generally attribute it to Donald in view of his epithet. The consensus view is that the key changes occurred in the reign of Constantine II (CausantÃn mac Ãeda), but the reign of Giric has also been proposed. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Donald succeeded by his cousin Constantine II. Donald's son Malcolm (Máel Coluim mac Domnall) was later king as Malcolm I. The Prophecy of Berchán appears to suggest that another king reigned for a short while between Donald II and Constantine II, saying "half a day will he take sovereignty". Possible confirmation of this exists in the Chronicon Scotorum, where the death of "Ead, king of the Picts" in battle against the Uà Ãmair is reported in 904. This, however, is thought to be an error, referring perhaps to Ædwulf, the ruler of Bernicia, whose death is reported in 913 by the other Irish annals. | of Alba, Donald King of Scotland II (I189)
|
| 515 | He died in 905. | Sigewulf (I2129)
|
| 516 | He died in 933, drowned in the English Channel. | Edwin (I1453)
|
| 517 | He died in 953, a captive of the Normas. | des Francs, Prince Charles (I791)
|
| 518 | He died in 954 killed. He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm I of Scotland in 943. Succeeded Constantine II Killed in the Mearns (Grampians) by the people of Moray, whom he had forcibly subjucated on his accession in 943. Succeeded by Indulf. Máel Coluim mac Domnaill (anglicised Malcolm I) (c. 900-954) was king of Scots (before 943 - 954), becoming king when his cousin CausantÃn mac Ãeda abdicated to become a monk. He was the son of Domnall mac CausantÃn. Since his father was known to have died in the year 900, Malcolm must have been born no later than 901, by the 940s he was no longer a young man, and may have become impatient in awaiting the throne. Willingly or not-the 11th-century Prophecy of Berchán, a verse history in the form of a supposed prophecy, states that it was not a voluntary decision that Constantine II abdicated in 943 and entered a monastery, leaving the kingdom to Malcolm. Seven years later the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: [Malcolm I] plundered the English as far as the river Tees, and he seized a multitude of people and many herds of cattle: and the Scots called this the raid of Albidosorum, that is, Nainndisi. But others say that Constantine made this raid, asking of the king, Malcolm, that the kingship should be given to him for a week's time, so that he could visit the English. In fact, it was Malcolm who made the raid, but Constantine incited him, as I have said. Woolf suggests that the association of Constantine with the raid is a late addition, one derived from a now-lost saga or poem. He died in the shield wall next to his men. In 945 Edmund of Wessex, having expelled AmlaÃb Cuaran (Olaf Sihtricsson) from Northumbria, devastated Cumbria and blinded two sons of Domnall mac Eógain, king of Strathclyde. It is said that he then "let" or "commended" Strathclyde to Máel Coluim in return for an alliance.[4] What is to be understood by "let" or "commended" is unclear, but it may well mean that Máel Coluim had been the overlord of Strathclyde and that Edmund recognised this while taking lands in southern Cumbria for himself. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says that Máel Coluim took an army into Moray "and slew Cellach". Cellach is not named in the surviving genealogies of the rulers of Moray, and his identity is unknown. Máel Coluim appears to have kept his agreement with the late English king, which may have been renewed with the new king, Edmund having been murdered in 946 and succeeded by his brother Edred. Eric Bloodaxe took York in 948, before being driven out by Edred, and when AmlaÃb Cuaran again took York in 949-950, Máel Coluim raided Northumbria as far south as the Tees taking "a multitude of people and many herds of cattle" according to the Chronicle. The Annals of Ulster for 952 report a battle between "the men of Alba and the Britons [of Strathclyde] and the English" against the foreigners, i.e. the Northmen or the Norse-Gaels. This battle is not reported by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and it is unclear whether it should be related to the expulsion of AmlaÃb Cuaran from York or the return of Eric Bloodaxe. The Annals of Ulster report that Máel Coluim was killed in 954. Other sources place this most probably in the Mearns, either at Fetteresso following the Chronicle, or at Dunnottar following the Prophecy of Berchán. He was buried on Iona. Máel Coluim's sons Dub and Cináed were later kings. Máel Coluim mac Domnaill (anglicised Malcolm I) (c. 900-954) was king of Scots (before 943 - 954), becoming king when his cousin CausantÃn mac Ãeda abdicated to become a monk. He was the son of Domnall mac CausantÃn. Since his father was known to have died in the year 900, Malcolm must have been born no later than 901. By the 940s, he was no longer a young man, and may have become impatient in awaiting the throne. Willingly or not-the 11th-century Prophecy of Berchán, a verse history in the form of a supposed prophecy, states that it was not a voluntary decision that Constantine II abdicated in 943 and entered a monastery, leaving the kingdom to Malcolm. Seven years later, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: [Malcolm I] plundered the English as far as the River Tees, and he seized a multitude of people and many herds of cattle: and the Scots called this the raid of Albidosorum, that is, Nainndisi. But others say that Constantine made this raid, asking of the king, Malcolm, that the kingship should be given to him for a week's time, so that he could visit the English. In fact, it was Malcolm who made the raid, but Constantine incited him, as I have said. Woolf suggests that the association of Constantine with the raid is a late addition, one derived from a now-lost saga or poem. He died in the shield wall next to his men. In 945, Edmund of Wessex, having expelled AmlaÃb Cuaran (Olaf Sihtricsson) from Northumbria, devastated Cumbria and blinded two sons of Domnall mac Eógain, king of Strathclyde. It is said that he then "let" or "commended" Strathclyde to Máel Coluim in return for an alliance.[4] What is to be understood by "let" or "commended" is unclear, but it may well mean that Máel Coluim had been the overlord of Strathclyde and that Edmund recognised this while taking lands in southern Cumbria for himself. The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says that Máel Coluim took an army into Moray "and slew Cellach". Cellach is not named in the surviving genealogies of the rulers of Moray, and his identity is unknown. Máel Coluim appears to have kept his agreement with the late English king, which may have been renewed with the new king, Edmund having been murdered in 946 and succeeded by his brother Edred. Eric Bloodaxe took York in 948, before being driven out by Edred, and when AmlaÃb Cuaran again took York in 949-950, Máel Coluim raided Northumbria as far south as the Tees taking "a multitude of people and many herds of cattle" according to the Chronicle. The Annals of Ulster for 952 report a battle between "the men of Alba and the Britons [of Strathclyde] and the English" against the foreigners, i.e. the Northmen or the Norse-Gaels. This battle is not reported by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and it is unclear whether it should be related to the expulsion of AmlaÃb Cuaran from York or the return of Eric Bloodaxe. The Annals of Ulster report that Máel Coluim was killed in 954. Other sources place this most probably in the Mearns, either at Fetteresso following the Chronicle, or at Dunnottar following the Prophecy of Berchán. He was buried on Iona. Máel Coluim's sons Dub and Cináed were later kings. | Malcolm I of Scotland (I186)
|
| 519 | He died in 976, murdered, at a supposedly peaceful meeting of reconciliation. He gained the title of King Mathgamain of Thomond. He gained the title of King Mathgamain of Munster in 964 | mac Cennetig, Mathgamain King of Thomond (I2265)
|
| 520 | He died in 999 killed by his cousin Gillacomgain. | of Alba, Dungal (I441)
|
| 521 | He died on 11 February 1127, young. | Hastings, Adam (I3351)
|
| 522 | He died on 12 September 1015, killed. Lambert I of Leuven nicknamed "The Bearded" (born in Leuven, Belgium c. 950, died in Florennes, Belgium on September 12, 1015) was the first Count of Leuven in 1003. He was killed by Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine in battle for Godfrey's claim of Count of Verdun. He was the son of Regnier III, Count of Hainaut and Adela, brother of Reginar IV, Count of Mons, husband of Gerberga of Lower Lorraine, and father of: Henry I of Leuven Lambert II, Count of Leuven, married Oda of Verdun. Reinier Matilda of Leuven (Maud) | Lambert I Count of Louvain (I3277)
|
| 523 | He died on 19 May 1106 at Candé, France, killed in action, unmarried. Geoffrey IV d'Anjou, 8th Comte d'Anjou also went by the nick-name of Geoffrey 'Martel'. He gained the title of 8th Comte d'Anjou. He fought in the siege of Cande in May 1106. | d'Anjou, Geoffrey 8th Comte d'Anjou IV (I2142)
|
| 524 | He died on 2 August 1100 at New Forest, Hampshire, England, an 'accident' with an arrow while hunting. He may have been assassinated at the orders on of his younger brother, Henry I. William II 'Rufus', King of England also went by the nick-name of William 'Rufus' because of his red face and, like his father, he was fat. He succeeded to the title of King William II of England on 9 September 1087. He was crowned King of England on 26 September 1087 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England, and styled 'Dei Gratiâ Rex Anglorum', crowned by Archbishop of Canterbury Llanfranc. William was very fond of his father and always loyal to him. He had a tendancy to stutter when excited. He won military successes in Normandy, and advanced the Norman cause in Wales as well as overcoming rebellions of his barons. The church certainly had no liking for him, a view he reciprocated. He had the reputation of being cruel, harsh, capricious and profligate and yet he was admired by many as a good soldier and leader and a generous man. His true character may be lost forever in the mists of time. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography. Dictionary of National Biography William II d. 1100, king of England, third son of William II, duke of Normandy (afterwards king of England; see William the Conqueror), and his wife Matilda of Flanders [qv.], was probably born between 1056 and 1060. He was educated and knighted by Lanfranc [qv.]. In 1074 or 1077 he and one of his brothers-either Henry or Richard-had a quarrel with their eldest brother, Robert [see Robert, Duke of Normandy], which served as a pretext for Robert's rebellion against their father [for details see Henry I]. In the war which followed William fought on his father's side, and was wounded in a skirmish at Gerberoi, 1079. The Conqueror on his deathbed declared that William had always been a dutiful son, and sent him on 8 Sept. 1087 to England with a letter to Lanfranc desiring the archbishop to make him king if he deemed it might justly be done. William sailed from Touques, taking with him two English prisoners whom the dying Conqueror had just released, Morkere, earl of Northumbria [qv.], and Wulfnoth, brother of Harold. He led them to Winchester, and there put them again in prison, where he kept them the rest of their lives. On 26 Sept. Lanfranc crowned him at Westminster. The new king was of middle height, square-built and strong, with a broad forehead, eyes of varying colour and marked with white specks, yellowish hair, and a complexion so ruddy that the nickname derived from it-Rufus, the Red-is used by contemporaries not only as an epithet to distinguish him from his father, but even as a substitute for his real name. Immediately after his coronation he returned to Winchester, to make from the treasury there a lavish distribution of gifts to the churches and alms to the poor of his realm for the good of his father's soul. He returned to keep Christmas in London; and it seems to have been on this occasion that he restored the earldom of Kent to his uncle, Odo, bishop of Bayeux [qv.], and, according to one account, made him justiciar. The king's chief minister and confidant, however, was William of St. Calais, bishop of Durham [see Carilef, William de]. Within three months Odo was at the head of a plot formed by the Norman barons in England to dethrone William Rufus, whose temper was too stern and masterful to please them, and set his more tractable brother, Duke Robert of Normandy, in his place, and the plot was secretly joined by the bishop of Durham. When the king understood these things, and what treason they did towards him, then was he greatly disturbed in his mood. Then he sent after the English men (in contradistinction to the Normans) and set forth to them his need, and prayed their help, and promised them the best laws that ever were in this land, and that he would forbid all unjust taxation, and give them back their woods and their hunting. A crowd of enthusiastic Englishmen gathered round him in London and followed him to attack the strongholds of the rebels in Kent. Tunbridge Castle was stormed, Pevensey starved into surrender, and Odo forced to promise that his chief fortress, Rochester, should be given up without resistance. Odo, however, was false to his promise [for details see Odo]. The enraged king then issued a second proclamation, summoning to his aid every man, French and English, who would not be called nithing, to an Englishman the most shameful of epithets. Backed by the increase of forces which this appeal brought him, by the archbishop, and by most of the landowners of Kent, whose estates Odo's followers had been ravaging, William laid siege to Rochester (May 1088), won its surrender, and banished Odo from the realm. The English clamoured for Odo's death; but Rufus had promised him and all the Rochester garrison their lives, and would not break his knightly word. On 2 Nov. the bishop of Durham was tried before the king's court at Salisbury. He refused to acknowledge its jurisdiction and appealed to Rome; the king compelled him to give up Durham castle, and then let him follow Odo over sea [for details see Carilef, William de]. Thus secure in England, William laid before a great council at Winchester, at Easter 1090, a proposal for the invasion of Normandy. The council unanimously assented to the project; but before William took the field he secured a foothold in the duchy by other means. By his cunning or by his treasures he gained several castles on its eastern side; therein he set his knights, and they did harm upon the land, harrying and burning. King Philip of France came to support Duke Robert, but was induced to withdraw, for the love or for the mickle treasure of the English king: and Rouen itself would have fallen into the hands of William's soldiers but for the action of his youngest brother Henry [see Henry I]. William himself went to Normandy at Candlemas 1091, fixed his headquarters at Eu, and was speedily joined by such a crowd of adherents that Robert hastened to come to terms. By a treaty made either at Rouen or at Caen it was agreed that so much of Normandy as had already acknowledged William's rule should remain subject to him; that the two brothers should co-operate to recover such of their father's territories as Robert had lost, viz. the Cotentin, which he had sold to Henry, and Maine, which had thrown off the Norman yoke; that these territories, when regained, should belong to Robert, except two fortresses in the Cotentin-Cherbourg and the Mont St. Michel, which William claimed as the price of his help; and that if either Robert or William died childless his dominions should pass to the survivor. King and duke attacked the Cotentin in Lent 1091; in a month they had won it, all but the Mont St. Michel, and even this Henry was forced to surrender after a siege of fifteen days. In August William returned to England, and at once marched against the king of Scots, Malcolm III [qv.], who had invaded England during his absence. Malcolm was induced to do homage to the English king at the Scot-water (the Firth of Forth) by the mediation of Robert, who had come to England with Rufus, and of Edgar the Ætheling [qv.], who had just been banished from Normandy at Rufus's instigation. Just before Christmas the king and the duke again quarrelled, and the duke returned home. In 1092 William fared north to Carlisle, and restored the city and built the castle, and drove out Dolfin (who till then held the land), and set the castle with his men; then he turned south again, and sent many churlish folk, with wives and cattle, to dwell in the land and till it. This restoration of a deserted city and colonisation of a district which had become practically a no-man's-land is the one good deed done for England by William the Red. His sole merit as a ruler was that he kept his realm in peace with a strong hand, and was terrible to thieves and robbers; but the peace was hollow; one class of thieves and robbers formed an exception to his severity, the knights and soldiers of his own personal following, whom he suffered to ravage the lands of the country folk with impunity. He was always seeking subjects of contention, and contriving pretences whereby he might heap up money. As he was keen in exacting, so he was prodigal in distributing his ill-gotten gains; displaying the claws of a harpy, the extravagance of a Cleopatra, and the shamelessness of both. He was very stern and cruel over his land and his men, and with all his neighbours, and very terrible; and through evil men's counsels, which were ever pleasing to him, and through his own covetousness, he was ever tormenting the people with soldiering and with ungelds, forasmuch as in his days all right fell down and all unright, for God and for the world, uprose. Of his private life it is impossible to speak. The one influence which held him in check was removed by Lanfranc's death on 24 May 1089. Thenceforth God's churches he brought low, and all the bishoprics and abbacies, whose elders died in his time, he either sold for money, or held in his own hand, and set them to farm. So abject was the terror he inspired that when at Christmas 1092 the bishops and nobles at last plucked up courage to make some effort to obtain the appointment of a new primate, they asked the king, not to grant their desire, but to give them leave to offer public prayers that he might be led to grant it, a request to which he scornfully acceded. At the end of February 1093 he fell sick at Alvestone (Gloucestershire); he was carried to Gloucester, and there, believing himself at the point of death, he made many promises to God to lead his own life aright and give peace and security to God's churches, and never more to sell them for money, and to have all right laws among his people. He began his reformation by investing Anselm with the archbishopric of Canterbury on 6 March [for details see Anselm, Saint]. By Easter, however, he had recovered his health, and forthwith he forsook all the good laws that he had promised us. Malcolm of Scotland now sent to demand the fulfilment of the promises which Rufus had made to him. Rufus answered by inviting or summoning Malcolm to come and speak with him at Gloucester on 24 Aug., and sending Eadgar to escort him thither ‘with mickle worship.’ ‘But when he came he was not deemed worthy either to have speech with our king, nor to receive fulfilment of the promises which had been made him, and so they parted with mickle discord.’ The consequence was that Malcolm on his return home invaded Northumberland. He was intercepted and slain on 13 Nov. by the Mowbrays [see Malcolm III and Mowbray, Robert de], whereupon the Scots chose a new king, Donald Bane, who drove out Malcolm's English or Norman followers, and compelled his children by his English wife, St. Margaret [q.v.], to seek shelter in England. Malcolm's eldest son Duncan see Duncan II, who was already at the English court, at once did homage to William for the Scottish crown, and soon won it by the help of followers whom William allowed him to collect in England; but by the end of the year he was slain, and Donald restored. William was too busy with the affairs of Normandy to heed those of Scotland. At Christmas 1093 he received an embassy from his brother Robert, calling on him to fulfil his part of the treaty of 1091. William at once resolved upon an expedition to Normandy, and summoned a great council to meet him on Candlemas day (1094) at Hastings, where he proposed to embark. Contrary winds detained him there for six weeks. He was present at the consecration of Battle Abbey on 11 Feb. He had already rejected, as insufficient, the contribution which Anselm had offered for the expenses of the coming campaign; he now answered Anselm's remonstrances on the state of the realm by declaring that he ‘would do nothing for’ the archbishop unless bribed by a larger offering, and when A[nselm refused to make any further offering at all, drove him away with words of insult and hatred [for details see Anselm, Saint]. On 19 March William crossed into Normandy. He had an interview with Robert, but they could not agree; at a second meeting the case was laid before the guarantors of the treaty of 1091, and these unanimously declared William guilty of breach of faith. He, however, ‘would not acknowledge this, nor keep the conditions,’ and the brothers parted to make ready for war. William fixed his headquarters at Eu. For a while the luck went against him. Payments to mercenaries and bribes to enemies exhausted his treasury. Heavy taxes were imposed on England, but their proceeds came in too slowly. At last ‘the king bade call out twenty thousand Englishmen to help him in Normandy.’ When they assembled at Hastings, however, Ranulf Flambard [q.v.], ‘by the king's command,’ took from each man the ten shillings provided him by his shire for his expenses, and sent the men back to their homes, and the 10,000l. over sea to Rufus. With part of this sum Rufus again bribed Philip of France to withdraw his support from Robert. With part he seems to have bribed his own Norman adherents to carry on the war for him, while he himself returned to England on 29 Dec. Early in 1095 a question arose between William and Anselm as to the latter's right to acknowledge one of the two rival popes without the king's permission. A great council met at Rockingham, 11 March, nominally to discuss this point, but really, in William's intention, to bring Anselm to ruin. Anselm, however, proved more than a match for the king, and a ‘truce’ was made between them, to last till 20 May. Meanwhile Rufus secretly endeavoured to obtain Anselm's deprivation from Pope Urban, through the legate Walter of Albano; but Urban and Walter caught him in his own trap, and on 20 May he was forced to make formal reconciliation with the primate [for details see Anselm, Saint]. Throughout the spring William had been unsuccessfully endeavouring to bring the Earl of Northumberland, Robert of Mowbray, to justice, first for an act of robbery, and next for a defiance of the royal authority which was in fact part of a widespread plot against the king himself [for details see Mowbray, Robert de]. In June the king marched upon Northumberland. He took Newcastle and Tynemouth, and besieged Mowbray in Bamborough. Bamborough, however, proved hard to win; so, after building a tower over against it, and leaving a strong force to continue the siege, William at Michaelmas turned southward. He was met by tidings that the Welsh had taken Montgomery. He at once summoned his host, marched into Wales, and by 1 Nov. was at Snowdon; but the Welsh withdrew into their mountains, out of reach of his cavalry; so he ‘went homeward, for he saw that he could do no more there in the winter.’ Meanwhile Mowbray had been captured, and his capture broke up the plot of which he was the head. On 13 Jan. 1096 the king held a great court at Salisbury, and meted out stern punishment to the traitors. In the spring of 1096 Robert of Normandy, having taken the cross and wanting money for his crusade, pledged his duchy to William-whether for three years, five years, or simply for the term, whatever it might be, of his own absence-for ten thousand marks. The raising of this almost paltry sum was made by the king an excuse for levying such manifold ungelds that the lay barons had to fleece their under-tenants to the uttermost; and it is said that some of the bishops and abbots ventured on a protest against the royal demands, which they declared they could not satisfy without driving to despair the poor tillers of the soil. William's officers then suggested that they should rob the shrines of the saints instead, and they dared not refuse to adopt the suggestion. In September Rufus went to Normandy, met Robert, paid him the stipulated sum, and was left in possession of the duchy. On Easter eve (4 April 1097), he returned to England. Immediately afterwards he held a great council at Windsor; then he marched into Wales and brought the Welsh to submission, but only for a moment. Scarcely had he turned his back when they rose more defiantly than ever. He set off at midsummer at the head of a host of mingled horse and foot, that he might slay all the men of Wales; but he hardly succeeded in capturing or slaying one of them, while his own army suffered many losses of men and horses and other things. In August he came back to England and held another council, at which, for the second time, he refused Anselm's request for leave to go to Rome. At a council at Winchester, on 14-15 Oct., he met the same request by telling the archbishop that he might go, but that his temporalities should be seized if he went. Though this time he silently accepted Anselm's blessing ere they parted, he carried out his threat; and when Anselm wrote to him from Rome he refused to receive the letter, and swore by the Holy Face of Lucca-his customary oath-that if the bearer did not hasten to quit his dominions his eyes should be torn out. About the time of his final quarrel with Anselm (August 1097), William had sanctioned an expedition of the Ætheling Eadgar into Scotland, for the purpose of dethroning Donald Bane and establishing another Eadgar, the Ætheling's nephew, on the throne. This expedition was successful, and William's claim to supremacy over the Scottish crown was acknowledged by the new sovereign [see Edgar]. William now addressed to Philip of France a demand for the cession of the Vexin, the land for which William the Conqueror had died fighting against the same king. Such a demand was in effect a declaration of war, and on 11 Nov. William crossed the sea with his army of mercenaries. He made, however, little progress throughout the winter, and in January 1098 he turned upon Maine, which in 1091 he had promised to recover, or help to recover, for the Duke of Normandy. It was a saying of Rufus that no man can keep all his promises, and this promise was one which he had shown no desire to fulfil until 1096, when Normandy passed from his brother's hands to his own, and when Count Elias of Maine, desiring to take the cross, sought to assure the peace of his county during his absence by acknowledging the suzerainty of the new ruler of Normandy and requesting his license to depart. William answered by a demand for the absolute surrender of Maine, and, when Elias refused, threatened him with instant war. It was, however, not till January 1098 that he found time to fulfil the threat, and then he took little personal share in the war, which was carried on for him chiefly by Robert of Bellême [qv.]. On 28 April Elias was captured by Bellême. William immediately summoned all the forces-French, Burgundian, Flemish, British, and men of other neighbouring lands-who would come to him for his liberal pay, to meet him at Alençon in June for the conquest of Maine. He besieged Le Mans, but was forced by lack of fodder to raise the siege. In August, however, some rather obscure negotiations ended in the surrender of the city to him, on condition that he should set Elias free. William entered Le Mans in triumph. On his return to Rouen Elias was brought before him and proposed to enter his service, with the avowed object of thereby earning his restoration to the countship of Maine. At the instigation of Robert of Meulan [see Beaumont, Robert de, d. 1118], William refused his request. Elias then declared he would strive to regain his heritage by force; William scornfully bade him begone and do his worst. On 27 Sept. the Red King again attacked the Vexin. He was joined by the Duke of Aquitaine; but though the war dragged on through the winter, the allies could make no real progress against the stubborn resistance of the French, and at last Rufus agreed to a truce, which enabled him to return to England at Easter (10 April) 1099. At Pentecost (19 May) he held his court for the first time in his new building at Westminster, the building of which the present Westminster Hall is the successor and representative. In June Elias regained possession of Le Mans. This news reached William as he was setting out from Clarendon to hunt in the New Forest. He set spurs to his horse and rode off alone straight to Southampton, sprang on board the first ship he saw, and, though it was a crazy old vessel and a storm was gathering, bade the crew put to sea at once. In vain they remonstrated. Kings never drown, said Rufus. Next morning he landed at Touques. He rode to Bonneville, mustered his troops, and marched upon Le Mans. Its castles were still held by the garrisons which he had left there. Elias, thus placed between two fires, evacuated the city and withdrew to the southern border of Maine. Rufus followed him and laid siege to his castle of Mayet, but after a narrow escape of being killed by a stone thrown at him from its walls, he was persuaded by his followers to raise the siege. He then returned to Le Mans, and punished the cathedral chapter for having dared, two years before, to choose themselves a bishop without his leave, by driving out the canons who had consented to the election. The bishop himself was accused of having permitted Elias to use the towers of the cathedral as bases of operations against the castle. William bade him pull the towers down, and he seems to have been ultimately compelled to execute the order. At Michaelmas William returned to England. At Christmas he held his court at Gloucester; at Easter 1100 he was at Winchester; at Whitsuntide at Westminster. In the course of the summer he received an offer of the duchy of Aquitaine, to hold in pledge during its ruler's intended absence in the Holy Land. He then ordered the construction of a large fleet and the levy of an immense host, with which he prepared to cross the sea, keep the returning Duke Robert out of Normandy, and win for himself the mastery of all western Gaul from the Channel to the Garonne. Where will you keep next Christmas? asked one of his companions at a hunting party in the New Forest (seemingly at Brockenhurst) on 1 Aug. At Poitiers, was William's reply. But thereafter on the morrow was the king William shot off with an arrow from his own men in hunting. These words of the English Chronicle sum up all that is certainly known as to the manner of the Red King's death. Whether the arrow was shot by Walter Tirel [qv.] or by some one else, whether it was aimed at the king or hit him by accident, remains undetermined. His own men dispersed at once, and it was left to the peasantry of the neighbourhood to wrap the bleeding corpse in coarse cloths, lay it in a cart, and bring it to Winchester. There next day it was buried, out of reverence for the regal dignity, in the cathedral under the central tower; but no religious service accompanied or followed the burial. Although no sovereign ever did more, both by his public and private conduct, to deserve and provoke excommunication, the church had spared Rufus hitherto, probably from fear of goading him to yet further depths of wickedness. The pope indeed had threatened him once (April 1099), but had been induced by Anselm to refrain from executing the threat. But now the clergy of Winchester, backed by the English people, dared to decide for themselves, and to act on their decision, that the dead man was beyond the pale of Christian fellowship. They said no mass, they tolled no bell, they suffered his brother and his friends to make no offerings for the soul of the king of whose life and reign the English chronicler gives this terrible summary: Though I hesitate to say it, all things that are loathsome to God and to earnest men were customary in this land in his time; and therefore he was loathsome to wellnigh all his people, and abominable to God, as his end showed, forasmuch as he departed in the midst of his unrighteousness, without repentance and without expiation. The fall of the cathedral tower seven years later confirmed the popular belief that he who lay beneath it was unfit for Christian burial. In recent times the Red King's tomb-a black marble slab, of the form known as dos-d'âne, and without any inscription-has been removed into the lady-chapel. He was unmarried, and his kingdom was seized by his younger brother Henry I [qv.]. Sources: William II has been so exhaustively dealt with by Freeman in his Norman Conquest (vol. v.) and his Reign of William Rufus that it is needless to give here more than a brief enumeration of the chief original authorities: the English Chronicle, Eadmer, Florence of Worcester, Ordericus Vitalis, William of Malmesbury, and Henry of Huntingdon. For the minor authorities see Freeman's footnotes and appendices. Contributor: K. N. [Kate Norgate] Published: 1900 | William II 'Rufus' King of England (I3358)
|
| 525 | He died on 20 February 1070/71 at Flanders, Belgium, killed in action. | fitz Osbern, William 1st Earl of Hereford (I3833)
|
| 526 | He died on 22 September 1174, murdered. | Uchtred Lord of Galloway (I1255)
|
| 527 | He died on 23 April 1014, killed in action. He fought in the Battle of Cluantarbh on 23 April 1014. | Murchad (I2264)
|
| 528 | He died on 23 November 955 at Frome, Somerset, England, after a long illness. He succeeded to the title of King Eadræd of England on 26 May 946. He was crowned King of England on 16 August 946 at Kingston-upon-Thames, London, England. The previous king, Edmund, had two sons but neither were old enough to succeed him at the time of his death. Instead the Kingdom passed to his brother Edred. In 947 Eric Bloodaxe came from Norway and led the resident Norsemen of Northumbria against Edred. Although first defeated, Eric returned to rule at York for two years. In 954 the Northumbrians expelled Eric, and Edred regained control of Northumbria after a final battle against Eric's forces at Stainemore near Edendale. Dunstan, the former Abbot of Glastonbury, was Edred's chief minister. | Eadræd King of England (I2599)
|
| 529 | He died on 6 August 1027 poisoning. He succeeded to the title of 5th Duc de Normandie on 28 August 1026. | Richard 5th Duc de Normandie III (I2094)
|
| 530 | He died on 9 December 1165 at age 23 at Jedburgh Castle, Scotland, unmarried. He was crowned King of Scotland on 24 May 1153 at Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland. He succeeded to the title of King Malcolm IV of Scotland on 24 May 1153. He succeeded David I, his grandfather, when he was only about 12 years old. Also granted the English title of the Earl of Huntingdon in return for reliquishing the English conquests made by his grandfather. Died aged 23, probably due to excessive fasting, a sign of his religious zeal. He was perhaps the last Gaelic speaking monarch and did not marry although he left a natural son. Succeeded by his brother, William I of Scotland. | of Scotland, Malcolm IV 'the Maiden' King of Scotland (I624)
|
| 531 | He died, killed by his brother, Yaropolk. | Oleg (I2202)
|
| 532 | He died, without issue. | d'Eu, Raoul 7th Comte d'Eu (I378)
|
| 533 | He died, without issue. Circa 1090 he inherited his father's lands in Normandy. He was living in 1130. | fitz Richard, Roger (I1232)
|
| 534 | He died, without male issue, when Burnside was sold. He fought in the Battle of Stoke in 1487, where he captured Lambert Simmel. | Bellingham, Sir Roger (I2735)
|
| 535 | He died, young. | Huntingdon, Robert of (I1939)
|
| 536 | He died, young. | Alfred (I2542)
|
| 537 | He fought in the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. He held the office of Sheriff of Cumberland in 1440. [thePeerage.com] | Lowther, Sir Hugh (I1485)
|
| 538 | He fought in the Battle of Alnwick on 13 November 1093, where he was wounded. He died on 16 November 1093 at Edwardside, Midlothian, Scotland, from wounds received in battle. | of Scotland, Edward (I160)
|
| 539 | He fought in the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346 as he and his men fought alongside King Edward III of England as he attempted to seize the French throne after the death of Charles IV. Gilbert was invested as a Knight on 26 August 1346 from the King on the field of Crécy, for his brilliant services. On 8 May 1362 he began work on Workington Hall, when he laid the first stone of the chief tower. | Culwen, Sir Gilbert (I1529)
|
| 540 | He fought in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, where he accompanied William the Conqueror. He held the office of High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1068. He held the office of Sheriff of Norfolk. | Malet, William Lord of Graville (I1695)
|
| 541 | He fought in the Battle of Hastings in 1066. William de Braose (or William de Briouze), First Lord of Bramber (died 1093/1096) was previously lord of Briouze, Normandy. He was granted lands in England by William the Conqueror soon after he and his followers had invaded and controlled Saxon England. Norman victor De Braose was given extensive lands in Sussex by 1073. He became lord of the Rape of Bramber where he built Bramber Castle. De Braose was also awarded lands around Wareham and Corfe in Dorset, two manors in Surrey, Southcote in Berkshire and Downton in Wiltshire. He became one of the most powerful of the new Lords of the early Norman era. He continued to bear arms alongside King William in campaigns in England, Normandy and Maine in France. He was a pious man and made considerable grants to the Abbey of St, Florent, Saumur and endowed the formation of priories at Sele near Bramber and at Briouze. He was soon installed in a new Norman castle at Bramber, to guard the strategically important harbour at Steyning and so began a vigorous boundary dispute and power tussle with the monks from Fécamp Abbey, in Normandy to whom King William I had granted Steyning, brought to a head by the Domesday Book, completed in 1086. Domesday squabble It found that de Braose had built a bridge at Bramber and demanded tolls from ships travelling further along the river to the busy port at Steyning. The monks also challenged Bramber's right to bury people in the churchyard of William de Braose's new church of Saint Nicholas, and demanded the burial fees for themselves, despite it being built to serve the castle not the town. The monks then produced forged documents to defend their position and were unhappy with the failure of their claim on Hastings, which was very similar. The monks claimed the same freedoms and land tenure in Hastings as King Edward had given them at Steyning. Though on a technicality William was bound to uphold all aspects of the status quo before Edward's death, the monks had already been expelled 10 years before that death. King William wanted to hold Hastings for himself for strategic reasons and ignored the problem until 1085, when he confirmed their Steyning claims but swapped the Hastings claim for land in the manor of Bury (near Pulborough in Sussex). In 1086 the King William called his sons, barons and bishops to court (the last time an English king presided personally, with his full court, to decide a matter of law) to settle this. It took a full day, and the Abbey won over the baron, forcing William de Braose to curtail his bridge tolls, give up various encroachments onto the Abbey's lands, including a farmed rabbit warren, a park, 18 burgage plots, a causeway, and a channel to fill his moat, and organise a mass exhumation and transfer of all Bramber's dead to the churchyard of Saint Cuthman's Church in Steyning. A Norman dynasty founded William de Braose was succeeded as Lord of Bramber by his son, Philip. William de Braose was present for the consecration of a church in his hometown of Briouze, whence the name de Braose originates, in 1093, so we know he was still alive in that year. However, his son Philip was issuing charters as Lord of Bramber in 1096, indicating that William de Braose died sometime between those dates. | de Braose, William 1st Lord of Bramber (I4366)
|
| 542 | He gained the title of 4th Earl of Derby. In 1190/91 he had livery of his lands. William II de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (c. 1168 - c. 1247) was a favourite of King John of England. He succeeded to the estate (but not the title) upon the death of his father, William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby, at the Siege of Acre in 1190. He was head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire which included an area known as Duffield Frith. He adopted his father's allegiance to King Richard as the reigning king. On Richard's return from the Third Crusade, in the company of David Ceannmhor and the Earl of Chester he played a leading role in besieging Nottingham Castle, on the 28th March 1194, which was being held by supporters of Prince John. For seven weeks after this he held the position of Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. On the accession of John after the death of his brother, in 1199, William gave him his allegiance, and became a great favourite. He restored to the de Ferrars' family the title of Earl of Derby, along with the right to the "third penny", and soon afterwards bestowed upon him the manors of Ashbourne and Wirksworth, with the whole of that wapentake, subject to a fee farm rent of £70 per annum. When, in 1213, John surrendered his kingdoms of England and Ireland to the Pope, William was one of the witnesses to the "Bulla Aurea." In the following year William gave surety on behalf of the king for the payment of a yearly tribute of 1,000 marks. In the same year, 1214, the King granted the Earl the royal castle of Harestan (Horsley Castle). William was a patron of at least 2 abbeys and 4 priories. In 1216, John made him bailiff of the Peak Forest and warden of the Peak Castle. In that year, John was succeeded by the nine year-old Henry III. Because of continuing discontent about John's violations of the Magna Carta, some of the barons had approached Prince Louis of France who invaded in that year. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke acting on behalf of the young King sought to repel the invaders and pacify the barons. His forces, with the assistance of de Ferrers, the Earl of Chester and others, defeated the rebels at the siege of Lincoln. De Ferrers was allowed to retain the royal castles of Bolsover, Peak and Horston (Horsley) until the King's 14th birthday. The latter had been given him in 1215 as a residence for his wife, during his planned absence with the King on Crusade. and the Earl was among those who made representation to the King, which would in 1258 led to the Provisions of Oxford . Henry reached his fourteenth birthday in 1222 and his administration sought to recover the three royal castles, to de Ferrers' indignation. In 1254 they would pass to Edward I, Henry's son, exacerbating Robert's, the sixth earl, resentment against the prince. He was married to Agnes De Kevelioch, sister of Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester, for 55 years. As the Earl advanced in years he became a martyr to severe attacks of the gout, a disease which terminated his life in the year 1247. He was succeeded by his elder son, also William, the Fifth Earl of Derby. Family and children William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby Sybil de Ferrers, married Sir John Vipont, Lord of Appleby and had issue. Sir Thomas of Chartley Ferrers Sir Hugh of Bugbrooke Ferrers (married and had issue) | de Ferrers, William 4th Earl of Derby (I902)
|
| 543 | He gained the title of Comte d'Evreux [Normandy]. | de Montfort, Simon Comte d'Evreux (I3781)
|
| 544 | He gained the title of Comte d'Evreux. He held the office of Bishop of Rouen in 989. | d'Evreux, Robert Comte d'Evreux (I2794)
|
| 545 | He gained the title of Comte de Mortagne. He gained the title of Comte de Perche. | de Perche, Geoffrey Comte de Perche et Mortagne II (I3258)
|
| 546 | He gained the title of Comte de Troyes in 950. Robert of Vermandois (c. 920-967/8) was Count of Meaux after his father, Heribert II, Comte de Vermandois and his wife, Adele (Liégarde) of France. He was married to Adelaide (914-967) of Burgundy, daughter of Giselbert, Duke of Burgundy. They had three children: Herbert III, Count of Meaux (c. 935-995) Adele of Meaux, (c. 950-c. 982) Adelaide of Troyes (c. 955-c. 991), wife of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine. | of Vermandois, Robert (I1298)
|
| 547 | He gained the title of König Carolman von Bayern. | Carloman König von Bayern (I214)
|
| 548 | He gained the title of King Carloman of the Franks in 768, jointly with his brother, Charlemagne. | Carloman King of the Franks (I449)
|
| 549 | He gained the title of King Louis II of the East Franks. | Louis II 'the German' King of the East Franks (I4367)
|
| 550 | He gained the title of King of Gwynedd in 878. | Gwynedd, Anarawd ap Rhodri King of (I2992)
|